非谓语的用法总结

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非谓语动词的用法总结

李靖

非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓

语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，

表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。

一•作主语（动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being,动名词做主语谓语动词用单数）

1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：

Playing with fire is dan gerous.玩火危险。（泛指玩火）

To play with fire will be dangerous玩火会发生危险。

2）用动名词做主语的句型：

It ' s no use/no /pdeidsure doing sth故没有用处/好处/乐趣

It ' s a waste of time doing做th 7良费时间

It is worth doing sth值得做某事

It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收

It is worth making an appo in tme nt before you g去之前预约一下是值得的。

3）不定式做主语的句型.

It is + adj +for sb to do sth.

比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如 considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wio单词出现

时。

It is silly of you to say so.

It is importa nt for us to lear n En glish well.

It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.

4）“Wh- + to不定式”可做主语。女口：

When to leave hasr i t been decided ye什么时候动身还没定呢。

Whether to drive or take the train s still a problem是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。

5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:

Seeing is believi ng.= To see is to belieVI 见为实。

Plan ti ng flowers n eeds con sta nt wateri ng.

但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致，

谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral说谎与盗窃是不道德的。

6）动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。女口：

——What made him an gry?

----- M ary' s /My/His/He/Their/ The boy ' s/ The president '

（marteitgriateigry.

7）过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必须加上being构成动名词，做主语。如：

Being_exposed_to_the_s|uni harmful to the skin

Being examined twice a yea whether it is a car, a bus or

the rule that every driver must obey in this city

经典练习：

1. It' s important for the figures ________ (update) regularly.

2. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times whensitbetter _____ (rema in)

sile nt.

3. It' s really stupid of you _______ (tell) him the news yesterday so it has been disturbing

him all the time.

4. _________ (un dersta nd)your own n eeds and styles of com muni cati on is as importa nt as

lear ning to convey your affect ion and emoti ons.

5. _________ (worry) about your grades dodsn help.

6. The engine just wont start. Someth ing seems ____ (go) wrong with it.

参考答案：1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4. understanding 5. worrying 6.to go 改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误

1. It's standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.

2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.

3. Know basic first-aid tech niq ues will help you resp ond quickly to emerge ncies.

4. Do well in an in terview will be an importa nt part of gett ing a place at uni versity.

5. He told us whether have a pic nic was still un der discussi on.

6. How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.

参考答案：1.在employ 前加to 2. Hear 改为Hearing 3. Know 改为Knowing

4. Do 改为Doi ng

5. have 前加to

6. preve nt 前加to.

二作定语

1) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式

后面需要有相应的介词，如：

The Brow ns have a comfortable hous e live in

2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：

a. 不定式表将来如：The car to be bought is for his sister.

b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any the only等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系，女

口：

He was the best mar to do the job.

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而它们也常跟不定式做定语，常见的有：promise, plan,

attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readineS S

I don' t trust his promise to come for a visit.

He said he had no pla n to go there.

He made an attempt to sta nd up.

Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.

3) 前置定语：V+ing可以表示正在进行，也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语：

the boili ng/ boiled water.正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水(表完成)

a good-look ing flower. 一朵好看的花儿(表特征)

the develop ing coun tries/ the developed coun trie发展中国家/发达国家