电子信息类专业英语 翻译
电子信息专业英语(5)
山东信息职业技术学院电子工程系
计算机网络的优点(网络的主要功能)
The benefit of network is that it can transmit information rapidly and easily among widely separated people; people can share hardware and software resources on the network; a computer network can also provide high reliability by having alternative source of supply.
communication 通信 located in … 位于,坐落于 exchange
交换, 互换, 交流
山东信息职业技术学院电子工程系
say
adv 比方说,例如
Similarly, at a local level within, say, a single building or establishment, distributed communities of computer-based workstations use local communication networks to access expensive shared resources--for example, printers, copiers, disks, tapes, etc.--that are also managed by computers.
山东信息职业技术学院电子工程系
Unit Twelve Computer Networks
电子信息工程专业英语 课文翻译 Unit 05 译文
Unit 5 多址技术Unit 5-1第一部分:多址技术:频分多址、时分多址、码分多址多址方案用于使许多用户同时使用同一个固定带宽的无线电频谱。
在任何无线电系统中分配的带宽总是有限的。
移动电话系统的典型总带宽是50MHz ,它被分成两半用以提供系统的前向和反向连接。
任何无线网络为了提高用户容量都需要共享频谱。
频分多址(FDMA )、时分多址(TDMA )、码分多址(CDMA )是无线系统中由众多用户共享可用带宽的三种主要方法。
这些方法又有许多扩展和混合技术,例如正交频分复用(OFDM ),以及混合时分和频分多址系统。
不过要了解任何扩展技术首先要求对三种主要方法的理解。
频分多址在FDMA 中,可用带宽被分为许多个较窄的频带。
每一用户被分配一个独特的频带用于发送和接收。
在一次通话中其他用户不能使用同一频带。
每个用户分配到一个由基站到移动电话的前向信道以及一个返回基站的反向信道,每个信道都是一个单向连接。
在每个信道中传输信号是连续的,以便进行模拟通信。
FDMA 信道的带宽一般较小(30kHz ),每个信道只支持一个用户。
FDMA 作为大多数多信道系统的一部分用于初步分割分配到的宽频带。
将可用带宽分配给几个信道的情况见图5.1和图5.2。
时分多址TDMA 将可用频谱分成多个时隙,通过分配给每一个用户一个时隙以便在其中发送或接收。
图5.3显示如何以一种循环复用的方式把时隙分配给用户,每个用户每帧分得一个时隙。
TDMA 以缓冲和爆发方式发送数据。
因此每个信道的发射是不连续的。
待发送的输入数据在前一帧期间被缓存,在分配给该信道的时隙中以较高速率爆发式发送出去。
TDMA 不能直接传送模拟信号因为它需要使用缓冲,因而只能用于传输数字形式的数据。
由于通常发送速率很高,TDMA 会受到多径效应的影响。
这导致多径信号引起码间干扰。
TDMA 一般与FDMA 结合使用,将可用的全部带宽划分为若干信道。
这是为了减少每个信道上的用户数以便使用较低的数据速率。
电子信息工程专业英语Lesson 15 Memory (存储器)翻译
存储器是计算机存储程序和数据的一部分。
专业术语“memory”经常指的是位于计算机内部的存储。
它也被称为实际存储器或主存储器,并且表现为大量的KB。
每一KB相当于1024字节,并且每一字节相当于8比特。
主存储器的主要功能是作为CPU和计算机系统其他组件的媒介。
它类似一个桌面,你可以把干活急需的东西放在上面。
CPU只使用存储在主存储器的软件指令和数据。
正如你所知道的,主存储器是一个随机存储器,或者称为RAM。
这命名鉴于这么一个事实——数据在电子主芯片中可以随意存放和恢复,而且不管数据在何处,存放和恢复的时间差不多是相同的。
主存储器是一个电子设备生产的不稳定的状态。
当电脑关机了,主存储器就清空了;当打开时,主存储器能够接收和保留一份软件指令和所需处理的数据。
由于主存储器是一种波动形式,它取决于电源并且电源也可能在处理过程中断电,用户通常将他们的工作保存到永久性存储设备,如磁盘或硬盘。
通常来说,主存储器主要是用于如下几个目的:Storage of a copy of the main software program that controls the general operation of the computer(储存一份用于控制计算机一般操作的主要的软件程序)。
当计算机打开时,这份拷贝被加载到主存储器中,并且它一直在那里只要计算机打开。
临时存储的应用程序指令由CPU检索用于解释和执行t emporary storage of data that has been input from the keyboard or other input device until instructions call for the data to be transferred into the CPU for processing(临时存储的数据已经从键盘或其他输入设备输入,直到指令调用的数据被转移到CPU迚行处理)t emporary storage of data that has been produced as a result of process until instructions call for the data to be used again in subsequent process or to be transferred to an output device such as the screen,a printer,or a disk storage device(由于处理的结果,临时存储的数据已经产生了,在接下来的迚程或将被转移到一个输出设备例如显示器,打印机,或者一块磁盘存储设备,直到指令调用数据将再次被使用)几种半导体存储器芯片被用于主存储器中。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社nglish for IT and EE-08
(bps) of transmitted information in the sense that going to a
higher information rate requires a higher frequency. Thus, the first observation from the frequency line would be that, for optical carriers, which have frequencies in the hundreds of THz, information bandwidth is in some sense free. 信息的带宽在 某种意义上是 免费的 因此在较高的信息率要求较高 的频率这层意义上,要考虑传 输信息的每个bps成本问题
与用于信息传输的光学技术 的潜力有关的
仔细研究表8.1中的频率表可以看到各种用于信息传 A frequency line which gives the wavelengths , the frequencies
, and the photon energy p for the various regions of the frequency
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As wavelengths decrease to approach the size of circuit
components, circuit elements are no longer lumped, and leads
can act as reflective components and/or antennas and lumped
电子信息科学专业英语翻译
UNIT 1 Microelectronics and Electronic Circuits1-1Introduction to Microelectronics首先学习KEY WORDS.学习课文英文翻译成中文,并注意学习专业词汇。
Para. 1对太空的探索以及人造地球卫星的发展,增强了人们对减少电子电路的重量和体积的重要性的认识。
另外,即使电流在计算机中流得相当快,但是由于电子元器件之间的互联所导致的信号的时间延迟是不能不考虑的。
如果这种互联在尺寸上能减小,无疑会使计算机的运行速度更快。
Para. 2微电子学主要是使常规电路微型化。
比如一个运算放大器,包括许多彼此互连的分立器件,有二极管,电阻,象这样一个完整的电路,可以制作在一个很小的基片上。
这个完整的微型化的电路就称之为集成电路(IC)。
Para. 3IC体积小,重量轻,坚固耐用,稳定可靠。
它们比同等宏观电路(分立元件电路)需要更少的功耗和更低的电压。
因此,它们可以工作在更低的温度下,而在这种温度下,分立器件可能都不能正常工作,因为温度没有达到正常工作温度范围。
相应地,几乎不会产生寄生电容和延时,因为在IC中,器件之间地互联非常短。
维护起来跟简单,因为,如果在一个IC里边地器件坏了,通常用一个新的IC来替换坏的。
表面技术的大规模生产技术已经降低了许多IC的成本,因此,它们就跟单个晶体管一样便宜。
最后的结果就是,大部分常用的分立器件电路被IC所取代。
Para. 4有两种基本类型的IC:一种是独立IC,一种是薄或厚的膜状IC. 独立IC是构建在单个的半导体晶体的基片里边,通常用的是硅。
薄或厚的膜状IC是形成在一种绝缘材料的表面,像玻璃或者陶器。
还有一种混合的IC所包含的不仅仅是单个的基片。
在这里,这个词“混合”同样也指独立IC和薄或厚的膜状IC结合体。
Para. 5也可根据其功能不同对集成电路进行分类。
数字IC(也称为逻辑IC)通常用作开关,表示接通或关闭。
电子信息工程专业英语英译汉翻译
1 The transistor is what started the evolution of the modern computer industry in motion.晶体管开启了现代电脑工业的革命2 The storage cell only requires one capacitor and one transistor, whereas a flip-flop connected in an array requires 6 transistors.存储单元仅需要一个电容和晶体管,并而不像触发器整列那样需要6个晶体管3 There has been a never ending series of new op amps released each year since then, and their performance and reliability has improved to the point where present day op amps can be used for analog applications by anybody.从此以后每年都有新系列的运放发布,他们的性能和可靠性得到了提升,如今任何人都能用运放来设计模拟电路。
4 This is capable of very high speed conversion and thus can accommodate high sampling rates, but in its basic form is very power hungry.它具有高速转换能力,从而能适应高速采样速率,但它的基本形式非常耗电。
5 During the “on” period , energy is being stored within the core material of the inductor in the form of flux.在”on”阶段,能量以涌浪形式存储在电感的核芯材料里面6 The design goal of frequency synthesizers is to replace multiple oscillators in a system, and hence reduce board space and cost.频率合成器的设计目标是取代系统中多个振荡器,从而减小板卡面积和成本。
最新电子信息工程专业英语课文翻译(第3版)
电子信息工程专业英语教程第三版译者:唐亦林p32In 1945 H. W. Bode presented a system for analyzing the stability of feedback systems by using graphical methods. Until this time, feedback analysis was done by multiplication and division, so calculation of transfer functions was a time consuming and laborious task. Remember, engineers did not have calculators or computers until the '70s. Bode presented a log technique that transformed the intensely mathematical process of calculating a feedback system's stability into graphical analysis that was simple and perceptive. Feedback system design was still complicated, but it no longer was an art dominated by a few electrical engineers kept in a small dark room. Any electrical engineer could use Bode's methods find the stability of a feedback circuit, so the application of feedback to machines began to grow. There really wasn't much call for electronic feedback design until computers and transducers become of age.1945年HW伯德提出了一套系统方法,用图形化方法来分析反馈系统的稳定性。
专业英语(电子与信息工程类)翻译
1.As data networks advanced…also grew more complex.由于数据网络从面向终端的系统向分组交换、计算机与计算机连接的方向发展, 执行网络功能所必需的协议也变得愈来愈复杂。
2.An additional bit called a parity bit…during transmission.在每个字符的后面有时还包括一个称为奇偶校验位的附加位, 它们测试数据位在传输过程中是否被意外改变。
3.As already stated, with…downlink(FDD paired bands).如前所述, 在非对称通信量应用中, TD-SCDMA利用可用频谱的效率比其他3G标准高, 因为它在只利用一个频带(TDD单一频带)而不是两个独立的频带(FDD成对频带)进行上行与下行通信。
4.Although often simpler to implement, …digital modulation.虽然光纤系统的模拟调制易于实现, 但其效率较低, 且要求在接收端有比数字调制高得多的信噪比。
5.At present, the bandwidth…electronics ()is possible.目前传输100km的几吉赫兹的调制信号和传输300km的几百兆赫兹的调制信号都是可能的, 因此光纤系统的可用带宽并没有得到充分利用。
6.Both TD-SCDMA deployments-TSD…unpaired bands awarded.TD-SCDMA的两种部署——TSM和TDDCLR的数据速率、频谱利用率、覆盖率、移动性和可靠性等性能是一样的, 并基本上为所有取得非成对TDD频段牌照的运营商所采用。
7.Crossbar sw itching was carried…selection for all calls.纵横制交换由一个称为标志器的特定电路控制, 标志器提供整个号码的公共控制并选择所有呼叫的路由。
电子信息工程专业英语课文翻译
电子信息工程专业英语教程第三版译者:唐亦林p32In 1945 H. W. Bode presented a system for analyzing the stability of feedback systems by using graphical methods. Until this time, feedback analysis was done by multiplication and division, so calculation of transfer functions was a time consuming and laborious task. Remember, engineers did not have calculators or computers until the '70s. Bode presented a log technique that transformed the intensely mathematical process of calculating a feedback system's stability into graphical analysis that was simple and perceptive. Feedback system design was still complicated, but it no longer was an art dominated by a few electrical engineers kept in a small dark room. Any electrical engineer could use Bode's methods find the stability of a feedback circuit, so the application of feedback to machines began to grow. There really wasn't much call for electronic feedback design until computers and transducers become of age.1945年HW伯德提出了一套系统方法,用图形化方法来分析反馈系统的稳定性。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English for IT and EE-03
随着时间的推移,人们认识到 随着时间的推移, 电场和磁场是电磁场这一整体 的两个部分。 的两个部分。
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Once this electromagnetic field has been produced from a given charge distribution, other charged objects in this field will experience a force (in a similar way that planets experience a force in the gravitational field of the Sun). If these other charges and currents are comparable in size to the sources producing the above electromagnetic field, then a new net electromagnetic field will be produced.3 如果另外这些电荷和电流的大小与 产生上述电磁场的源是可比的, 产生上述电磁场的源是可比的,那 么将产生一个新的净电磁场。 么将产生一个新的净电磁场。 电磁场中其它带电 体就会受到一个力 的作用
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The electromagnetic field is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects. It affects the behavior of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. The electromagnetic field extends indefinitely throughout space and describes the electromagnetic interaction. It is one of the four fundamental forces in the nature (the others are gravitation, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction) 电磁场在空间无限延伸, 电磁场在空间无限延伸, 并描述电磁相互作用。 并描述电磁相互作用。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译
2
This figure shows both the silicon structures of these elements
and their graphical symbolic representation as would be seen
in a circuit diagram. The BJT shown is an NPN transistor,
任何实质性的数字逻辑(电路)都将十分 庞大,因为要在各种逻辑门中每实现一种 都需要多个晶体管。
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At the time of the invention of the transistor in 1947 by John
Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the only way
N型硅半导体掺入磷元素,而 P型硅半导体掺入硼元素。
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A transistor is constructed by creating a sandwich of differently doped semiconductor layers. The two most common types of transistors, the bipolar-junction transistor (BJT) and the field-effect transistor (FET) are schematically illustrated in Figure 2.1.
半导体材料上制作晶体管或二极管 所形成的小芯片用塑料封装以防损 伤和被外界污染。
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Small wires are connected within this package between the semiconductor sandwich and pins that protrude from the package to make electrical contact with other parts of the intended circuit.
(完整版)电子信息与通信工程专业英语期末必考翻译
1。
"In most cases, these signals originate as sensory data from the real world:seismic vibrations visual images, sound waves, etc。
DSP isthe mathematics,the algorithms, and the techniques used to manipulate these signals after they have been converted into a digital form.”在大多数情况下,这些信号来源于人对真实世界的感觉,比如地震的震动,视觉图像,声音波形等。
数字信号处理是一种数学工具,是一种用来处理那些将上述信号转换成数字形式后的信号的算法和技术.2.Fourier’s representation of functionsas a superposition of sines and cosines has become Ubiquitous for both the analytic and numerical solution of differential equations and for the analysis and treatment of communication signals 函数的傅里叶表示,即将函数表示成正弦和余弦信号的叠加,这种方法已经广泛用于微分方程的解析法和数值法求解过程以及通信信号的分析和处理。
3。
If f (t ) is a nonperiodic signal, the summation of the periodic functions ,such as sine and cosine, does not accurately represent the signal. You couldartificially extend thesignal to make it periodicbut it would requireadditional continuity at the endpoints . 如果f(t)是非周期信号,那么用周期函数例如正弦和余弦的和,并不能精确的表示该信号f(t).你可以人为的拓展这个信号使其具有周期性,但是这要求在端点处附加连续性4。
电子信息工程专业英语 课文翻译 Unit 04 译文
Unit 4 通信和信息论Unit 4-1第一部分:远程通信远程通信是远距离通信的信号传输,在现代,通常这个过程需要电子发射机发射电磁波,但是在早期远程通信包括使用烟火信号,鼓或旗语或日光仪。
今天,远程通信很普遍的,助推这一过程的设备如电视,无线电和电话在世界的许多地区都已很普遍。
还有连接这些设备的许多网络,包括计算机网络,公共电话网,无线电网和电视网络。
互联网上的计算机通信是众多通信的一个例子。
通信系统通常由通信工程师设计。
在这个领域中早期的发明家有Alexander Graham Bell, Guglielmo Marconi 和John Logie Baird。
通信在当今的世界经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用,通信产业的税收在世界总产值的比例已接近百分之三。
基本要素每个通信系统包括三个基本要素:采集信息并能将其转换为信号的发射机,传输信号的传输媒介,接收信号并能将其还原为有用信息的接收机。
考虑一个无线电广播的例子。
广播塔是发射机,收音机是接收机,传输媒介是自由空间。
通常通信系统都是双向的,一个设备既做发射机又做接收机,即收发器。
例如,移动手机就是一个收发器。
电话线上的通信称为点对点通信,因为只在一个发射机和一个接收机之间。
通过无线电广播的通信称为广播(一对多)通信,因为通信是在一个大功率的发射机和许多接收机之间。
模拟或数字信号可以是模拟的,也可以是数字的。
在模拟信号中,信号根据信息而连续变化。
在数字信号信息被编码为一组离散值(如,1和0)。
在传输过程中,模拟信号中的信息会因噪声而退化。
相反,只要噪声不超过一定的阈值,数字信号中的信息是不会丢失的。
这是数字信号相对于模拟信号一个关键的优点。
网络网络是由一个相互通信的发射机、接收机或收发机的集合。
数字网络由一个或多个路由器组成,路由器正确地将数据发送给用户。
模拟网路由一个或多个交换器组成,交换器在两个或多个用户间建立连接。
这两种网络都需要中继器,用于远距离传输时的放大或重建信号。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English for IT and EE-12
noise in fingerprint images and deliver increased accuracy in
real-time.1
研发对于指纹图像中噪声更稳健 并能实时提供更高精度的算法是 重要的。
extraction algorithm relies heavily on the quality of the input fingerprint images.
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In order to ensure that the performance of an automatic
fingerprint identification/verification system will be robust
with respect to the quality of the fingerprint images, it is
essential to incorporate a fingerprint enhancement algorithm in the minutiae extraction module.5
It is difficult to extract the minutiae points accurately when
the fingerprint is of low quality. Also this method does not
take into account the global pattern of ridges and furrows.
matching of the fingerprints. An input fingerprint is first
电子信息类专业英语翻译
1.This electron beam sweeps across each line at a uniform rate,then flies back to scan another line directly below the previous one and so on,until the horizontal lines into which it is desired to break or split the picture have been scanned in the desired sequence.电子束以均匀的速率扫描每一行,然后飞速返回去扫描下一行,直到把被扫描的图像按所希望的顺序分割成行。
2.The technical possibilities could well exist,therefore,of nation-wide integrated transmission network of high capacity,controlled by computers,interconnected globally by satellite and submarine cable,providing speedy and reliable communications throughout the word因此,在技术上完全可能实现全国性的集成发送网络。
这种网络容量大,由计算机控制,并能通过卫星和海底电缆实现全球互联,提供世界范围的高速、可靠的通信。
3.Transit time is the primary factor which limits the ability of a transistor to operate at high frequency.渡越时间是限制晶体管高频工作能力的主要因素4.The intensity of sound is inversely proportional to the square of the distance measured from the source of the sound.声强与到声源的距离的平方成反比。
电子信息类专业英语李白萍 翻译 Unite5 passageA
对空间和地球卫星的发展的探索已经增加减少电子电路的尺寸和重量的重要性。另外,即使政治部流动较快的计算机的信号的电子元件之间的互连的时间延迟是一个重要的考虑因素。如果互连减小尺寸,计算机可以以更快的速度进行操作。
2 microelectronics involves the miniaturization of regular electronic circuits . A complete electronic circuit ,an operational amplifier for example ,which contains larger numbers of individual interconnected components , such as diodes resistors, transistors,etc. may be formed on a very small single substrate. the complete miniaturized circuit is then called an integrated circuit
引进于1992年,索尼迷你光碟措施仅6.35厘米(2??.5英寸)的直径,但它可以被用来记录以及播放长达74分钟的音乐。它的小尺寸使得可以通过数据压缩的系统,它利用心理声学原理来消除数据是不正常的牛群被监听器有通过降低数据密度的五分之一,需要对传统的CDs.Mini,光盘只能用于自己的录放机。
u5
passage A
CD and CD-ROM
CD和CD-ROM
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a compact disc(CD) is a laser-read (also termed "optically read") data storage device on which audio,video,or textual material can be stored. although ithas been used primarily to record stereophonic sound and has supplanted the long-playing PHONOGRAPH record as the principal medium for music storage of massive amounts of many types of information .
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9单元 数字信号处理 Passage C Comparison of DSP and ASP
C篇 比较DSP和ASP
学号:20107600 姓名:章太元
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Passage C Comparison of DSP and ASP
Signals may be processed using analog techniques (analog
signal processing, or ASP), digital techniques(digital signal
processing, or DSP), or a combination of analog and digital
techniques(mixed signal processing, or MSP). In some cases,
processors, performing such functions as multiplication (gain),
isolation (instrumentation amplifiers and isolation amplifiers),
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detection in the presence of noise (high common-mode instrumentation amplifiers etc.), dynamic range compression (log amps, LOGDACs, and programmable gain amplifiers), and filtering (both passive and active). Several methods of accomplishing signal processing are shown in Figure 9.5. The top portion of the figure shows the purely analog approach. The latter parts of the figure show the DSP approach. Note that once the decision has been made to use DSP techniques, the next decision must be where to place the ADC in the signal path.
signal conditioning circuitry is required in order to prepare the
sensor output for further signal processing, whether it be analog or
digital. Signal conditioning circuits are, in reality, analog signal
analog signals using purely digital techniques, since all sensors
(microphones, thermocouples, strain gages, piezoelectric crystals,
disk drive heads, etc.) are analog sensors. Therefore, some sort of
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ASP vs. DSP Today’s engineer faces a challenge in selecting
the proper mix of analog and digital techniques to solve the signal
processing task at hand. It is impossible to process real-world
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The term mixed signal processing implies that both analog and digital processing is done as part of the system. The system may be implemented in the form of a printed circuit board or a single integrated circuit chip. In the context of this broad definition, ADCs and DACs are considered to be mixed signal processors, since both analog and digital functions are implemented in each. Recent advances in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) processing technology allow complex digital processing as well as analog processing to be performed on the same chip. The very nature of DSP itself implies that these functions can be performed in real-t,模拟和数字处理系统的一部分。该 系统可在印刷电路板或一个单一的集成电路芯片的形式实现。 在这个广泛的定义下,ADC和DAC被认为是混合信号处理器, 由于模拟和数字功能的实现在每个。在超大规模集成电路 (VLSI)处理技术的进展使得复杂的数字信号处理和模拟处理 的是在同一芯片上进行。DSP本身的性质意味着,这些功能可 以在实时执行。
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信号可以用模拟技术处理(模拟信号处理,数字技术(或 ASP),数字信号处理,或DSP),或一个组合的模拟和数字技 术(混合信号处理,或MSP)。在某些情况下,技术的选择是 明确的;在其他情况下,没有明确的选择,和二阶考虑可以用
对于DSP,使得它与传统计算机数据分析是它的速度和效率, 进行复杂的数字处理功能,如滤波,FFT分析,数据的实时压缩
the choice of techniques is clear; in others, there is no clear cut
choice, and second-order considerations may be used to make
the final decision.
With respect to DSP, the factor that distinguishes it from
traditional computer analysis of data is its speed and efficiency
in performing sophisticated digital processing functions such as
filtering, FFT analysis, and data compression in real time.