国外心理语言学课件10
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Carol is cook dinner for her family. Sharon is babysitting for hers neighbor. Tom is reading book in the bathtub. Janice is following a special recipe for the cake. Larry went the home after the party. The man allows his son watch T.V. I want you will go the store now. He came my house at six o’clock. Has the king been served his dinner? Did washed you your car this week?
Mode of acquisition
Native bilingualism - growing up in a two language environment Immersion - schooling provided in a non-native language Submersion - one learner surrounded by non-native speakers
Second language acquisition
Contexts of childhood bilingualism
Simultaneous
Both languages are acquired at the same time
Vocabulary growth of bilinguals is similar to that of monolinguals Some aspects of acquisition may be slowed, but by age of 4 typically caught up Doesn’t seem to matter whether languages are “related” or not (e.g., English - French versus English Japanese) Can achieve “fluency” in both languages
Models of the bilingual lexicons
Sequential acquisition
The second language is learned after a first language
When the second language (L2) is acquired is important Early versus late learning (e.g., see the Johnson and Newport study)
PSY 369: Psycholinguistics
Language Acquisition
Announcements
On-line Blackboard quiz for chapter 5 is now up.
You may take it 5 times, top score counts Due Thursday Mar. 1
Language dominance effects
Relative fluency of L1 and L2 may impact processing
Effects of the Critical Period
Learning a First language:
Under 7 years: perfect command of the language possible Ages 8 - 15: Perfect command less possible progressively Age 15 ->: Imperfect command possible
Second language learning
Fleຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidue, Yeni-Komshian, & Liu (1999)
Native Korean speakers moving to US Task: Listen to sentences and judge whether grammatically correct
Second language learning
Johnson and Newport (1989)
Native Chinese/Korean speakers moving to US Task: Listen to sentences and judge whether grammatically correct Concluded that around the age of 16 something happens Different factors operate on language acquisition before and after the age of 16
Tucker (1999) - multilinguals outnumber monolinguals
Researchers may refer to anyone who has or is learning a second language as a “bilingual”
Simultaneous bilinguals (learned two languages at the same time) Sequential bilinguals Developmental (Early) bilingualism (learned second language in childhood) Adult (Late) bilingualism (learned L2 in adulthood) Multilingualism (learned more than 2 languages)
What is the impact of knowing/using more than one language?
Factors affecting second language acquisition? What does the bilingual lexicon look like? Interesting effects in bilinguals Language transfer Language Interference Possible Cognitive advantages
But these claims are far from universally accepted
Learning a Second language
What if we already know one language, but want to learn another?
Adults learning another language typically have a persistent foreign accent – perhaps a critical period for phonology (Flege & Hillenbrand, 1984) Adults typically do better initially at learning a new language compared to kids, but kids typically do better over the long term (Krashen, Long, & Scarcella, 1982)
However Birdsong and Molis (2001)
Replicated the Johnson and Newport study in Spanish/English speakers. Did not find a discontinuity around the age of 16
Second language learning
Johnson and Newport (1989)
Native Chinese/Korean speakers moving to US Task: Listen to sentences and judge whether grammatically correct
Second language acquisition
Frequency of usage of both languages
How often and in what contexts do you use the two languages “Use it or lose it” - language attrition
Bilingual Representations
How do we represent linguistic information in a bilingual lexicon?
Probably depends on many of the factors just discussed Let’s look at some models and research focusing on the situation where L1 is dominant relative to L2
The L1 is already present in the brain Knowledge of the L1 can interfere with learning the L2 The L2 learning experience is different The social experience in learning an L2 is different
Exam 2 is Tuesday, Feb. 28.
Language development section includes information from Chapter 3, pages 72-87, & Chapters 4 & 5
Bilinguals & Polyglots
Many people speak more than one language
Types of sentences used
Past tense Plural Third person singular Present progressive Determiners Pronominalization Particle movement Subcategorization Auxillaries Yes/no questions Wh-questions Word order
Age and Second-language acquisition
mean score on English grmmar test
280 270 260 250 240 230 220 210 200
native 3 to 7 8 to 10 11 to 16 17 to 39
age of arrival
Second language learning
Johnson and Newport (1989)
Native Chinese/Korean speakers moving to US Task: Listen to sentences and judge whether grammatically correct
Second Language Acquisition (SLA) largely an independent research discipline since the 1970s
Bilinguals & Polyglots
What is different about learning L2?
Carol is cook dinner for her family. Sharon is babysitting for hers neighbor. Tom is reading book in the bathtub. Janice is following a special recipe for the cake. Larry went the home after the party. The man allows his son watch T.V. I want you will go the store now. He came my house at six o’clock. Has the king been served his dinner? Did washed you your car this week?
Mode of acquisition
Native bilingualism - growing up in a two language environment Immersion - schooling provided in a non-native language Submersion - one learner surrounded by non-native speakers
Second language acquisition
Contexts of childhood bilingualism
Simultaneous
Both languages are acquired at the same time
Vocabulary growth of bilinguals is similar to that of monolinguals Some aspects of acquisition may be slowed, but by age of 4 typically caught up Doesn’t seem to matter whether languages are “related” or not (e.g., English - French versus English Japanese) Can achieve “fluency” in both languages
Models of the bilingual lexicons
Sequential acquisition
The second language is learned after a first language
When the second language (L2) is acquired is important Early versus late learning (e.g., see the Johnson and Newport study)
PSY 369: Psycholinguistics
Language Acquisition
Announcements
On-line Blackboard quiz for chapter 5 is now up.
You may take it 5 times, top score counts Due Thursday Mar. 1
Language dominance effects
Relative fluency of L1 and L2 may impact processing
Effects of the Critical Period
Learning a First language:
Under 7 years: perfect command of the language possible Ages 8 - 15: Perfect command less possible progressively Age 15 ->: Imperfect command possible
Second language learning
Fleຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidue, Yeni-Komshian, & Liu (1999)
Native Korean speakers moving to US Task: Listen to sentences and judge whether grammatically correct
Second language learning
Johnson and Newport (1989)
Native Chinese/Korean speakers moving to US Task: Listen to sentences and judge whether grammatically correct Concluded that around the age of 16 something happens Different factors operate on language acquisition before and after the age of 16
Tucker (1999) - multilinguals outnumber monolinguals
Researchers may refer to anyone who has or is learning a second language as a “bilingual”
Simultaneous bilinguals (learned two languages at the same time) Sequential bilinguals Developmental (Early) bilingualism (learned second language in childhood) Adult (Late) bilingualism (learned L2 in adulthood) Multilingualism (learned more than 2 languages)
What is the impact of knowing/using more than one language?
Factors affecting second language acquisition? What does the bilingual lexicon look like? Interesting effects in bilinguals Language transfer Language Interference Possible Cognitive advantages
But these claims are far from universally accepted
Learning a Second language
What if we already know one language, but want to learn another?
Adults learning another language typically have a persistent foreign accent – perhaps a critical period for phonology (Flege & Hillenbrand, 1984) Adults typically do better initially at learning a new language compared to kids, but kids typically do better over the long term (Krashen, Long, & Scarcella, 1982)
However Birdsong and Molis (2001)
Replicated the Johnson and Newport study in Spanish/English speakers. Did not find a discontinuity around the age of 16
Second language learning
Johnson and Newport (1989)
Native Chinese/Korean speakers moving to US Task: Listen to sentences and judge whether grammatically correct
Second language acquisition
Frequency of usage of both languages
How often and in what contexts do you use the two languages “Use it or lose it” - language attrition
Bilingual Representations
How do we represent linguistic information in a bilingual lexicon?
Probably depends on many of the factors just discussed Let’s look at some models and research focusing on the situation where L1 is dominant relative to L2
The L1 is already present in the brain Knowledge of the L1 can interfere with learning the L2 The L2 learning experience is different The social experience in learning an L2 is different
Exam 2 is Tuesday, Feb. 28.
Language development section includes information from Chapter 3, pages 72-87, & Chapters 4 & 5
Bilinguals & Polyglots
Many people speak more than one language
Types of sentences used
Past tense Plural Third person singular Present progressive Determiners Pronominalization Particle movement Subcategorization Auxillaries Yes/no questions Wh-questions Word order
Age and Second-language acquisition
mean score on English grmmar test
280 270 260 250 240 230 220 210 200
native 3 to 7 8 to 10 11 to 16 17 to 39
age of arrival
Second language learning
Johnson and Newport (1989)
Native Chinese/Korean speakers moving to US Task: Listen to sentences and judge whether grammatically correct
Second Language Acquisition (SLA) largely an independent research discipline since the 1970s
Bilinguals & Polyglots
What is different about learning L2?