英美国家概况Unit 6 British Literature (英国文学)

Unit 6 British Literature (英国文学)
一、本单元重点内容
1. Beowulf {贝奥武夫(一首古英文史诗的名字，同时也是此诗中的英雄的名字)}
2. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里·乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》)
1). British literature concerned with Christianity: Anglo-Saxons’ illustrated versions of the bible: the most famous--- the Book of Kells
2). Beowulf --- a long poem, one of the oldest of these early “Old English”(AD 6th C. —AD 11th C.的盎格鲁˙撒克逊的英语) literary works (古英语文学作品指8th C. AD—11th C. AD)
2. Elizabethan Drama (伊丽莎白一世:1533.9.7—1603.5.24)
---a general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during 15th and16th C. which is known as “The Renaissance”
7. Charles Dickens (查理·狄更斯)
8. Sir Walter Scott (瓦尔特·司各特)
9. Robert Louis Stevenson (罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森)
10. Modernism (现代主义)
11. Postmodernism (后现代主义)
---novels
1). Jane Austen—6 novels Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Emma
2). Bronte sisters—daughters of the vicar of a village church in Yorkshire. Though poor, they were educated and respectable. They all died young, but were remembered long after their death for their contribution to English literature. —Charlotte (Jane Eyre), Emily (Wuthering Heights) and Ann. 她们是约克郡一个乡村教会的牧师的女儿，分别叫夏洛特，爱米莉和安。虽然很穷，但她们都受过良好的教育，非常受人尊敬。她们很年轻就去世了，但是由于她们对英国文学的贡献，在她们去世后那么久都没有被人遗忘。夏洛特的名篇是《简爱》，爱米莉的名篇是《呼啸山庄》。为了书出版，她们都得用男性化的笔名。
4). the stories of King Arthur and his knights
King Arthur was the King of England in the 5th Century and was the central figure of many legends. History of the Kings of Britain published in 1138 well established King Arthur in literary form. The book invented material to fill the broad gaps in the historical record. The stories of King Arthur’s court, his knights and their famous round table and the search for the Holy Grail were mainly based on a very few vague “facts”. The ruined castle at Tintagel in Cornwall mentioned in the legends of King Arthur is now a popular tourist destination.
The Romantics saw themselves as free spirits, emphasizing nature, originality, the emotional and personal, rather than the “rational” in their work. This was a change from the emphasis on imitating classical (meaning Ancient Greek and Roman) conventions and forms.
4). Charles Dickens (1812－1870)—is now regarded as one of the greatest English writers. His works were characterized by vivid comic characterization and social criticism. He wrote many well-known novels, including Bleak House, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfield, just to name the best known. 查尔斯·狄更斯是英国最伟大的作家之一。他的作品以生动幽默的人物刻画和社会评论为特征。他写了很多部小说，包括《荒凉山庄》,《雾都孤儿》,《双城记》, 《大卫·科坡菲尔》.在此只列举最好的几部。
3). Elizabeth Gaskell (盖斯凯尔，a woman writer) (friend of Charlotte; represent a more realistic aspect of the 19th C.; supported in her work by the greatest British storyteller of the 19th C., Charles Dickens) — North and South
Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason.粗略地讲，19世纪的前30几年构成英国文学的浪漫主义时期。浪漫派作家更多地关注人类的想象力和情感，而不是理性的力量。 A volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought Romantic Movement to its height. The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel.威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治合编的《抒情歌谣集》被认为是浪漫派诗歌的“独立宣言”。济慈，拜伦和雪莱这三位伟大的诗人把浪漫主义运动推向高潮。浪漫主义的精神在小说中也有体现。
12. Joseph Conrad (约瑟夫·康拉德)
13. Virginia Woolf (维吉尼亚·吴尔夫)
14. wrence (D.H.·劳伦斯)
15. E.M Foster (EM·福斯特)
二、本单元重、难点辅导
1. early writing
杰弗里·乔叟 的《坎特伯雷故事集》是中古英语文学中最重要的作品。故事讲述了31个朝圣者结伴到英格兰东南部的坎特伯雷去朝圣.途中,每个人讲一个故事,来缓解旅途的劳顿. 值得注意的是,这部故事集体现的多样性,这些朝圣者来自不同的阶层,几乎涵盖了当时的所有社会阶层,他们讲故事的风格也各不相同. (中古英语：指11世纪到15世纪的英语)
1) Christopher Marlowe (克里斯托弗·马洛)—the earliest of the trio Dr Faustus 《浮士德博士》
2) William Shakespeare (1564--1616)— an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature. His plays fall into three categories: tragedies (Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, etc.), comedies (Merchant of Venice, The Dreams of the Midsummer Night, etc.) and history plays (Henry VI, Charles II etc. )
3. Stories about King Arthur (关于亚瑟王和他的骑士们的故事)
4. William Shakespeare (威廉·莎士比亚)