chapter one 汉译英 概述
汉英翻译(chapter one) 第一章 翻译的过程
琼州学院外国语学院
17
3、直译和意译并用
直译和意译是翻译中最基本的两种方法。在 翻译过程中，有时使用直译法，有时使用意 译法，有时则两者必须并用。
琼州学院外国语学院
18
示 例
① This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity. 我再也无法忍受了。我当时很年轻，我要在一个女人手下工 作，这对我简直是最大的侮辱。 ② My dear girls, I am ambitious for you, but not to have you make a dash in the world-marry rich men merely because they are rich, or have splendid houses, which are not homes because love is wanting.. 亲爱的姑娘们，我对你们期望很高，可并不是叫你们在世上 出人头地——要你们去嫁给富人，仅仅因为他们有钱，有奢 华的住房，缺少爱情的话，豪华的住房算不得上家。
琼州学院外国语学院
7
2）确认短语是否是一个语义整体。
—— “I don’t know what you do with your brass,” said Mr. Scurridge. —— “I spend it on you,” she said. “Always a good table, you must have. Never anything short.” —— “不知道你掖着臭钱干什么用”，史卡力 先生问。 ——“供你吃喝呀！”她回答道。“你总是一 定要吃好喝好，缺一点儿也不行。”
chapter翻译
chapter翻译基本解释●chapter：章节，篇章●/ˈtʃæptər/●n. 章节，篇章变化形式●复数形式：chapters具体用法●名词:o意思: 章节，篇章o同义词: section, part, division, segment, portiono反义词: whole, entirety, total, aggregate, sumo例句：●The book is divided into ten chapters, each focusing on adifferent aspect of the subject. (这本书分为十个章节，每个章节都专注于该主题的不同方面。
)●In the first chapter, the author introduces the main charactersand sets the scene for the story. (在第一章中，作者介绍了主要人物并为故事设定了场景。
)●Each chapter of the report provides detailed analysis andinsights into the data collected. (报告的每一章都对收集的数据进行了详细分析和见解。
)●The final chapter of the novel brings all the storylinestogether in a dramatic conclusion. (小说的最后一章将所有故事情节汇聚在一起，形成戏剧性的结局。
)●The history book includes chapters on ancient civilizations,the Middle Ages, and modern history. (这本历史书包括关于古代文明、中世纪和现代历史的章节。
)●Students are required to read the first three chapters beforethe next class. (学生们需要在下节课前阅读前三章。
英语翻译概论.ChapterOne ppt2
Contrastive analysis
Subject Name(1960s)
Science of translating Translatology
framework of the discipline
out research on translation A theoretical framework into which
professional translators or trainee translators can place their practical experience.
A few general distinctions
School of Cannibalism (De Campos) Postcolonial translation theory( T.
Niranjana, G. Spivak) Cultural Studies Approach (Lawrence
Venuti)
Discussion and research point
Cicero, Horace, St. Jerome( Septuagint Bible) , Luther,
Academic discipline: the second half of the twentieth century (linguistic-oriented)
Translation Workshop（I.A. Rechards, 1920s） reading and writing experiment
Nature, principles, criteria, techniques, history
英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter One Introduction to Translation
[点评] ：
(1)译文1中，well-paved确是“铺设得很好的”，可是，一见到well或good
[译就译文成1“]：好铺”，设显得得很语言好贫的乏公。事路实经上过，英一语排里排的这整两洁个的词在，汉现译代时有的很房多屋译法，。 如：a这w些ell房-be屋ha坐ved落gi在rl“树举中止得。体的姑娘”
[译文]: 我们都会想念他的，但我们祝愿他退休后快乐，长寿。 4. He has enough money to burn.
[译文]: 他有花不完的钱。 5. Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep?
[译文]: 你为什么要引狼入室？
General Introduction to Translation
expression）。
General Introduction to Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
以作者和读者为取向
Chapter One
• 这类翻译标准或原则的共同特点是：翻译既要“忠实”又要 “通顺”，即译文必须既要考虑到原作者又要考虑到译文的 读者。
• 所谓忠实，首先指忠实于原作的内容。译者必须把原作的内 容完整而准确地表达出来，不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏阉 割或任意增删的现象。其次还应保持原作的风格——即原作 的民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。 译者对原作的风格不能任意破坏和改变，不能以译者的风格 代替原作的风格。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
以作者和读者为取向
Chapter One
十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大·泰特勒（Alexander Fraser Tytler,1747-1814）在《论翻译的原则》（Essay on the Principles of Translation）一书中提出了著名的翻译三 原则：
Chapter One-汉+英
Chapter One第一章An Outline of Agriculture大纲农业I. Introduction介绍Agriculture, art, science, and industry of managing the growth of plants and animals for human use. In a broad sense agriculture includes cultivation of the soil, growing and harvesting crops, breeding and raising livestock, dairying, and forestry.农业、艺术、科学和工业的管理植物的生长和动物以供人类使用。
在广义上包括土壤的农业种植和收割庄稼,生长、繁殖和提高家畜、乳品、和林业。
Modern agriculture depends heavily on engineering and technology and on the biological and physical sciences. Irrigation, drainage, conservation, and sanitary engineering—each of which is important in successful farming—are some of the fields requiring the specialized knowledge of agricultural engineers.现代农业的发展在很大程度上依赖于工程、科技和对生物和物理科学。
灌溉、排水、保育和卫生工程其中的每一个都是重要的农业是成功的一些领域专业知识的要求农业工程师。
Agricultural chemistry deals with other vital farming concerns, such as the application of fertilizer, insecticides, and fungicides, soil makeup, analysis of agricultural products, and nutritional needs of farm animals.农业化学与其他重要的农业问题,比如的应用及杀菌剂、杀虫剂、肥料、土壤妆,分析农业产品,和营养需求的农场里的动物。
英语翻译Chapter 1
▪ 例如：2007年8月8日在天安门广场上举行了庆祝北 京2008年奥运会倒计时一周年盛大活动。
▪ “On August 8, 2007, a grand gala was held on the Tian’anmen Square celebrating the one-year countdown to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.”
▪ 1.To master basic knowledge and theories about translation;
▪ 2.To understand better the differences between English and Chinese;
▪ 3.To train the students to acquire some skills ,techniques and strategies in translating, thus developing students’ abilities to translate efficiently and effectively.
▪ 李怀瑞 ▪ 太原理工大学文法学院外语系 ▪ ２００7年９月－２００8年７月
Self-Introduction
▪ : LiHuairui (Ethan Li)李怀瑞 ▪ MA (Master of Arts); Lecturer of TUT. ▪ 2.Working Experience: ▪ 1999-2002 College English for Undergraduates ▪ 2002-2007 English Reading and Translation for
实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Chapter 1&2)
An Applied Course in English-Chinese Translation Skills and Practice实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Definition of Translation)1.2 翻译的原则(Principles of Translation)忠实(Faithfulness)通顺(Smoothness)1.3 翻译的基本步骤(Basic Steps in Translation)a. 原文理解（Comprehension of Source Texts)•词义确定（Determination of Word Meaning)It is quite another story now.The officials concerned refused to confirm the story in the Post.The white-haired girl's story is one of the saddest.A young man came to police station with a story.•语法分析（Grammatical Analysis)W hile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.•逻辑判断（Logical Judgement)H e bought a picture of the house which many people thought to be replica.•文体把握（Understanding of Style)旅游景点警示语：路滑, 小心跌倒！译1：The road is slippery, fall down carefully！译2：The path is so slippery that you should be careful not to fall down.译3：Slippery // Wet path！b.译文表达（Expression of Target Texts)c. 译文校核(Proofreading of Target Texts)1.4 翻译的主要方法（Major Translation Approaches)a. 直译法（Literal Translation）p aper tigerl ose facer unning dogG ood to begin well, better to end well.b. 意译法（Free Translation）Q ueen’s Englishs mall talkr eceive glove moneyE very life has its roses and thorns．c. 归化法（Domestication）b lack sheepa s timid as a hared.异化法（Foreignization）1.5 翻译的常用技巧（Practical Translation Skills)异&选择（Choice of Word Meaning)一词多义（Polysemous Words）•New homes are for sale.•I’ll see her home tonight.•He’s at home with classics.•Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.a. 语境与词义（Context and Word Meaning）A caller to the broadcasting station claimed responsibility for the bombing.T hroughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.b.词性与词义（Word Class and Word Meaning）M y room was big, light and looked out on the East lake.H e lighted his cigarette, said good night, and went on.c.文体与词义（Style and Word Meaning）•United States Declaration of Independence：He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.•The third power of 2 is 8.2.2 引申翻译a. 具体化引申翻译（Extension from the Abstract or General Words to the Concrete Words)•抽象名词的具体化（Concreteness fromAbstract Nouns)T he car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.T he administration was free from corruption.•概括词语的具体化（Concreteness from General Words）A nimal waste is the best food for the soil.T he weather has a great effect on the farmer¡¯s work and the products of his work.b. 概括化引申翻译（Extension from the Concrete or Special Words to the General Words)H e was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.M y father is the bread earner.2.3 增补翻译(Addition)a. 语法增补（Grammatical Addition)•动词的增补（Addition of Verbs)I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.A fter the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he went home tiredly.•量词的增补（Addition of Measure Words)A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.T he carefully planned party turned out to be a bad dream.•时态词的增补（Addition of Words Denoting Tenses)T he tutor had taught the girl to play the piano.T he old man said, “They say his father was ¡°a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”译文：老头儿说: “听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。
译林版七年级上册英语课文翻译Unit1Thisisme!
译林版七年级上册英语课文翻译Unit1 This is me !第6页部分1 0h, I love e-dogs.哦，我喜欢电子狗。
2 I'm Eddie. What's your name?我是埃迪。
你叫什么名字？ My name is Hobo.我的名字叫霍波。
3 Are you my master?你是我的主人吗 Yes, I am.是的，我是。
4 Good. Now read this book.好。
现在读这本书。
How to Look After Your E-dog如何照顾你的电子狗New school, new friends 新学校，新朋友This is the first day at Sunshine Middle School. Let's get to know some of the new students.这是阳光中学的第一天。
让我们了解一些新学生。
Task: Introduce yourself to your classmates.任务：把你自己介绍给你的同学们。
Unit1 Welcome to the unit A部分课文翻译The new students in Class 1, Grade 7 at Sunshine Middle School are greeting each other. Read what they say. 阳光中学七年级一班的新同学们在互相问候。
阅读他们所说的话。
Good morning. I'm Amy. 早上好。
我是埃米。
Hi, I'm Simon.你好，我是西蒙。
Hello, I'm Millie.你好，我是米莉。
I'm Kitty.我是基蒂。
Hi, I'm Sandy. What's your name?你好，我是桑迪。
你叫什么名字？My name is Daniel.我叫丹尼尔。
牛津英语高一上chapterone
牛津英语高一上chapterone牛津英语高一（上） chapter oneChapter OneThe Phantom of the OperaPeriod 1Background NoteThe Paris Opera House was built between 1861 and 1875., and it does have a lake of water underneath it.The French writer Gaston Leroux wrote his novel The Phantom of the Opera in 1911. This story of a mad musical genius and an innocent girl became very popular, and has inspired at least four film versions. The excellent stage musical (music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Lyrics by Charles Hart) was first performed in London in 1986 and has now appeared in many other big cities.Skimming and ScanningPeriod 2~3ReadingWords and Expressions1. phantom n.---a mysterious figure; a spirit 幽灵，鬼魂a phantom ship2. opera house n.--- a big theatre especially for opera, which is a form of art in whichthere is a play but all the words are sun，not spoken 歌剧院3. ugly adj.--- unpleasant to look at; extremely unattractive 丑陋 (anti. Beautiful)(plain: female’s not good-looking face)ugly smell/ sky/ duckling (丑小鸭)/ customer4. mask n.---something which covers most of your face 面具The robbers all wore masks so that no one could recognize them.5. force v. ---make (someone do something, against their will) 迫使，强迫force sb. to do sth. = force sb. into doingforce/ get/ expect/ want sb. to do sth.make/ let/ have sb. do sth.forced landing紧急迫降n．[U] by force凭暴力[C] forces军队武装the forces of a country； the air forcesthe Royal Air Forces of Great Britain6. Strong enough to kill with his hands, and yet he loved music and sang with a wonderful voice.强壮得足以徒手杀戮, 然而他还酷爱音乐,并能用美秒的嗓音歌唱.But/ and yet表示转折 He is old, and yet he he jogs every day.Though he was strong enough to kill with his hands, he loves music and sang with a wonderful voice.Unable to work out the problem, John turned to his teacher for help. (形容词短语作状语)7. power: n. ability to control to control sb. or sth.能力: the power of hearing/ to imitate human wordsout of/beyond one’s power 力所不及权利, 支配力: come into power执政; political power政权;fight for powder争权; power politics强国: Japan is among the great economic powers in the world.有影响的人: He is a power in this town.动力: electric power, water powergain/ get/ lose power overgain one’s respect/ wealth/ experience/8. role n. a part in a play or filmCharles Liang played the role of Harmlet in our school play.a leading role; the main rolen. play an important role in 起重要作用The USA plays an important role in international relations.9. Some place + be crowded with 挤满了……crowd v. 涌入When the opera ended, all the audience crowded into the street immediately.crowd n. 人群 the crowda crowd waiting for the show10. obey v.---do what someone ordered; follow instructions 服从，遵守obey/ observe the traffic rules/ regulations11. angel n. --- a messenger sent from God 天使12. chandelier n.---a very big lamp, made of many pieces of glass to reflect the light 枝形吊灯13. kidnap v. --- take someone as a prisoner by unlawful force and against one’s will(usually to make other people pay money to have them released) 绑架，劫持Three men kidnapped a millionaire’s son, and forced his father to pay them a lot of money.kidnapping, kidnapper14. capture v. ---catch; make (someone) a prisoner 捕获；浮虏15. shock v.--- to cause usu. unpleasant or angry surprise to 使震惊be shocked at: I was shocked at her death.n. 电震,电击If you touch that live wire, you will get a shock.n. [C] 休克, 震惊Th e news of her mother’s death is a horrible shock to her.16. lonely adj.---feeling sad because you are alone or have no close friendscf. alone 寂寞的，孤独的`e.g. Though he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.17. release v.--- set free; allow sb. to go 释放release sb. from …release a man from prisonrelease a bombv. allow (news) to be known 发布新闻allow (a film) to be exhibited or (goods) to be placed on sale recently released films/ discs18. magically adv.---in a strange way which we cannot explain 神奇地magic n.& a. 魔法; 有魔力的(作定语)magical a. 有魔力的(作定语或表语)magician n. 魔术师The magician pulled a white rabbit out of his hat magically.19. burst v. ---break violently; move suddenly 冲，胀裂Some of the crowd burst through the force and ran onto the football pitch.burst into + n./burst out + gerundburst into tears/ laughter (burst out crying/ laughing) (突然)哭了/笑了burst into/ out of the roomburst in 插嘴Don’t bet him burst in.突然出现 He will be bursting in on us at any moment.Language Points in Reading1. Underneath the building there was a strange, dark lake. 倒装2. In the middle of this lake was an island, and on that island, one hundred years ago, lived the phantom. 倒装3. Strong enough to kill with his hands, and yet he loved music and sang with a wonderful voice.4. By now, a group of other people had reached thePhantom’s house, and burst in, ready ot kill him.Difficult Sentences in Reading1. The Paris Opera House was a huge building, with seventeen floors, of which seven were below the ground.of which seven were below the ground 非限制性定语从句which指代seventeen floors在此注意below的用法2. sing with a wonderful voice 用完美的嗓音唱3. Christine’s kiss made him cry with joy. Christine的吻令他喜极而泣Period 4Language倒装Inversion一、倒装的种类1. 完全倒装（complete inversion）整个谓语动词全部移到前面 (主谓一致)e.g. Here comes the bus.“ …” said John. = he said.On the stair lay a bottle of aspirins.2. 部分倒装 (partial inversion)只把助动词、情态动词、系动词或表语放在主语之前。
chapter-1-英语词汇概述PPT课件
The following features:
Stability Productivity Polysemy Collocability
-
24
Non-basic vocabulary
Terminology: Jargon行话 Slang俚语 Argot隐语，行话 Dialectal words Archaisms古语 Neologisms 新字，新义
-
25
Terminology
Medical terminology: 肺炎：pneumonia 肺炎伤寒：typhopneumonia；
means “take a look ”
-
28
I put my tit for tat on my crust of bread and my daisy roots on my plates of meat and fell down the apples and pears because I was elephant's trunk.
A word is an independent, minimal, meaningful linguistic unit.
-
13
syllable
monosyllabic words
good; boy; book
polysyllabic words
unfortunately; management
compound words
初二英语Chapter One
初二英语Chapter One： France is calling沈阳牛津版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Chapter One： France is calling ［学习过程］ 1. seem 可用作联系动词或不及物动词,意为：似乎,好像.常构成如下几种主要句型： seem (to be) + 名词. Mary seems a very clever girl. 玛丽看上去是一个非常聪明的女孩. The young man seems to be a new teacher. 这个年轻人看上去像一位新老师. Seem (to be) +形容词或过去分词. Mr Smith seemed to be quite happy.史密斯先生好像十分快乐. This small town seems changed a little. 这个小镇似乎有点变化. Seem + 不定式。
不定式有时使用进行时或完成时。
Mrs Black doesn’t seem to like the idea. 布莱克夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。
也可以写成Mrs Black seems not to like the idea. The children seemed to be eating something in the room.孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西。
The young girl seemed to have changed much. 这个年轻女孩似乎变化很大。
Seem +介词短语。
It seems like years since I last saw you. 上次和你见面后，好像好多年没有见到你了。
Her parents seem in good health. 她的父母看起来很健康。
It seems that …意为：看起来，似乎。
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。
英语国家概况 英国部分Chapter1
Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge Tunnel
It is a landmark event in the century plus history of Qingdao, marking the beginning of the Greater Qingdao era; it completes the 1-hour economic circle among the downtown Qingdao and the districts and cities under its jurisdiction and the 4-hour economic circle among the central cities at Shandong Peninsula as well. 1-hour economic circle among Qingdao, Hongdao and Huangdao The Jiaozhou Bay Bridge links Qingdao, Huangdao and Xuejiadao, cuts the distance between Qingdao and Huangdao by 30 km
III Climate
Questions for discussion
1. Why is the climate in Great Britain so mild?p7 2.English people always strike up a conversation by talking about weather ,do you know why?
The weather in England is remarkably changeable.
“other countries have a climate, in England we have weather.” In England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme. Effect on the Englishman’s character. It tends to make them cautious and adaptable.
Chapter One翻译总论
Part Three Translation Standard
• Q1: what is the relationship between translation practice and theory? • Q2: what is translation theory for?
Chinese Translation History
Rules of Translating Sutra
支谦突破了以往的直译法，开始追求文字的典雅；在最早的《法句 支谦突破了以往的直译法，开始追求文字的典雅；在最早的《 突破了以往的直译法 经序》中已初见“信达雅”的端倪。 经序》中已初见“信达雅”的端倪。 道安总结出了“五失本” 道安总结出了“五失本”、“三不易”的规律；主张直译，译文不 总结出了 三不易”的规律；主张直译， 增不减， 增不减，只是在词序上作些调整 彦琮在其论着《辩正论》中提出了翻译要例“十条” 彦琮在其论着《辩正论》中提出了翻译要例“十条” 和对译者的 在其论着 要求“八备” 八备.doc 要求“八备”；十条 八备.doc 鸠摩罗什开始提倡意译，常对原文加以改动， 鸠摩罗什开始提倡意译，常对原文加以改动，以适应中国的文体 开始提倡意译 慧远等人则对译文的风格和文体问题进行了一定的探索。 慧远等人则对译文的风格和文体问题进行了一定的探索。 等人则对译文的风格和文体问题进行了一定的探索 玄奘提出了佛经翻译中著名的“五不翻”的原则， 玄奘提出了佛经翻译中著名的“五不翻”的原则，并为译经者进行 提出了佛经翻译中著名的 了十一种详细的分工。 了十一种详细的分工。
Dominating definitions of Translation
1. Oxford English Dictionary: Translation means turning from one language into another. Nida:Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. (翻译就是用接受语重新塑造出与原语最贴近的自然 对等表达，首先就意义而言，其次就风格而言。)
Chapter 1工程英语翻译概述
通顺是指译文语言要符合规范，行文通顺。要力争 做到忠实与通顺的辩正统一。
一方面要防止对忠实的片面理解，一味追求形式上 的相似，造成逐字死译。另一方面又要防片面强调 “通顺”，而不忠实于原文。
工程英语注重逻辑性，因此分词连接成分 (Participle Connectors) 的使用率很高， 例如：
Supposing that …假定、假设 Assuming that …假定、假设 Provided that …倘若、只要 Seeing that …由于、鉴于
3. 透彻分析深层结构
Examples:
1.Progress control is obtained by comparing actual performance on the work against the desired performance set up on the master or detailed schedules. 进度控制是通过比较工程实际进度与主要（或详细） 进度表中确定的预期进度来进行的。
工程英语翻译
第一章 工程英语翻译概述
Warm-up Exercise
Placing is the process of transferring the fresh concrete from the conveying device to its final place in the forms. Prior to placing, loose rust must be removed from reinforcement, forms must be cleaned, and hardened surfaces of previous concrete lifts must be cleaned and treated appropriately. Placing and compacting are critical in their effect on the final quality of the concrete. Proper placement must avoid segregation, displacement of forms or of reinforcement in the forms, and poor bond between successive layers of concrete.
高一英语必修一Unit1课文翻译
高一英语必修一Unit1课文翻译高一英语必修一Unit 1课文翻译Unit 1 FriendshipReadingAnne’s Best Friend安妮最好的朋友Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like yourdeepest f eelings and thoughts?你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢?Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前经历的困境呢?Anne Frank wantedthe first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II.安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。
Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis.她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。
She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.她和她的家人躲藏了将近25个月之后才被发现。
During that time the only true friend was her diary.在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。
英汉翻译技巧(12.09学生版)
英汉翻译技巧第一部分英译汉CHAPTER ONE THE GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF TRANSLATIONTHE V ARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION1)ALEXANDER FRASER TYTLER (1747-1814)I WOULD THEREFORE DESCRIBE A GOOD TRANSLATION TO BE: THAT, IN WHICH THE MERIT OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS SO COMPLETELY TRANSFUSED INTO ANOTHER LANGUAGE, AS TO BE DISTINCTLY APPREHENDED, AND AS STRONGLY FELT, BY A NATIVE OF THE COUNTRY TO WHICH THAT LANGUAGE BELONGS, AS IT IS BY THOSE WHO SPEAK THE LANGUAGE OF THE ORIGINAL WORK.好的翻译应该是把原作的长处如此完备地移注入另一种语言，以使译入语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。
THE THREE GENERAL RULES FOR TRANSLATION:FIRST GENERAL RULE: A TRANSLATION SHOULD GIVE A COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT OF THE IDEAS OF THE ORIGINAL WORK.译文完全复写出原作的思想。
SECOND GENERAL RULE: THE STYLE AND MANNER OF WRITING IN A TRANSLATION SHOULD BE OF THE SAME CHARACTER WITH THAT OF THE ORIGINAL.译文的风格与笔调应与原作具有相同的特性。
Chapter-One-文章开头句型
Chapter-One-文章开头句型Chapter One 文章开头句型1-1 对立法: 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题.例如(e.g)[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.[2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt对要讨论的问题的看法.e.g:[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than...[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......1-4 引用法----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!e.g:[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people ."Education is not complete with gradulation." Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this .In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".1-5 比较法------ 通过对过去,现在两种不同的倾向,观点的比较, 引出文章要讨论的观点.e.g:[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new.1-6 故事法---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.e.g:[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenemenon of ... has aroused public concern.[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.1-8 问题法----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.e.g:Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...But in my opinion , ...... .Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型原因结果分析3-1-1. 基本原因--- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.e.g:[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ...[2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ...[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to ....3-1-2 另一原因--------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!e.g:[1]. Another important factor is ....[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem.[3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....3-1-3 后果影响--------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响.e.g:[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....[2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........比较对照句型3-2-1. 两者比较---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用!e.g:[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.[3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!e.g:[1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that.....[2]. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to B.Chapter Three 文章结尾形式2-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点.e.g:[1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .....[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .......2-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.e.g:[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .......[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be putin danger.2-3 号召性-------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.e.g:[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of ......[2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.2-4 建议性-------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.e.g:[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is .....[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.2-5 方向性的结尾方式---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.e.g:[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical.[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........2--6 意义性的结尾方式--------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!e.g:[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit .....[2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ..。
新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 1 翻译概论
• Contrast is the spice of life. There can
be no joy without sorrow, no summer without winter, no love without hate. • 【译文】矛盾是生活的调味品：没有悲伤就 没有快乐；没有冬就没有夏；没有恨就没有 爱。 • 【解析】充满哲理，令人信服。译文和原文 一样挥洒自如，如歌似曲。
课堂互动 1：找找哪个译文正确
• 1．He has a weakness for smoking.
•
– A．他有抽烟的缺点。 – B．他有抽烟的癖好。 2．A cat is a cleanly animal. – A．猫是一种干净的动物。 – B．猫是喜爱清洁的动物。
• 3．He is dead，as I live.
•
钱钟书提出文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。把作 品从一国文字转变为另一国文字，既不能因语 言习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完 全保存原有的风味，那就算得上是入于“化” 境了。 谭载喜提出了翻译的“东张西望”法和译学内 容的“瞻前顾后”法。“东张”即发挥自身的 语言优势，做到译文的“信达贴”、“信达 切”、“神似”、“化境”。“西望”则是借 鉴西方译论，立足分析，注重理论，放眼系统。 “瞻前”——放开思路，大胆开拓；“顾 后”——继承传统，推陈出新。
黄昏的阴影几乎连在一起，不可分别，岁将云暮，终日昏 暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏大寺去散步了几个钟头。 • 【解析】此译文对原文语序略作调整，译文表达忠实、正 确、流畅，符合汉语习惯。但现代人读来文字华丽、感到 过于学究气，和原语文本中所用文字和所表达语气似乎相 悖。 • 【译文】时值晚秋，天气肃杀凄凉，令人伤感，晨日的光 影与黄昏的光影几乎交织在一起，难以分辨，昏暗的光线 投射到一年的衰败秋日之中，而就在这样的一天，我独自 到西敏寺大教堂散步了几个小时。
ChapterOne商务英语翻译基础知识
ChapterOne商务英语翻译基础知识商务英语翻译基础知识next翻译理论与实践课件第一节翻译的概念,分类,过程及方法next翻译理论与实践课件一.翻译的概念 1.关于翻译的几种定义①翻译是一门艺术.(Translation is a fine art.)----林语堂《翻译论》②翻译是一门科学.----董秋斯③Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.----尤金 .奈达翻译理论与实践课件2. 广义的翻译是指语言与语言，语言变体与语言变体，语言与非语言等的代码转换和基本信息的传达.3.狭义的翻译是一种语言活动，是把一种语言表达的内容忠实地用另一种语言表达出来.翻译理论与实践课件二.翻译的分类1.按所涉及的两种代码的性质分为：语内翻译(intralingual translation):同一种语言间不同语言变体的翻译. 语际翻译(interlingual translation):不同语言间的翻译，是狭义翻译的研究对象. 语符翻译( interseniotic translation):用非文字符号解释文字符号.2.按翻译主体的性质分为人工翻译和机器翻译两类.next exercise翻译理论与实践课件3.按照翻译的工具和成品形式可分为口译和笔译.4.按翻译的客体即所译资料的性质可分为文学翻译(literary translation):包括诗歌，小说，戏剧等文学作品的翻译，着重情感内容和修辞特征的表达. 实用翻译(pragmatic translation):包括科技，商务，公文等资料的翻译，着重实际内容的表达.翻译理论与实践课件三.翻译的过程翻译的过程是理解和表达的有机结合.翻译的关键在于对原文的理解，要真正理解原文，译者必须有扎实的语言功底和相关专业背景知识，并熟知英汉两种文化知识，否则译者就不能真正理解，从而产生误差. 例：Cannot Beat the Real Thing.(美国可口可乐广告) 不能打败真正的商品. 挡不住的诱惑！next后者简单明了的把原文的真正含义表达了出来，能达到打动消费者的目的. 表达阶段就是译者把自己从原文所理解的内容用目的语重新表达出来.表达的好坏主要取决与对原文的理解深度和对译文语言的饿修养程度.理解原文不是易事，表达亦然. 例：As we obtained a clean B/L, you will see that the goods were slopped in good order. We suggest, therefore, that you lodge your claim with it. 由于我们获得了清洁提单，所以你们将明白货物在装运时情况良好，且被安放的井井有条.由此看来我们建议你们可以向该轮船公司提出索赔. 我方已获得清洁提单一张，贵方谅必清楚货物装船时状况良好，因此建议贵方可依此向该轮船公司提出索赔.翻译理论与实践课件四. 翻译的方法1.直译和意译是翻译的两大基本方法. 2.所谓直译是指翻译时要求译文与原文在词语，语法结构及表达方式上保持一致的方法. 例：Many investors no longer treat a stock as an instrument of ownership in a corporation but only as a derivative of economic factors, risks and potentials. 许多投资者不再把他们拥有的股票看作是拥有某一公司一部分权益的工具，而只是将它视为经济因素，风险，潜力的衍生物.See more next3.意译是指摆脱原文形式的束缚而传达原文的内容. During Federal Re serve Chairman Greenspan’s nearly 20 years as the world’ most powerful central banker, the U.S has suffered only one recession, a brief one in 1990-1991. 格林斯潘作为全球最有实力的中央银行的掌舵人，在其近20年的任期中，美国仅在19 90-1991年间遭受过一次短暂的经济萧条. 本句意译主要体现在句子结构层面上，将only one recession和a brief one in 1990-1991进一步融合，更加符合汉语的表达习惯.翻译理论与实践课件一. 讨论翻译的概念，分类，过程及方法并提出自己的看法和观点. 二. 将下列汉语译成英语：1.语内翻译_______ 2.语际翻译_______ 3.语符翻译_______ 4.文学翻译_______ 5.实用翻译_______ 6.功能对等_______ 7.机器翻译_______ 8.目的语9. 源语_______ _______翻译理论与实践课件三.结合直译和意译两种翻译方法，将下列英语译成汉语：1.Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language.2.A translation should give a complete transcript of the same character as that of the original. Atranslation should have all the ease of the original composition.翻译理论与实践课件3. Automatic package has been adopted into production of almost every industry.4.A compensation package often includes a base salary, an annual bonus and some other extra rewards and benefits.5. A packaged service called Trade Web costs companies less than 1,000$a year to join. It is so cheap that 3,000 small suppliers have signed up with the operator.6.The through quality management is apparent not just in the products, but also in the system through a self-check system and tracebility at each stage of production from the greenhouse to the table.翻译理论与实践课件第二节商务英语和商务文本翻译标准exercise翻译理论与实践课件一. 商务英语的界定商务英语是英语的一种功能变体，是专门用途英语(English for Specific Purposes)中的一个分支，适于商务场合中应用，或者说是一种包含了各种商务活动内容，适合商业需要的标准英文.而这些商务活动包括技术引进，对外贸易，招商引资，对外劳务承包与合同，国际金融，涉外保险，国际旅游，海外投资，国际运输等等，在这些活动中使用的英语统称为商务英语( Business English ) 二.商务文本的翻译标准商务文本的复杂性决定了商务文本的翻译标准必须是多元化的，不同的商务文体该有不同的翻译标准.翻译理论与实践课件1.商务广告的翻译：“劝购功能相似”广告的主要功能是劝购功能，即说服读者去买广告中所宣传的产品或服务.广告翻译是否成功取决它是否能在译文读者中取得同样的作用.广告翻译应以“劝购功能相似”为其基本原则，译文应与原文有大致相同的宣传效果，信息传递功能和移情感召功能.需要强调的是，由于语言之间存在的差异以及译文读者和原文读者的社会和文化背景不同，广告翻译的“功能相似”原则并不是要求字字对等的“忠实”翻译而是一种极为灵活的对等：即广告翻译的受众是否象原广告的受众一样乐于掏钱买商家所宣传的广告产品.例：We take no pride in prejudice.( The Times 的一则广告) 译文1:对于你的偏见，我们没有傲慢. 译文2: 对于有失偏颇的报道，我们并不引以为豪. 参考译文：正义的力量，舆论的向导.example example翻译理论与实践课件Pride in prejudice引用英国作家简.奥斯汀的名作《傲慢与偏见》,体现了《泰傲慢与偏见》体现了《引用英国作家简.晤士报》秉承公平，公正的办报原则，收到了很好的广告效果. 晤士报》秉承公平，公正的办报原则，收到了很好的广告效果. 但由于中西方的文化差异，使这种效果很难在译文中表现出来. 但由于中西方的文化差异，使这种效果很难在译文中表现出来. 译文1 傲慢与偏见》的两个关键词强加到译文中，译文1将《傲慢与偏见》的两个关键词强加到译文中，但却使人看了之后不知所云.译文二虽然表达了公平公正的意思，看了之后不知所云.译文二虽然表达了公平公正的意思，但给人的感觉是《泰晤士报》不总是报道真实的新闻.在这种既难保留的感觉是《泰晤士报》不总是报道真实的新闻. 原文，又难达到广告宣传目的的两难情况下，则可放弃原文，原文，又难达到广告宣传目的的两难情况下，则可放弃原文，采取另译的方法例句分析翻译理论与实践课件★商务广告的翻译Quality Services for Quality Life. 凝聚新动力，文康展新姿. 凝聚新动力，文康展新姿._香港康乐及文化事物署的双语广告Connecting People. 科技以人为本. 科技以人为本._诺基亚公司的广告词next翻译理论与实践课件2.商务应用文的翻译：约定俗成，入乡随俗. 商务应用文在此具体是指商务活动中的项目招商通告,营业执照,招投标文件,请柬等具有固定行文格, 式的商务文件.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
意译
在正确理解原文意思的基础上，摆脱原文 句子结构，重新遣词造句，把原文的意思用通 顺的译语表达出来。这种翻译方法就是“意 译”。注意把握分寸，不得随意增删内容或篡 改原意。 是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为 了表达的需要，对原文作相应的调整。强调译
文的效果，不求形式对应，只求语言在深层次 中的对应。
使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。(泰特勒，1790)
Eugene A. Nida Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural② equivalence ③ of the source-language message ①, first in terms of meaning④ and secondly in terms of style⑤. [1]再现原文的信息（message）,而不是保持原文的形 式结构 [2]closet, natural [3] equivalence 对等；对等≠同一 [4] meaning first [5] style is also important
汉英翻译 Chinese-English Translation
如何提高汉译英能力
通过大量阅读（包括精读和泛读），扩大积 极词汇量，熟悉英语表达习惯。 在阅读与翻译实践中多留意总结汉英两种语 言之间的差异，熟悉汉语和英语语言背后的 思维模式。 翻译不仅是跨语言而且是跨文化的交流，所 以要通过各种方式扩大知识面，提高对英语、 汉语两种背后的文化的熟悉程度。 在阅读中了解和熟悉不同风格的英语的行文 特点。
静夜思 床前明月 光， 疑是地上 霜。 举头望明 月， 低头思故
乡，
直译： In the still of the night I descry bright moonlight in front of my bed, I suspect it to be hoary frost on the floor. I watch the bright moon, as I tilt back my head. I yearn, while stooping, for my homeland more. 意译： Nostalgia A splash of white on my bedroom floor. Hoarfrost? I raise my eyes to the moon, the same moon. As scenes long past come to mind, my eyes fall again on the splash of white, and my heart aches for home. （翁显良 译）
1.1.3. 翻译的方法
直 译 literal translation vs. 意 译 free
translation
归化 domestication Vs.异化 foreignization
直译 literal translation vs.意译free translation
直译
语言层面 把原文的意思完整而又正确的表达出来，基 本上保留原文的语言形式（词语、句子结构、 修辞手法等）。 直译的优缺点 优：能传达原文意义，体现原文风格。 缺：译文冗长啰嗦，晦涩难懂。有时不能表 达原文的意思
直译、意译在成语和句子翻译中 的运用
山雨欲来风满楼 直译：the wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains 意译： a turbulent situation foretells a big event; coming events cast their shadows before. 树倒猢狲散。 直译： When the tree falls, the monkeys scatter. 意译： Members run away when the family/ constitution falls; when an influential person falls frown power, his hangers-on disperse.
翻译是将一种文字之真义全部移至另一种文字而绝 不失其风格的神韵。（吴献书，1949） 翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容 准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。（张培基， 1980） 翻译的实质是语际的意义转换。（刘宓庆，1990） 翻译的定义应该是：“将一种语言传达的信息用另 一种语言传达出来。”（蔡毅，1995） 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言 文字表达出来的文化活动。（王克非，1997） 翻译是语际之间的信息传递和语族之间的文化交流。 （萧立明，2001）
Reflections
1. 翻译是一种语言活动过程，同时又是该 活动的结果。 2.翻译过程不仅涉及两种语言，而且还涉及 两种社会文化。 3.翻译是一项创造性地实践活动。 4.交叉学科。 5.翻译是一门艺术。
1.1.2. 翻译的类型
按语言分类： Intralingual translation 语内翻译 Interlingual translation 语际翻译 按活动形式分类： Translation Oral interpretation Machine translation 按翻译材料的文体分类： 应用文体、科技文体、论述文体、新闻问题、政论等 按处理方式： 全译、节译、摘译、编译、述译
第一章 第二章 第三章 第四章 第五章 第六章
绪论 词汇的英译 句子的英译 汉语特殊句式的英译 句群与段落的英译 篇章的英译
第一章 绪论
1.1. 翻译的性质和类型 1.1.1. 翻译的定义 1.1.2. 翻译的类型 1.1.3. 翻译的方法 1.2. 中西翻译简史 1.2.1. 中国翻译简史 1.2.2. 西方翻译简史 1.3. 翻译的标准 1.4. 翻译的过程 1.5. 汉英翻译对译者的要求 1.6. 汉英语言差异分析 1.7. 汉英翻译应注意的问题
不以规矩，不成方圆 You cannot draw squares and circles without the compass and square Nothing can be accomplished without norms and standards
冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 It takes more than one cold day to freeze three feel of ice. The trouble is deep-rooted/ Rome was not built in a dthe river of or wall fight to win or die/ fight a last-ditch battle/ put up a desperate fight
归化 domestication Vs.异化 foreignization
直译，意译，各有千秋，译者依据功能、
审美、读者层三要素，宜直译就直译，宜
意译就意译，能神游于规矩之内，亦能神
游于规矩之外，能循规蹈矩，亦能叛道离
经，方称得上翻译的行家里手。
天下没有不散的筵席
直译： No feast lasts forever . 意译：All good things must end.
杯弓蛇影 mistake the shadow of a bow in the cup for a snake self-created suspicion / imaginary fears
此地无银三百两 The 300 taels of silver are not buried here. The more is concealed, the more is revealed .
1.1. 翻译的性质和类型
1.1.1. 翻译的定义 1.1.2. 翻译的类型 1.1.3. 翻译的方法
1.1.1. 翻译的定义
The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one
language into another (从一种语言转换成另一种语言); Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language(转换成本族语或另一种语言)。 翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。
矮子里拔将军 pick a general from among the dwarfs select someone for lack of a better one
八字还没一撇 Not even the first stroke of the character 八 has happened. Nothing tangible is in sight/ things aren’t even starting to take place yet/ there’s no sign of anything happening yet/ things are still up in the air.
Alexander Fraser Tytler:
A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. 好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以 使译入语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同