新高考英语专题1讲义 阅读理解 第1讲 细节理解 含答案解析

第二部分题型应对策略|精通四种题型解题技巧，有的放矢多拿分

第一讲理解文中具体信息——细节理解题

细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中非常重要的一种题型。细节理解题题干针对原文的具体叙述进行提问，主要考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、文章的主要事实或文中个别词句的理解能力，一般包括查找信息题、数字计算题等。

高考全国卷细节理解题题量统计考纲解读

年份

卷别

2019 2018 2017

(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容来说至关重要，同时

也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。

(2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，

以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。

(3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答

题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能

答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。全国卷Ⅰ 6 7 7

全国卷Ⅱ10 9 5

全国卷Ⅲ10 9 6

【考查特点】

Ⅰ.把握细节理解题常见的命题方式：

(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。

(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节。

(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。

Ⅱ.掌握细节细解题的考查角度：

(1)高频考点：直接信息题；综合细节题。

(2)低频考点：数字计算题；正误判断题；细节排序题。

[考向1]直接细节题——精准定位判细节

直接细节题即事实认定类细节题，该题型在原文中可直接找到答案，不要求考生对事实做出解释或者判断，只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。

常见的设问方式：

◆Which activity will you choose if...?

◆What will you/the students do on Tuesday/on the Capital City Bike Tour?

◆When can you see a play in Hebrew?

◆Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?

◆At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?

◆Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?

[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅰ·A片段)

Jobs for Youth

If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.

Who is eligible: Youth 15－18 years old in select communities(社区)．

Summer Company

Summer Company provides students with hands­on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.

Who is eligible: Students aged 15－29, returning to school in the fall.

21．What is special about Summer Company?

A．It requires no training before employment.

B．It provides awards for running new businesses.

C．It allows one to work in the natural environment.

D．It offers more summer job opportunities.

[解题思路]

第一步确定题干中的关键词

Summer Company

第二步根据关键词定位信息句

Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.

第三步比对选项确定答案

Summer Company的特别之处在于“它为经营新业务提供奖励”。

自主解答：B

第一步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。

第二步采取速读技巧快速定位原文信息，仔细比对选项和文中细节，进而确定答案。

[考向2]综合细节题——推理归纳定选项

综合细节题要求考生在原文中找到有关的信息，但同时需要将选项信息与原文句子进行语义上的转换，例如使用同义词、近义词或反义词表达相同的意思，这需要考生综合考虑，把握出题人的考查意图。

常见的设问方式：

◆Which of the following best describes...?

◆Why was...a success?

◆How does the writer recommend...to readers?

[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C片段)“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？”Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.

29．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?

A．To meet with her coworkers.

B．To catch up with her work.

C．To have some time on her own.

D．To collect data for her report.

[解题思路]

第一步确定题干中的关键词

prefer to go out，lunch

第二步根据关键词定位信息句

用prefer to go out和lunch寻读，可以定位在第三段，在第三段找到I just wanted some time to myself.

第三步比对选项确定答案

根据信息句可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间。

自主解答：C

第一步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。

第二步采取速读技巧寻找原文信息，将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，将确定的文章信息进行加工处理，进行进一步的辨别，进而确定答案。

[考向3]数字计算题——“加减乘除”巧破解

数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。

常见的设问方式：

◆How much should a couple with a kid pay a visit...?

◆How long st?

◆How much may they pay...?

[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)At present, the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively