英语语法讲解

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如果你把英式足球与美式足球作一比较,你会发现有许多不同之处。
★compare用作不及物动词,意思是“比得上”“相比”。如:
① Nothing can compare with wool, for warmth.
从保暖性能来看,没有什么东西能与羊毛相比。
② Living in a town can’t compare with living in the country in many respects.
与我们那条路相比,这条路要繁忙得多。
② Children seem to learn more interesting things compared with/to when we were at school.
诗人在他的诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。
④ The work was hard and dangerous, but the pay was good compared to the wages in the old country.
这项工作很艰苦,很危险,但是与这个国家过去的工资相比较,它的报酬还是很可观的。★compare还要意为“比较”“对照”,与with连用,意为“把……与……比较”。如:
② His mother arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他妈妈昨天到达了北京。
③ I arrived at the bus stop at 2 o’clock. 我两点钟就到达了汽车站。
★reach是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语,一般不接表示地点的副词。如:
① I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing 我一到北京就打电话给你。
② The train had left when I got there. 当我到达那儿时,火车已经开走了。
③ When did he get to New York? 他什么时候到达纽约的?
⑦ I hate being laughed at. 我不愿意被人嘲笑。
⑧ I hate children quarrelling. (强调正在吵架或者经常吵架)
我讨厌孩子们(总)吵架。
【注】hate sb. doing sth.的意思是“不愿意某人做某事”。如:
⑨ He hates people asking him for money. 他讨厌人们向他借钱。
5. Help Daniel compare living on Mars to living on Earth at present.
帮助丹尼尔把居住在火星和居住在地球作比较。
★compare用作及物动词,意为“比作”,常与介词to连用,表示“把……比作……”。但在有些情况下我们也使用compare…to…来表达“将……同……作比较”的意思。如:
★hate用作可数名词,常常用在口语中,表示“所眼的人或物”。如:
① Jim is one of my pet hates. 吉姆是我恨之入骨者之一。
② Plastic flowers are a particular hate of mine. 塑料花是我特别厌恶的东西。
3. I can’t get to my food. 我吃不到我的食物了。
也许人们能够在太空上旅行并生活在其他星球上。
★able用作形容词,意为“有能力的”“有才能的”,在句中不能放在名词前,常用于be able to do sth. 结构,意思是“能做某事”“会做某事”,它有时态、人称和数的变化。如:
① The child is able to write now. 这孩子现在能写字了。
② She hates getting to the cinema late. 她讨厌看电影迟到。
★hate用作动词,意思是“痛恨”“不喜欢”“憎恶某人/某物”。如:
① She knew clearly what to love and what to hate. 她爱憎分明。
② She hated all this bitterly. 她对这一切极为痛恨。
★able的比较级和最高级有两种形式,可以在词尾加-er,-est,也可以在它的前面加more, most。如:
① He is the ablest student in his class. 他是他班上最有才华的学生。
② He is the most able man I’ve ever seen. 他是我曾见过的最能干的人。
★get to作“触及”“接触”“影响”讲。如:
① His honesty got to me. 他的诚实打动了我。
② His words got to me. I decided to walk on. 他的话影响了我,我决定继续走下去。
★get to作“到达”讲,后接地点,相当于reach或arrive at/in。如:
⑩ Our teacher hates anyone destroying things. 我们老师讨厌人们损坏东西。
★hate用作不可数名词,意思是“憎恨”。如:
① She was filled with hate for his opponent. 她对她的对手满怀憎恨。
② He left with a look full of hate. 他带着憎恨的眼光离开了。
我讨厌钟(在我正要入睡时)打点。
【注】总的来说,当hate后接动名词时,动名词往往表示正在进行的动作或经常性的动作。如:
⑥ I hate disturbing you. (=I’m disturbing you and I’m sorry.)
我是很不愿意打扰你的。(正在打扰或经常打扰)
“It’s great. I like it very much.” “中国很伟大。我很喜欢它。”
2. I hate it. 我讨厌它。
★hate用作动词,意思是“讨厌”“厌恶某ne listening while she’s telephoning. 她打电话的时候,讨厌别人听。
① Compare the two and take the better one. 比较两者,选取较好的。
② She compared her answer with the one given in the book.
她把自己的答案与书中给的答案作了比较。
③ If you compared British football with American football, you will find many differences.
这个小男孩已经会说一些英语了。
⑤ I’m not able to go swimming with you because I’m very busy.
我不能和你一起去游泳,因为我很忙。
⑥ You are better able to do it than I. 你比我更有能力做这件事。
【注】当get to后面接here, there, home等副词时,to必须省略。
【注】get to, arrive和reach的区别。
★arrive是不及物动词,如果要表达到达一个地方时,后面需要加上介词in或者at,到达大的地方用介词in,到达小的地方用介词at。如:
① When we arrived, they had gone. 当我们到达时,他们已经走了。
【注】be able to与can的区别
can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could)两种形式,而be able to除了现在时和过去时外,还有将来时和完成时。如:
⑦ I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter. 对不起,我一直没有给你回信。
⑧ Were you able to drive a car last year? 去年你会开车吗?
⑨ Tom can swim across the river now. 汤姆现在能游过这条河了。
★当人们现在决定是否有做某事的能力时,常常用can,而不用be able to。如:
在许多方面城市生活比不上乡村生活。
★过去分词短语compared with和compared to表示“与……比起来”,在句中常用作状语,可位于句首或句尾,此时介词to和with通用。如:
① This road is quite busy compared with / to ours.
② Will you be able to come tomorrow? 明天你能来吗?
③ Jim was able to ride a bike two years ago. 吉姆两年前就能骑自行车了。
④ The little boy has been able to speak a little English.
① Can I go fishing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow? 如果明天不下雨,我可以去钓鱼吗?
② Can you come to my birthday party on Sunday?
星期天你能来参加我的生曰聚会吗?
★can与be able to不能重叠使用。如: We can talk about it now. =We are able to talk about it now.现在我们可以谈这件事了。(不可以说:We can be able to talk about it now.)
1. How do you like life on Mars?
你觉得火星上的生活怎么样?
★该句子中“How do you like…?”相当于What do you think of…?意思是“你觉得……怎么样?”,曰常口语中用来询问对方对某一事物的看法或者判断。如: “How do you like China?” 你觉得中国怎么样?
★hate用作动词,常常用在口语中表示“不愿”“遗憾”的意思。如:
① I hate to trouble you. 我不愿麻烦你。
② I would hate you to think I didn’t care. 我很遗憾你认为我漠不关心。
【注】一般而论,当hate后接动词不定式时,动词不定式表达的是一次性的将来动作。如:③ To tell you the truth, I hate to do it. (to do it仅仅表示一种潜在的可能性)
① He reached Shanghai last Wednesday. 他上星期三到达上海的。
② How did you reach the village? 你如何到达这个村庄的?
4. Maybe people will be able to travel in space and live on other planets.
说实话,我不愿意做这件事。
④ She hate the children to quarrel. (to quarrel只表示一种潜在的可能性)
她讨厌孩子们吵架。
⑤ I hate the clock to chime (…just when I’m going to sleep.) (这里指的是一次打点)
① Poets have compared sleep to death. 诗人把睡眠比作死亡。
② We may compare the world to a stage. 我们可以把世界比作一个舞台。
③ The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poem.
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