部分倒装和完全倒装
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2.有些动词短语以副词out,in,up,down,away等结 尾,构成不及物动词短语。这时,为了使句子更形象, 常将这些副词提前到句首。这时,句中的谓语动词要放 在句子主语的前面,构成全部倒装。 如: Up went the rocket. 注意,这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词, 人称代词, 人称代词 也不能使用倒装结构。 也不能使用倒装结构。 如: Up it went.
4.具有否定意义的副词或连词(not,hardly,no sooner, not until, seldom,not once,at no time, never,little等) 置于句首时,句子(主句)采用部分 倒装。如: Little do we know about him. No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep. Seldom does he come back on Sundays. Not until he came back did I know about it.
二.部分倒装
1.用于疑问句中。如: How did you do that﹖ Did you see the film yesterday﹖ 2.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如果我 们将连词if省略,应把were, had, should提到主语前面。如: If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him. →Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him
3.用于as引导的让步状语从句中。as引导的让步状语从句引起的 倒装有以下几种形式: 1) 副词置于句首。如: Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it. 2) 动词原形置于句首。如 Wait as you may(=Although you may wait), he will not see you. 3) 形容词或名词置于句首。如: Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me. Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong. (注意:如果名词前有形容词修饰时,as 引导的倒装句中要保留 不定冠词。如: A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.)
部分倒装和完全倒装句
何谓倒装?
英语最基本的词序“主语部分+谓语部分” 如果把谓语动词放在主语前面,这就叫做倒装。
将谓语动词完全移至主语之前,称为完全倒装; 如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前, 称为部分倒装。
倒装的原因有二:
1)由于一定语法结构的需要,如疑问句: Have you known Mr. Davis long?你认识戴维斯先生很 久了吗? Where have you been?你刚才到哪里去了? 或者为了避免头重脚轻,如: Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat. 2)由于强调,如: Never have I heard such a funny story.我从来没听过 这样有趣的故事。 Only then did I fully understand what my father said. 只有到那时,我才充分理解我父亲讲的话。
5.so/neither/nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者, 其倒装结构为“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情 态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否 定意义)。如: She has finished her homework,so has her brother. She hasn’t gone there, neither/nor has he. (但如果so表示强调, 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性 时,其结构是“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动 词”,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或 物。如: She knows little English,so she does. 她英语懂得不 多。她的确如此。)
5.not only…but also… 连接两个并列分句时, 第一个分句应使用部分倒装。如: Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.
6.so…that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so所修饰的 形容词或副词,常将so 连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时, 主句要用倒装结构。如: He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others. →So fast does he run that he is faFra Baidu bibliotek ahead of others. He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book. →So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book. (全部倒装)
3.为了强调表示地点的介词短语,常将这个介词短 语放在句首,构成全部倒装。注意,这时句子的谓语 动词通常是不及物动词。 如: In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker. 4.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子 要用全部倒装。如: Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.
一、全部倒装
1.以here, there, now,then开头的句子,谓语动 词要放在句子的主语之前。这种句子中的谓语动词通 常是不及物动词。如: Here comes the train! There goes the bell bell! 注意:如果句子的主语是人称代词,则不能使用倒装 结构。如: Here it comes! / There it goes!