高英(2)paraphrase复习资料

第一课

IV. paraphrase

1. And it is an activity only of humans.

And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings. (Animals and birds are not capable of conversation.)

2. Conversation is not for making a point.

Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. // In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.

3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.

In fact, a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.

4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.

People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are no t deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives.

5. it could still go ignorantly on

The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong

6. There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef

These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat. We call their meat beef．

7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.

The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. (新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗

撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。)

8. …English had come royally into its own.

The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.

9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.

T he phrase, the King’s English, has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. // The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people. 下层阶级在用这一名词时总带着一点轻蔑或讥

讽的味道。

10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.

There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.下层人民对文化上的专制仍是极为反感的。

11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “words will harden into things for us.”

There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. (For example, the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal.) 正如卡莱尔所说，始终存在着的一种危险

是，“对我们来说。词语会变成具体的事物”。

第二课

IV.Paraphrase

1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.

The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.

2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.

All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).

3. They rise out of the earth, they seat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.

They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.

4. a carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lighting speed.

Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.

5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jew. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.

6….every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury. Every one of these poor Jews treated the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.

7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.

However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.

8. I n a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human being. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.

9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.

No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas although the trips are inexpensive.

10…for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.