2020高考英语外刊报道专题4 溯源新冠病毒：蝙蝠如何练成“百毒不侵”(解析版 )

How do bats live with so many viruses?
溯源新冠病毒：蝙蝠如何练成“百毒不侵”读前导读：
Part1：高级实词分类记
名词类：
1.outbreak/ˈaʊt.breɪk/n. 爆发
搭配短语：the outbreak of the Second World War
搭配短语：an outbreak of disease
2.indication/ˌɪn.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/n. 标示；表明；显示
3.strain/streɪn/n.（病菌的）类型；品种；（肌肉）扭伤
4. trace/treɪs/ n. 痕迹；微量，少许
搭配短语：
a trace of smile一丝微笑
a trace of accent一点儿口音
a trace of emotion一丝感情
5.host/hoʊst/v. 提供场所、环境；n. 主人；房主，屋主；主持人；主办方；宿主
6.mammal/ˈmæm.əl/n. 哺乳动物
7.invasion/ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/n. 入侵，侵略
anism/ˈɔːr.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/n. 生物体；（尤指）微生物
9.inflammation/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/n. 炎（症）
10.sense n. 意思；感官
11.alliance/əˈlaɪ.əns/n. 联盟，联合
形容词和副词
1.previous以前的
2.eventually最后
3.disease-causing致病的
4.normally正常地
5.damaging破坏性的
6.weakened削弱
7.balanced平衡的
8.current现在的
9.essential本质的
10.equally同样地
动词
1.trace/treɪs/v. 追溯；查明…的起因；
2.host/hoʊst/v. 提供场所、环境；
3.float/floʊt/v. 漂浮；飘散
4.curtail/kɚˈteɪl/v. 限制；缩短；减缩
Part2：高级词汇拓展
1.indication/ˌɪn.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/n. 标示；表明；显示indicate（v. 指出，表明）
2.invasion/ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/n. 入侵，侵略invade v. 侵犯，入侵
anism/ˈɔːr.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/n. 生物体；（尤指）微生物organize v 组织；（古）形成有
机体
4.inflammation/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/n. 炎（症）flame n. 火焰；v. 气得脸涨红inflame v.
让...激动；让...更生气
Part3：高级短语荟萃
1.handle something called DNA sensing.处理一种叫做DNA感应的东西。

2.energy demands of flight飞行能量需求
3.release bits of DNA释放少量DNA
4.respond to回应
5.indicate an invasion of提示入侵
6. a disease-causing organism致病的有机体
7.weaken that system削弱这个体系
8.be very damaging to the body对身体伤害很大
9. a weakened response反应减弱
10.maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’保持“有效反应”的平衡状态
Part4：原汁文章思维能力提升训练
If previous outbreaks of coronavirus are any indication, the Wuhan strain that is now spreading may eventually be traced back to bats.
One bat can host many different viruses without getting sick.
In a 2018 paper in Cell Host and Microbe, scientists in China and Singapore reported their investigation of how bats handle something called DNA sensing.
The energy demands of flight are so great that cells in the body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would normally cause inflammation as it fought the viruses.
Bats have lost some genes involved in that response, which makes sense because the inflammation itself can be very damaging to the body. They have a weakened response, but it is still there. Thus, the researchers write, this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’ but not ‘over response’ against viruses.”
Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully, well aware that an outbreak like the current one would most likely happen.
Dr. Peter Daszak, president of Eco Health Alliance, who has been working in China for 15years studying diseases that jump from animals to people, stressed that stopping the sale of wildlife in markets is essential to curtail future outbreaks. But monitoring and studying wildlife, like bats, is equally important.
1、What does the word “inflammation”mean？
[ UC ] a condition in which a part of the body becomes red, sore and swollen because of infection or injury 发炎；炎症
2、What does DNA sensing mean?
cells in bats’ body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism.
3. How to curtail future outbreaks of similar viruses?
stopping the sale of wildlife in markets is essential to curtail future outbreaks. But monitoring and studying wildlife, like bats, is equally important.
4.Why do bats not die of the deadly viruses in its body?
this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’ but not ‘over response’ against viruses.”
Part5：报刊复杂句式剖析。

1.Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA, which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism.
翻译：包括蝙蝠在内的所有哺乳动物，都有办法识别这些DNA 片段，并做出反应，（因为机体会认为）这些片段或许标志着，某种引发疾病的微生物在入侵。

解析：本句是一个主从复合句。

主句为：Mammals have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA. 其中定语从句：which might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism.
修饰先行词：such bits of DNA.
2. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would normally cause inflammation as it fought the viruses.
翻译：然而研究人员发现，进化过程弱化了蝙蝠体内的这一系统，通常来说，这一系统会让机体在对抗病毒时，产生炎症。

解析：本句含有宾语从句的名词的名词性从句。

主干为：they found, evolution has weakened that system。

其中定语从句which would normally cause inflammation as it fought the viruses.修饰先行词：that system.
相关话题语法填空
China's internet giant Alibaba has launched free online medical consultation services in an effort 1._______________(receive) hospital pressure amid the novel coronavirus spread.
Users can access the consultation service and view real-time epidemic data nationwide from the National Health Commission on Alibaba's online shopping platform Taobao or mobile payment app Alipay.
Hundreds of professional doctors from all over the country are_2.____________(provide) services through the app, 3. _____________ more than 70 percent of them being respiratory and general practitioners, the company said.
As of 12:00 am Sunday, the service homepage 4. _____________ (receive) nearly 400,000 visits after 5. _____________(launch) for 24 hours, with 97 percent of them from Central China's Hubei province, where the epidemic is most severe, according to data from service provider AliHealth.
1._______________
2.___________
3.______________
4.__________
5.___________
【答案】
1. to relieve
2. providing
3.with
4. received
5. being launched
双语阅读
话题语法填空双语阅读
China's internet giant Alibaba has launched free online medical consultation services in an effort to relieve hospital pressure amid the novel coronavirus spread.
中国互联网巨头阿里巴巴推出免费在线医疗咨询服务，以缓解新型冠状病毒传播给医院带来的压力。

Users can access the consultation service and view real-time epidemic data nationwide from the National Health Commission on Alibaba's online shopping platform Taobao or mobile payment app Alipay.
用户可以通过阿里巴巴的在线购物平台淘宝或移动支付应用支付宝访问咨询服务，并查看全国范围内的实时疫情数据。

Hundreds of professional doctors from all over the country are providing services through the app, with more than 70 percent of them being respiratory and general practitioners, the company said.
阿里巴巴表示，来自全国各地的数百名执业医生正在通过该应用提供在线义诊服务，其中超过70%的执业医生属于呼吸科和全科医生。

As of 12:00 am Sunday, the service homepage received nearly 400,000 visits after being launched for 24 hours, with 97 percent of them from Central China's Hubei province, where the epidemic is most severe, according to data from service provider AliHealth.
据该服务提供商阿里健康的数据显示，截至周日中午12点，该服务主页上线24小时后收到近40万次访问，其中97%来自疫情最严重的湖北省。