定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择

定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择----by 成都树德中学兰银清一）定语从句的概念：句中修饰限定或者补充说明名词或者代词的是一个句子，这个句子就是定语从句We can’t ignore the difficulties that/which lie ahead.All that I want is your happiness.What is the name of the man who just came in.I like those who smile a lot.There are a lot of students here whose parents work outside.This is the school where I used work.定语从句的先行词: 被定语从句饰限定或者补充说明名词或者代词引导定语从句的关系代词：who, whom , which, that, whose，as引导定语从句的关系副词：when, where, why，as二）如何选用关系代词？1.判成分如果定语从句需要主语或者宾语，就要选用关系代词who, whom（作宾语），that, which.2.确定先行词1)先行词如果指人选用who, whom(作宾语)或者that，在实际运用中多使用who; 先行词如果指物选用that或者 which，在实际运用中多使用that先行词（ｎ／ｐｒｏｎ）＋ｗｈｏ／ｗｈｏｍ／ｔｈａｔ1，Do you know the people_________ live next door ?2，This is the man _________I met on the train last week.3，It is a book_________ will interest children of all ages.4，I have found the car keys __________you were looking for.注意：(1）、在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系单词可以省略This is the man (who/that/whom) I met on the train last week.(2）限定性定语从句需要表语，用thatI am not the man that I was ten years ago.Wenzhou is not the place that it was 20 years ago.2) Whose 引导的定语从句当定语从句需要所有格（也可以理解为定语），则需要用whose。

只要定语从句需要所有格，先行词指人，指物，指地点都要whose。

先行词（ｎ／ｐｒｏｎ）＋ｗｈｏｓｅ6.We stopped to help some people ________ car broke down.7.I live in the house ________ door is red.8.You don’t need to look up every word ________ meaning is not clear.9.The school shop, __________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.（高考）注意：whose指物时， whose +n= the n of which/of which the n10.You don’t need to look up every word ________ meaning is not clear.= You don’t need to look up every word the meaning of ______ is not clear.11.We are introducing a new system, _________ aim is to cut costs.=We are introducing a new system of _______ the aim is to cut costs.12. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.13. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.14.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of_______ had taken more than three years.（高考）15.The newly-built cafe, the walls of ___________are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.三）如何选用关系副词1）判成分：如果定语从句不需要主语或者宾语，多半要选择关系副词2）确定先行词：先行词指地点用where; 指时间用when;指原因（reason）,用why.在定语从句中，when/where/why = 适合介词+which1，I will never forget the day when I first met you.=I will never forg et the day ______ _________ I first met you.2, This is the school where I once worked.=This is the school ____ ______ I once worked.3, Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me ?= Do you know the reason _______ ________which she doesn’t like me ?4.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_____ life has developed gradually.5. I live in a small city, ________ population are mostly migrants.(本人自编题)注意：1，先行词是时间、地点或者原因，但是定语从句需要主语或者宾语，则把先行词看成是指物，要使用关系代词that/which试比较：1）This is the school ________ I used to work.2）This is the school _______ I used to work in.3) Chengdu No. 9 Senior High School, ______ is a national key school, is where I used to work.4) Chengdu No. 9 Senior High School, _______ I used to work, is a national key school.5),This is the school __________I visited last week.6),I will never forget the days _________ we stayed together.7),I will never forget the days __________ we spent together in the summer.8), The reason _____________ he gave me sounds good.9),The reason__________ he dislikes me is that I tell exactly what I think of him.10).By 16: 30, ___________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold out.本人自编12), I would rather go to visit the factory next week, ________ I won’t be busy. (题)13）Finally, he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world.14) That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.15)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ______ it will keep for two or three weeks.2. 定语从句一般紧跟先行词，但是有时也可能被其它成分隔开。

(一定要找准先行词哦！)1）He is the only teacher in my office_______ has been to London .2）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.小试身手：3）Ellen was a painter of birds and nature, _______, for some reason , had withdrawn from all human society. （浙江高考）4）After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently neededclean water, medicine and shelter to survive.（江苏高考）5）Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.（全国卷）6）An ecosystem consists of the living and non living things in an area ______ interact with one another.7）The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.三.注意区别限定性和非限定定语从句限定性定语从句：对先行词起着修饰限定作用非限定定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用注意非限定定语从句不能用that1）He married a woman ___________ he met on a train.He married a very nice young engineer, _________he met on a train.2）Did you like the wine __________we drank last night ?I poured him a glass of wine, _______ he drank at once.3) The ball fell to Collins , _________ shot hit the post.4) Chengdu No. 9 High School, _________ I used to work , is a national key school..5) The summer of 1969, __________man first set foot on the moon, will never be forgotten.haven’t borne any fruit.(本人自编题)6) These apple trees, ____I planted three years ago,7) As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ___ is named after his grandfather.四）关系代词或者副词的选用的进一步讲解1. which 与as 的选择1).意义上的区别as 往往翻译为“正如”；which往往翻译为“这一点”。