托福阅读长难句式中的复杂问题解析.doc

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托福阅读长难句式中的复杂问题解析
1.定语(包含后置定语与定语从句)
2.同位语
3.并列结构
4.that引导的各种从句
5.插入结构
6.独立主格
7.倒装句
8.强调句
9.虚拟语气
对于不同类型的难句,把握主干的方法也不一样。

以倒装句为例,主要有下列情况:
1.方位副词放在句首
Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from
ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in
medicine 。

2. 介词放在句首
Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept
cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate,
lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic
puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets 。

3. 形容词放在句首
Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well :that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness
with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities
into harmony 。

4. 过去分词放在句首
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made
before 1927 as “silent ”,the film has never been, in the
full sense of the word, silent 。

5. 现在分词放在句首
Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate,
or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans 。

句子倒装的目的主要有两个:
一是被提前的部分被强调,如上述的第四句:Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as
“silent ”,其中的accustomed 按照正常语序应该放在are 之后:Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before
1927 as “silent ”。

之所以将accustomed 提前,是为了强调它。


是为了句子的平衡,否则将导致头重脚轻的效果,如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。

以第五句为例,按照正常语序应该是:Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals
and cetaceans were missing until recently 。

但是这种句子结构比
较糟糕,因为主语及其修饰语过长( 从句首直到cetaceans) ,而谓语部分were missing until recently 较短,容易造成头重脚轻的效果。

第五句将missing 提前,避免了这个现象。

托福阅读中为了考试时能迅速把握句子的主干,需要实行更多的阅读和分析,每篇文章都是一次锻炼的机会,千万不可敷衍了事,明白它们的结构和意思,反复分析,考试时就能做到驾轻就熟了!。

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