宾语补足语用法

宾语补足语用法

宾语补足语是英语教学中的难点，也是高考的热点，更是书面表达中必须具备的一种句型结构。下面就宾语补足语用法进行以下归纳。

Ⅰ.使役动词后宾语补足语的用法

中学教学中最常见的使役动词有：make，have，leave。他们都表示“使得”，后面都可接宾语+宾语补足语的结构，但用法上有所不同。

一､make用作使役动词表示“使；使成为”时，可跟复合结构，即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词或名词､不带to的不定式､过去分词。

1. 我们推选他为我们足球队队长。

We made him captain of our football team.

2. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。

The news that our team had won made us very happy.

3. 大雨使得我们无法出去。

The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.

4. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。

The strange noise made us frightened.

5. 在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。

He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.

6. 什么东西使得草生长?

What makes the grass grow?

注意：过去分词作make的宾语补足语时，变为被动语态不用加to；但当不定式作其宾补时，变为被动语态一定要加to。

这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。

The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.

选择题：

1. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

2. The result of the entrance exams was not made ____ to the public until last Thursday.

A. knowing

B. known

C. to know

D. to be known

答案：1.B2.B

二､have 表示“使得……”，其后接宾语补足语，常用以下句型：

have sb. do sth.使得某人做某事

have sb. doing sth.使得某人一直做某事

have sth. done使得某事被做

填空：

1. The teacher had her ____(recite) the text again.

2. He wants to have his eyes ____(examine) tomorrow.

3. Be careful，or you’ll have your hands ____(hurt).

4. He had the girl ____(stand) in the classroom the whole morning.

5. He had the walls ____(paint) this morning.

答案：1.recite 2.examined 3.hurt 4.standing 5.painted

只能用doing的情况

1. 表示正在发生

Be quick. They have the car waiting for you at the school gate.

2. 否定句中表示(不能)容忍某人做……

I won’t have him cheating in the exam.

3. 表示某一时间内一直延续不断的动作

He had us laughing all through the meals.

选择､填空题：

1. I’ve had my radio ____ so soon because my father had me ____ it. A. repair；done B. repaired；do C. repairing；do D. repaired；done

2. You can’t have the horse ____ all the way. It’s too hot.

A. run

B. to run

C. running

D. to be running

3. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.

A. it

B. it repaired

C. repaired

D. to be repaired

4. We will have you ____(know) that the machine has been made ____(work) at full speed.

答案：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.know，to work

三､leave作使役动词，表示“使/让……保持某种状态”。

1. 用形容词作宾语补足语

出去时，不要关门。Leave the door open when you go out.

他的疾病使得他身体很虚弱。His illness left him very weak.

2. 还可用名词､介词短语等作宾语补足语

他父母去年双双去世，留下他成为一个孤儿。

His parents both died last year，leaving him an orphan.

3. 用现在分词作宾语补足语

他们走开了，让我一个人坐在那儿。

They walked off and left me sitting there alone.

他出去时，把他的文件摊在桌子上。

He went out，leaving his papers lying open on the desk.

4. 用过去分词作宾语补足语

Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened?

He left a few questions unanswered.

Ⅱ.感官动词后宾语补足语的用法

表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear，feel，find，listen to，look at，watch，notice，observe，smell，see等词后可以用省去to的动词不定式，现在分词及过去分词作宾语补足语。常见的句型有：(以hear为例)

hear sb. do sth.

hear sth. done

填空､选择题：

1. I’ve never heard the song ____(sing).

2. Do you smell something ____(burn)?

3. Tom saw his parents ____(get) into the car and ____(drive) off.

4. He was seen ____(drive) the car at high speed on the highway yesterday.

5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____next year.