英汉对照分子生物学导论Chapter2

Complementary base pairs
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Antiparallel DNA strands 反向平行的DNA链
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The DNA double Helix / DNA双螺旋
2 nanometers
Base stacking
1 turn = 10 bases = 3.4 nanometers
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1) Nitrogenous base / 含氮碱基
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2) Sugar / 糖
No oxygen here !
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Ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides 核糖核苷酸 与 脱氧核糖核苷酸
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3) Triphosphate / 三磷酸
deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA )
ribonucleic acid
( RNA )
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Phosphodiester bond / 磷酸二酯键
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Three prime end and
five prime end 三一撇末端 与 五一撇末端
Sugar-phosphate backbone / 糖-磷酸骨架
Minor groove
Major groove
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Denaturation of DNA / DNA变性
1.4来自百度文库
1.3 Relative absorbance 1.2 at 260nm
1.1
Tm
1.0 65
70 75 80 85 90 Temperature
95
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Light absorbance by DNA
DNA对光的吸收
ssDNA
λ= 260nm
dsDNA
λ= 260nm
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Now showing Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids
File: biophoto7 \ Life \ Macromoleculs – Nucleic Acids (3’)
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Chapter 2 Nucleic acids
2.1 Properties of a Genetic
2.1 遗传物质的性质
Material
2.2 Nucleic Acids and DNA
2.2 核酸与DNA结构
structure
2.3 DNA as the Genetic Material 2.3 DNA作为遗传物质
2. It must be stable. 3. It must have some
capacity for change. 4. It must be able to be
copied.
1. 它必须能够保持如 何生产蛋白质的信 息。
2. 它必须是稳定的。 3. 它必须具有容忍变
化的能力。 4. 它必须能够被复制。
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It must have some capacity for change 它必须具有容忍变化的能力
MUTAtiOn
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4. It must be able to be copied 4．它必须能够被复制
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2.2 Nucleic Acids and DNA structure 2.2 核酸与DNA结构
Negative charges
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Nucleosome / 核小体
Chapter 7
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2.2.3 Structure of DNA / 2.2.3 DNA的结构
Hydrogen bonds
Double-stranded DNA
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Base pair / 碱基对
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2.2.1 Nucleotides / 2.2.1 核苷酸
N-glycosidic bond
Nucleotides are composed of three parts: 1) a nitrogenous base, 2) a sugar, and 3) a triphosphate.
2.4 DNA in the Cell
2.4 细胞中的DNA
2.5 RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
2.5 RNA（核糖核酸）
2.6 Experiments
2.6 实验研究
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2.1 Properties of a Genetic Material
1. It must be able to hold information for how to make proteins.
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1. Storing information / 保存信息
T
A
A
T
G
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1. It must be able to hold information for
how to make proteins 1．它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息
2. It must be stable / 2．它必须是稳定的
Lizard: 1,000,000 B.C.
Lizard: 2008 A.D.
NH2 65 1N
7 N
8
O
O
O
2 N 4 N9 3
5’ O-―P―O―P―O―P―O―CH2
O
O-
O-
O- HC
4’
CH 1’
CH 3’
CH 2’
OH OH
Adenosine-5’-triphosphate 腺嘌呤核苷-5’-三磷酸
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2.2.2 General Structure of Nucleic Acids 2.2.2 核酸的一般结构
No change !
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It must be stable / 它必须是稳定的
Age: 15
Age: 45 Age: 75
No change !
No change !
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3. It must have some capacity for change 3．它必须具有容忍变化的能力
2.3 DNA as the Genetic Material 2.3 DNA作为遗传物质
DNA Protein
Store information
Age: 15
Age: 45 Age: 75
Stable
No change !
No change !
AMUllToAwtiOn mutation
Easy replication