(推荐下载)专业学位硕士研究生英语教程10
(新编研究生英语系列教程)研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版课件及课后答案lesson 10
② 在欧共体内，农业现在处于转折点。 Now farming is at a crossroads in the European Community.
2. Study in the same place. Once you have located a good place to study, try to study in this place regularly. You will find that you will become familiar with the surroundings and will begin to form associations between the place and the activity you perform there. Eventually, as soon as you enter the room or sit down at the desk, you will begin to feel as though you should study.
② 这所房子附带有5亩空地。 Five acres of land go with the house.
4. Stick to a routine, efficient study schedule. Studying at the same time each day will help you fall into the habit of studying more easily.
5. Do not study where you are too comfortable. If you study sitting in a lounge chair or lying across your bed, you may find it difficult to concentrate.
研究生英语读写教程(基础级)教学课件人大版Text B-Unit 10
Skim and Scan the text, and answer these questions:
▪ From the title, what do you predict the article might be about?
▪ Do you think what may lead to the scarcity of women’s voices in economics?
UNIT 10 ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT
研究生英语读写教程（基础级）
Why Women’s Voices Are Scarce in Economics
研究生英语读写教程（基础级）
Section I: Lead-in Activities Section II: Text Exploration Section III: Language Focus Section IV: Keys to Exercises
- Detail 2: The report, which was published by the American Economic Association’s Committee for the Status of Women in the Economics Profession, shows… (para.4)
pass legislation to tackle the gender pay gap.
pay women and men equally for similar jobs.
Writing-style: topics/main ideas-supporting details essay:
Writers use supporting details to give readers more information about their topics and main ideas. Supporting details help readers answer questions they have about the topic or main idea. A writer may use examples, statistics, definitions, comparisons, quotation, (direct academic study, indirect academic study summary )anecdotes (short, interesting stories), or other forms of support to explain a topic or main idea.
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级 第二版)lesson 10
10READING SELECTION AAmerican Values at the Crossroads注黄字体为课后生词[1]Faced with the rapid change and the fear and uncertainty that go with it, individuals(citizens) as well as(and)nation sometimes seek to return to the ways of the past as a solution. In the early 1980s the idea of returning to the ways of the past had a strong appeal to(attraction)many Americans who increasingly viewed their past as being better than their future. It has been observed that until the 1970s Americans generally believed that the present was a better time for their country than the past and that the future would better than the present; by 1978, however,public opinion polls showed that many Americans had come to believe that just the opposite was true: the past had been better for the country than the present, and the present was better than the future would be.[2] The popular(present)appeal(desire)of returning to the ways(styles)of the past as a solution (solve->solution) to the problems of the 1980s was demonstrated(shown)when Ronald Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980.Time magazine chose President Reagan as its "man of the year' and said of(commented)him: "intellectually, emotionally, Reagan lives in the past."[3] One of President Reagan's basic beliefs is that the United States should return as much as possible to its pre-1930 ways. In those times business institutions(organization)were strong and government institutions were weak. Reagan believed that American values of individual freedom and competition are strengthened by business and weakened by government. Therefore, his programs(goal/ objectives)as President have been designed to greatly strengthen business and reduce the size and power of the national government. By moving in this way toward the practices of the past, President Reagan believed that the standard of living of Americans would begin to improve once more(again)in the 1980s as it had done throughout most of the nation's history.[4] A number of leaders in politics, education, and the professions take a different approach (method)than does President Reagan. They believe that the nation must adopt(use/ make use of)new values to go along with(together with)the old values and that it must be prepared to make some changes in the old values when(it is)necessary.[5] What new values should be adopted? This is a very difficult question to answer. However, it became clear in the 1970s that there was no longer an abundance of cheap energy and that shortages of other essential(basic/most important)resources such as water were becoming more serious. These facts suggested(show)to many Americans that a greater value(should)be placed on the conservation of national resources, that is (namely/ i.e.), that Americans should save more of these resources by learning to use less and waste less.[6]Conservation has never been a strong American value. Because of the vast resources and space of North America, Americans came to believe that abundance was endless (unlimited). In such an environment, there seemed to be little need for conservation of resources. After World War II Americans believed that their modern technology could work(create)wonders and provide a never-ending increase in their standard of living. It is not surprising, therefore, that in the United States before the 1980s,conservation had little importance(when it is)compared with such other values as freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and the accumulation of material wealth.[7] There is some evidence that the experience of greater shortages of energy during the 1970s caused Americans to place more emphasis on conservation. For example, a poll(survey)taken at the end of the decade showed that 66% of Americans agreed with the statement: "I'm not unhappy about the possibility of shortages because I know it will encourage(urge)me to use everything efficiently and not wastefully."[8] Some people, however, believe that poll results like these reveal only part of the truth.Although Americans may agree with statements supporting the value of conservation, most of them are not yet applying these beliefs in their day-to-day(daily)actions (life).[9] Belief in conservation, therefore, is still weak(when it is)compared with other American beliefs. It can become stronger only as(when)Americans see the need for it more and more clearly. Conservation may well be (become)a new value which needs to be added to the old basic values in order to help the United States deal with its future problems.[10] A second belief which has never been strong among the American people is the belief that the value of cooperation on a national scale to achieve some important national(goal)objectives. The American idea of the national good(n./ benefit/ interest)has never been based on national cooperation but rather on the freedom of the individual. Americans, therefore, tend to think of the national good in terms of maintaining(keeping)those conditions that provide the greatest freedom for the individual. They believe that a nation of free individuals will be naturally strong and prosperous. Planned efforts at national cooperation, therefore, are not needed. More important, planned efforts at national cooperation would mean increasing the powers of the national government, which would endanger the freedom of the individual.[11] The American value of competition also hinders the development of a spirit of national cooperation. Even though competitive activity is supposed to(=should)be conducted(directed/ done) according to fair rules (fair play), it does not encourage a spirit of cooperation. Rather (instead/ On the contrary), it sometimes encourages a spirit of mutual suspicion(suspect)of the motives(purpose/ desire)of the others. A certain degree of trust in the motives of others is necessary for the success of efforts in national cooperation.[12] In time of war Americans have temporarily put aside their dislike of planned national cooperation. They have been willing to cooperate and make personal sacrifices under the direction (=leadership)of the national government to bring the war to satisfactory conclusion (=end). In peacetime, however, planned national cooperation is strongly resisted as a threat to individual freedom.[13] The almost (nearly) unique American historical experience gives us a deeper understanding of this attitude. Almost every nation in the world has had, or still has, the experience of being ruled by kings, emperors,dictators, or a hereditary class of aristocrats. Such rulers are not elected by the free votes of the people and they have the power to say what the national good is and to force their people to cooperate if they cannot persuade them to do so. Out of(among)these experiences there have developed traditions and habits of cooperation, sometimes for good purposes and sometimes for evil (bad/ wrong)purposes.[14] Americans have never had the experience of being forced to cooperate on a national scale by nonelected rulers. For a time, they were the colonists of Great Britain and were legally(bind)bound to obey rulers in England whom they did not elect, but the British government allowed the colonists a great deal of freedom and self-government by the standards of the day. Still(Furthermore)the American colonists were not long(soon)in demanding (requiring) more freedom and self-government, and finally declaring their independence in 1776. From the time of their independence, Americans have freely elected their rulers. The experience of being compelled to cooperate by unelected national leaders is completely foreign(strange)to their experience. They are fearful(=fear)that any scheme (plan) of national cooperation in peacetime will weaken or destroy their freedoms.[15] Americans have always viewed(considered/ regarded)cooperation as important in small groups such as the family, the neighborhood, or the church. But on the large national scale where government becomes involved, it is seen(considered/ regarded)as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.American tend to associate the greatness of their nation far more with such values as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and competition than with national cooperation.[16] Yet the demands(=needs)of the 1980s may compel (force) Americans to place(emphasize)a greater value on national cooperation. It may well be that some of the problems facing them, such as scarcity of resources and the dangers of air and water pollution, cannot be solved without a greater degree of national cooperation.[17] If Americans choose (=decide) to give more emphasis to national cooperation, they will probably be very cautious about it. In order to protect their freedoms, they will move slowly in a step-by-step, problem-by-problem fashion (way), rather than accept a sweeping new plan involving dramatic change. Because of their tradition of self-government, they will probably insist on(persist in doing sth.)a good deal of public discussion before any step toward national cooperation is taken.[18] Some observers believe that this slow, cautious approach may be too weak and too timid to meet the challenges of the future. Americans, however, believe that sudden revolutionary changes made in the name of(in the honor)the national good usually result in(lead to)dictatorships in which freedom is lost and problems remain unsolved.[19] In the 1980s Americans may have arrived at a critical point in their nation's history, where major dangers must be faced and major choices must be made.On the one hand, they will wish to avoid the risk of making too many changes in the basic values which have inspired(encouraged)them in the past. On the other hand, they must avoid what may be the greater risk of refusing to change their values at all even though conditions are changing rapidly all around them. The events of the past two decades have brought the American people and their basic values to a crossroads in their history. The last two decades of the twentieth century will determine where they will go from there. (1, 530 words) II. VocabularyA. Complete each the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the words given.注每个题目后面出现的相同标号的题目是备考查单词在课文里出现的原句1. He hoped to strengthen (strength) the position of the sciences in the leading universities.（1）Reagan believed that American values of individual freedom and competition are strengthened by business and weakened by government.（1）Therefore, his programs(goal/ objectives)as President have been designed to greatly strengthen business and reduce the size and power of the national government.2. We took an abundant(abundance) supply of food with us when we went hiking in the mountains.（2）However, it became clear in the 1970s that there was no longer an abundance of cheap energy and that shortages of other essential(basic/most important)resources such as water were becoming more serious.Because of the vast resources and space of North America, Americans came to believe that abundance was endless (unlimited).3.Conservation (conserve) is the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effect of human activity.（3）These facts suggested (show) to many Americans that a greater value (should)be placed on the conservation of national resources, that is (namely/ i.e.), that Americans should save more of these resources by learning to use less and waste less.Conservation has never been a strong American value.In such an environment, there seemed to be little need for conservation of resources.There is some evidence that the experience of greater shortages of energy during the 1970scaused Americans to place more emphasis on conservation.Although Americans may agree with statements supporting the value of conservation, most of them are not yet applying these beliefs in their day-to-day (daily) actions (life).Belief in conservation, therefore, is still weak (when it is) compared with other American beliefs.It is not surprising, therefore, that in the United States before the 1980s,conservation had little importance (when it is)compared with such other values as freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and the accumulation of material wealth.Conservation may well be (become) a new value which needs to be added to the old basic values in order to help the United States deal with its future problems.4. And if you're emotionally connected to it, you also get intellectually (intellect) connected to it; you want to learn more about it.（4）Time magazine chose President Reagan as its "man of the year' and said of (commented) him: "intellectually, emotionally, Reagan lives in the past."5. Relief (rescue/ relieve)workers are concerned over(=worried about)the shortage (short) of food and shelter in the refugee camps. (shelter sb. from sth./ seek refuge)（5）However, it became clear in the 1970s that there was no longer an abundance of cheap energy and that shortages of other essential (basic/most important) resources such as water were becoming more serious.There is some evidence that the experience of greater shortages of energy during the 1970s caused Americans to place more emphasis on conservation.For example, a poll (survey) taken at the end of the decade showed that 66% of Americans agreed with the statement: "I'm not unhappy about the possibility of shortages because I know it will encourage (urge) me to use everything efficiently and not wastefully."6. It is proposed(=suggested)at this conference that the law should impose penalties on companies that use energy wastefully (waste). [suggest sb. (doing) sth./ that sb do sth.]= [sb. (should) do sth.]（6）For example, a poll (survey) taken at the end of the decade showed that 66% of Americans agreed with the statement: "I'm not unhappy about the possibility of shortages because I know it will encourage (urge) me to use everything efficiently and not wastefully."7. It is hard(difficult)to believe that in this prosperous (prosper) country, hunger could be a serious problem.（7）They believe that a nation of free individuals will be naturally strong and prosperous. Planned efforts at national cooperation, therefore, are not needed.8. We must be careful not to do anything that might endanger (danger) the economic recovery.（8）More important, planned efforts at national cooperation would mean increasing the powers of the national government, which would endanger the freedom of the individual.9. This disease is hereditary (heredity), so chances are(possibly/ likely)that her daughter may suffer from it too.（9）Almost every nation in the world has had, or still has, the experience of being ruled by kings, emperors,dictators, or a hereditary class of aristocrats.10. The president relied on(=depend on)the coercive (coerce) powers of the military and the police to enforce law and order.（10）But on the large national scale where government becomes involved, it is seen (considered/ regarded)as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.B. Choose the best ward or expression from the list given for each blank. use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.bound to compel dictator constructive suspiciongo along with appeal accumulation endanger mutual注每个题目后面出现的相同标号的题目是备考查单词在课文里出现的原句1. The main appeal(attraction)these bonds hold for(is meaningful)individual investors is the safety and peace of mind they offer (give). (sth.appeals to sb.)（1）In the early 1980s the idea of returning to the ways of the past had a strong appeal to (attraction) many Americans who increasingly viewed their past as being better than their future.The popular (present)appeal (desire) of returning to the ways (styles) of the past as a solution (solve->solution) to the problems of the 1980s was demonstrated (shown) when Ronald Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980.2. He argues that Americans have been too compliant (=obedient), too willing(ready)to go along with politicians who would reduce their liberties (=freedom), not expand them. (statute of liberty)（2）They believe that the nation must adopt (use/ make use of) new values to go along with (together with) the old values and that it must be prepared to make some changes in the old values when (it is) necessary.3. Despite(=in spite of)these improvements the scientists say that the Baltic Sea continues to be "imperiled(endangered)by the long-term accumulation of toxic (poisonous) chemicals".（3）It is not surprising, therefore, that in the United States before the 1980s, conservation had little importance(when it is)compared with such other values as freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and the accumulation of material wealth.4. Toxic(poisonous)waste could endanger lives and poison fish.（4）More important, planned efforts at national cooperation would mean increasing the powers of the national government, which would endanger the freedom of the individual.5. The East and the West can work together for their mutual benefit and progress.（5）Rather (instead/ On the contrary),it sometimes encourages a spirit of mutual suspicion (suspect) of the motives (purpose/ desire) of the others.6. The authorities will be legally bound(bind)to arrest any suspects.（6）For a time, they were the colonists of Great Britain and were legally(bind)bound to obey rulers in England whom they did not elect, but the British government allowed the colonists a great deal of freedom and self-government by the standards of the day.7. In the United States cyclists are compelled to wear a helmet for the sake of safety. circle->cycle-bicycle（7）From the time of their independence, Americans have freely elected their rulers. The experience of being compelled to cooperate by unelected national leaders is completely foreign (strange)to their experience.Yet the demands(=needs)of the 1980s may compel (force) Americans to place(emphasize)a greater value on national cooperation.8. Following the fall of the military dictator in March, the country has had a civilian (<->military)government.（8）Almost every nation in the world has had, or still has, the experience of being ruled by kings, emperors,dictators, or a hereditary class of aristocrats.9. After their meeting, both men described the talks as frank, friendly and constructive(<->destructive; positive<->negative).（9）But on the large national scale where government becomes involved, it is seen (considered/ regarded) as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.10. He was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving. (suspect)（10）Rather (instead/ On the contrary), it sometimes encourages a spirit of mutual suspicion (suspect)of the motives(purpose/ desire)of the others.课文参考译文第＋课A处在＋字路口的美国价值观爱德华· N·卡尼[l]面对急剧的社会变化以及与之俱来的恐惧和不稳定感，无论个人还是国家时而都会想起以往的模式，以求应对。
研究生英语课程课后答案(专硕)
Unit 1Text AII. Language points1.How successful you’ll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation you’ve done. <Para. 1> If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations you’ve done in career planning.2.Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumble or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. <Para. 2> You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future.3.And while career planning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. <Para. 5>… don’t put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans.4.To help you with your career planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. <Para. 6> … consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible.5.Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged — and see if you can develop a common profile of these situations. <Para. 9> Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed— and try to generalize the features these situations have in common.6.Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when you grew up? <Para. 13> Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future?7.Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking.<Para. 13> Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear.8.Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research other careers/occupations that interest you. <Para. 13> You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside.9.Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your career or to make the move to a new career path. <Para. 18> Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing.10.If you’re not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, research job descriptions.<Para.18> If you’re not sure about the qualifications required in the new career, you should search job pos tings and jobadvertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviewsin which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position..11.Develop a timeline and action plans for achieving each type, being sure to set specific goals and priories. <Para. 20>Make a timetable and action plans for achieving each type of qualification you need and remember to set concrete goals and decide what should be done first.12.Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have or plan for today may notbe in demand years from now. <Para. 21> Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have mastered or you plan to master now may not be required or needed in the future.13.Long-range career planning should be more about identifying and developing core skills that employers will alwaysvalue while developing your personal and career goals in broad strokes.<Para. 21> When planning career for the long.run, you should focus on pinpointing and developing the essential skills in general that will always be valued no matter whom your employers are or how time changes.14.Here’s a collection of the best self-assessment tools, designed to give you a better idea of your attitudes and interestsas they relate to possible career choices. <Para. 25> The best collected self-assessment tools are developed to make you clear about your attitudes and interests related to the careers that you may choose.15.Some tools and resources especially for established job-seekers contemplating a career change.<Para. 26> In thesection of Career Change Resources, there are some tools and resources especially for those established job-hunters who consider changing careers.16.Taking the time to use a career journal is a fantastic way to conduct career planning on a regular basis. <Para. 31> Itis great to spend some time using a career journal to carry out career planning regularly.17.The concept of transferable skills is a vital job-search technique that all job-seekers should master, though theconcept is especially important for career changers and college students.<Para. 33> All job-hunters should master those skills that are needed to make transitions from school to workplace or from your current job to the next jobIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading Comprehension<1>According to the author, career planning is very essential because it functions as bridges built from one’s currentjob/career to his/her next job/career and with the bridges there is safety and direction.<2>The main idea of the passage:The passageoffers some basic guidelines for both short-term and long-term career planning.<3>Short-term career plan and long-term career plan are different. A short-term career plan focuses on a timeframeranging from the coming year to the next few years. It is characterized by developing realistic goals and objectives that can be accomplished in the near future. But long-term career planning usually involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation and focuses on and developing workplace core skills and identifying career trends.<4>In order to hold a positive attitude towards short-term career planning, you should free yourself form all career barriers,such as personal barriers, family pressure and peer pressure. And you shouldn’t put so much pressure on yourself because it may paralyze you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans.<5>Before you develop a picture of yourself and your career, you should analyze your current/future lifestyle,likes/dislikes, passion, definition of success, personality, dream job and current situation.2. VocabularySection A<1> on the move <2> In terms of <3> quintessential <4> perspective<5> priority<6> cloud <7> brainstormed <8> extravert, introvert<9> Reverting <10> timeframeSection B<1> A<2> B<3> C<4> C<5> A<6> D<7> D<8> A<9> C<10> A3. Cloze<1> right<2> not<3> wrong<4> First of all<5> knowledge<6> Only<7> no matter what<8> outperform<9> successful<10> higher<11> who<12> still<13> rather than<14> figure out<15> worst<16> Then<17> However<18> rehearse<19> more<20>instead of4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1> Although we failed this time, we should not be sunk in apathy, because as we all know, "failure is the mother ofsuccess.〞And we are all wedded to the belief that this failure will be the beginning of future success.<2>The idyllic Indonesian island is a beautiful combination of spirituality, natural beauty and a taste of the exotic.<3>Adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood, is always a critical time for everybody. So parents must pay1 / 432special attention to their children’s growth in this period.<4>Thank you for your really practical advice, but I still need time to reflect on it.<5>You’d better contemplate the related issues before making a final decision, and formulate a feasible action plan thatcan be fulfilled in one year.<6>In this English Speaking Contest, what impresses me most is that contestant 11 is a very fluent speaker of English, butit’s a pity that he fails to confine himself to the subject.<7>Neither difficulty nor failure frustrates his passion in his research. He was content to go as far as he could.<8>Anthropologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man and the apes branched intotwo distant species.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.We all have goals and aspirations. Sometimes we have difficulty knowing where to start. We want that new body, or want to be healthy and have more energy, but we just do not know what the first step is. In addition, the road to our goals is sometimes a rocky one. It is difficult to transgress and sometimes we just want to give up. We sometimes forget that our current situation did not occur overnight and so changing it will not happen overnight either. It will take time and hard work. Therefore, I suggest that you should set only one goal at a time.When you try to take on too much at once, you can become overwhelmed quickly. Create a list and take one goal at a time. Once you achieve that goal, back to your list to mark it off, and move to the next one. The act of achieving goals individually will give you a greater sense of accomplishment. You can even break the one goal into smaller parts. This gives you motivation and success more often than waiting for days or months to achieve a larger goal.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.每位求职者都需要花点时间远离日常繁忙的工作,仔细思量你的事业,为未来制定计划.无论你喜欢现在的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作,职业规划能够帮助你.职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和未来工作/职业的桥梁,没有这座桥,你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向；但有了这座桥,就有了安全的保证和明确的方向.2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕一位权威科学家警告说,机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理规X的监督和控制,以此限定机器人在一些敏感情境中的运用,比如看小孩、照顾老人以与作战等情境.〔2〕谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔·夏基教授警告说,机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能会导致〔被服务者〕与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津.〔3〕第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类；第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令,但不得违反第一条定律；第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己,但不得违反前两条定律.〔4〕但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现,不过机器人科学家已赋予了听命于他们的机器以准智能的特征,比如简单的言语识别、情绪表达以与面部识别等能力.〔5〕目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上.如果我哪怕认为他们会在智力上高出人类一等,我都不会有这些担忧了. Text BCareer Path: Acting Your AgeKey to the exercisesGuess the meaning of the word<s><1> troublesome<2> strenuous<3> handicap <4> similar in meaning<5> applies <6> commendable <7> saturated <8> intimidating<9> attracting <10> What’s moreTrue or false(1)T<2>F<3>T<4>F<5>F<6>T<7>T<8>F.Unit 2Text AII. Language points1.Even a modest space voyage, Dyson calculated, would set the average family back 1,500 years in wages. <P ara.1>According to Dyson’s calculation, even a modest and common space voyage would cost the average family wages of about 1,500 years.set back: cost <a person> specific amounte.g. My new car set me back $3000.2.The difference reflected the relative difficulty of space travel, but also the limitations of big government programs to do things on the cheap.<Para.1>The cost difference not only has showed space travel is much more difficult than the Mayflower’s voyage in 1620 and the westward journey of the Mormons in 1840s, but also prove d that government needs to reduce its spending on big and expensive programs and turn its attention to the programs that cost less money.3.Nothing has happened in the past 40 years to suggest that NASA has come any closer to the commercial sweet spot of the Colonial settlers. <P ara.2> In the past 40 years, nothing has shown that NASA’s has found its best solution to which it could start and develop its business just like early colonial settlers who found their place, Massachusetts, to settle down and made their living move on based on their settlement.A sweet spot is a place, often numerical as opposed to physical, where a combination of factors suggests a particularly suitable solution. In the context of a racquet, bat or similar sporting instrument, sweet spot is often believed to be the same as the center of percussion. In this context, sweet spot means a financially profitable situation. Colonial settlers found this sweet spot while NASA didn’t come close.4.The commission headed by Lockheed Martin chairman Norm Augustine that has spent much of the past year deliberating on NASA’s human spaceflight program… <Para.2>deliberate on: to consider /discuss or negotiate仔细研究,审议e.g. We had no time to deliberate on the problem.5....even though ending this program would send NASA’s international partners into apoplexy. <P ara.2>…even though ending the ISS program would make NASA’s international partners feel very angry.The apoplexy is an outdated medical term, which can be used to mean "bleeding〞. It can be used non-medically to mean a state of extreme rage or excitement.6.More embarrassing, with NASA’s space shuttle due to be mothballed in 2010, and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule, not due to fly until 2012, the partners face a two year gap in which they will have to rely on Russia’s Soyuz ships to commute to the space station.<Para.2> To NASA’s embarrassment, they had to stop using their shuttle in 2010 and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule cannot fly until 2012, so there will be a two year gap between 2010 and 2012, in which NASA’s international partners have to depend on Russia’s ship to come and go to the space station.mothball: to decide not to use or develop something, for a period of time, especially a piece of equipment or a plan 封存；搁置不用If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily.7.The shortfall may force NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators to a degree that’s unprecedented in its history.<Para.3> The shortage or lack of money may force NASA to get commercial operators involved in its space-exploration program to a degree that has never happened before.shortfall:n. 缺口；差额；亏空If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need.8.The move could create opportunities for the modern equivalents of Young and Bradford—entrepreneurs willing to risk their livelihoods on making the exploration of space affordable by not only designing and building ships for3 / 434NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to their targets. <Para.3>The move—NASA’s opening up its space program to commercial or private sectors— could create opportunities for upcoming modern entrepreneurs like Young and Bradford in the early times. They are willing to take a risk in spending much money, effort and even their lives on space exploration in order to get it started and moved on by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to meet NASA’s targets. 9.In the past, NASA has been deeply involved in managing design and development work by outside contractors, a messy process that made the shuttle expensive and unsafe, rather than cheap and safe. Now the agency is under pressure to step back and buy services wholesale from private firms.<Para.3>In the past, NASA has spent much effort and time asking outside contractors to design and develop space shuttles, which is a very complicated process making the space shuttle expensive and unsafe rather than cheap and safe. Now due to financial pressure, the agency has stepped back to entrust private firms to do all the business for NASA.10."We’re talking about a movement from where the government has been the prime contractor, managing situationswith a very hands-on role, to a situation where they are just a customer,〞says Larry Williams. <Para.3> We are talking about the movement —NASA has shifted it role from a major contractor who needs to do every detailed and practical work by itself to a customer who buys services wholesale from private firms.11.The next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft. <Para.5> The next step is toenable the private firms to send astronauts to outer space just like cargo that can be delivered.aloft:adj./adv.high in the air 在空中高处Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground.12.To do that, NASA will have to relinquish some of its oversight of crew safety. This isn’t entirely without precedent.<Para.5> In order to let private firms send astronauts into space, NASA will have to give uptheir responsibility of regulating crew safety. This has happened before.relinquish:vt.to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillinglyIf you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.oversight: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 负责；照管13.Space X claims it could adapt its cargo-carrying spaceship for ferrying a human crew in less than three years, once itgets the green light. <Para.6> Space X claims it could make some change to its spaceship so that it could send people to outer space in less than three years, once it gets permission.14.If Virgin and other commercial firms can deliver, Earth orbit will be far more accessible than it’s ever been before.Although it would still be a stretch for all but the wealthiest people, costs could come down low enough to jump-start markets for tourism. <Para.8> If commercial firms like Virgin Galactic can deliver man to Earth orbit, then Earth orbit would be much easier to get to than ever before. It would be open to nobody but the wealthiest people since only the rich can afford the high price,but the cost could be reduced so that it would become a rising market for tourism.15.The big sticking point, however, will be safety. Even though NASA holds the safety of its crew paramount, it stillhasn’t been able to escape the occasional disaster, like the loss of the Columbia shuttle and its crew in 2003. <Para.8> The key point is still the consideration of safety of its crew. Even though NASA regards the safety of its crew as the most important thing, it still hasn’t been able to avoid the occasional disaster, such as the loss of the Space shuttle, Columbia andits 7 crew members in 2003.16.…the space shuttle is unreliable, in part, because its all-purpose design is overly complex. NASA needs a biggerrocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a long-duration trip, beyond the tether of Earth’s gravity. <Para.9>… the space shuttle is unreliable partly because its space shuttle is designed for all- around purposes, such as carryingcargo or people, etc. And the process of design is extremely complex. NASA needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a longer trip, beyond the limitation or influence of Earth’s gravity.overly: too/ extremely17.It might be able to entice commercial firms to undertake their own big rockets if there were some payoff down theroad. <Para.9> Private firms might be attracted to build their own rockets to deliver astronauts to outer space if they could get profits..payoff:n. return; reward; payment18.Many seemingly ridiculous ideas for generating energy and beaming it back to Earth now seem much less so, thanksto the climate crisis. <Para.9> The ideas of generating energy and shining it back to earth, which used to sound very funny, but now seems much possible and necessary due to the consideration of the climate crisis.19.…the challenge of sending people safely into deep space and back for a profit is big enough to give any entrepreneurpause. <Para.10> … the challenge for private services to send people safely into deep space and back for making profits is so big that any entrepreneur would hesitate before they take their steps.give sb./sth. pause:使踌躇,使犹豫This finding should give pause to it. 这个发现令人深思.His recent behavior has given her pause about their relationship.他最近的行为让她对他们的关系产生了犹豫.20.The Industrial Revolution didn’t take off until the railways arrived. <Para.11>Here it means that the private sector will play an important role and do lots of work in deep space only if NASA gets it started.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension<1> In early times there was an essay comparing space travel to the colonization, but nothing can keep Dyson from makingameticulous effort to quantify and compare the costs of these vastly different ventures.<2>By presenting the relationship between FedEx and the U.S. Postal service, the writer wants to showthat NASA actually canpay private firms, like Space X to design and develop space program.<3>NASA opened up its space exploration program to commercial operators because NASA lacksfunding to keep its humanspaceflight program moving on and operating. So, it is the shortfall that forces NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators.<4>There are two steps that NASA is going to take after it begins working with smaller companies.The first is to get cargodelivered to space; the next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft.<5>Give your own comments.2. VocabularySection A<1> fanciful<2> eminent<3>meticulous<4>aloft<5>mogul<6> shortfall<7> quantify<8> relinquished<9> entrust<10> wholesaleSection B<1> C<2> B<3> C<4> D<5> B<6> C<7> B<8> D<9> C<10> B3. Cloze<1> predicted<2> pass<3> doubt<4> catch<5> running<6> high-lever<7> lag<8> convinced<9>assured<10> reasonably<11>dismissed<12> acute<13> called<14> offer<15> creation<16> feats<17> failed<18>lack<19> blame<20> boss4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1>By some estimates, 10 million Americans will be telecommuting in 5 years so that three quarters of a billion gallons ofpetrol could be saved.<2>Rogge also thanked the security forces that kept the Winter Olympic Games safe at the cost of about $310 million, a billthat increased following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.<3>Government has given our city a modern international airport capable of meeting our requirements far into the next century.<4>What makes parents worry is that some primary students keep indulging themselves in computer games day and night and5 / 436nothing can entice them from computers.<5>It’s an interesting suggestion for space program, but we need a bit longer time to give pause to it since it is so costly.<6>At present, government particularly needs to work on vocational training in various forms, open up new opportunities ofemployment and strive to assist as many laid-off workers as possible in finding new jobs.<7>A recent survey found 55 percent of those polled considered true love paramount in a relationship, while 45 percent stillbelieved in love at first sight.<8>Graduates are under great pressure before leaving college because of job hunting, poverty, emotional problems, schoolachievements and surroundings, etc.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.After the Soviet space program launched the world’s first human-made satellite <Sputnik 1> on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The U.S. Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to U.S. security and technological leadership <known as the "Sputnik crisis〞>, urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate measures. Several months of debate produced an agreement that a new federal agency was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency <ARPA> was also created at this time.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.首要任务是把货物送到太空. 美国航空航天局猎户星座航空舱仅是针对航天员设计的,所以把种子基金付给私人太空机构去实现把物品送到太空站.去年美国航空航天局就签订了两个合同, 一个是以16亿美元的价格委托美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX>为美国航空航天局12次发射运载火箭. 另一个是以19亿美元的价格委托美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕为其完成八次太空飞行任务.为了履行这一合同,美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX> 现正在组建猎鹰9号火箭助推器,以便运送无人驾驶的太空舱与太空站对接.太空员卸下货物后让其返回地球.美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕组建的类似的金牛座II火箭预计将在20##投入使用.威廉说："从美国航空航天局的角度来看,他们最终关心的不是你怎么收到了,而是想办法把送到.〞2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕太空项目的提案者早就有过这样的警告,逐渐增加的太空垃圾带最终会导致碰撞,就正如星期二所发生的,在西伯利亚上空500英里处,美国的一颗卫星与现已失效的俄罗斯卫星发生严重的撞击.〔2〕人类有惊人的乱丢垃圾的能力,但普遍存在的共识是：浩瀚的太空不会因为人类的行为而受到巨大的伤害.〔3〕我们的卫星在太空飞行的最高处离地球22000英里,当你知道这是地球到月球距离的1/10时,这一距离就听起来就不是很远的了.〔4〕每次即便是我们把一个小小的卫星送入它运行的轨道,伴随这一运载过程的也不仅仅是卫星.〔5〕一些政府机构的联盟,包括美国航空航天局、北美防空联合司令部,甚至美通讯委员会跟踪记录了星球上空的漂浮的所有垃圾,目前这些不断增加的垃圾让人无比地恐慌.Text BThe New Space Race<1> left / flied away from<2> hesitated<3> prevented or impaired<4> brought back to use/ revived <5> unfriendly/ hostile<6> made free from bacteria<7> space / vacancy <8>vulnerable / weak<9> a kind of metal element <10> filled with/ full ofTrue or false<1> T<2> F<3> F<4> T<5> F<6> T<7> T<8> FUnit 3Text A.II. Language points1. The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end.<Para. 1>The utilitarian principle is that happiness is worth obtaining and is the only thing worth obtaining as a purpose; all other things being so only as a way to obtain happiness.2.What ought to be required of this doctrine, what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill, to make good its claim to be believed?<Para. 1>What requirements should this principle meet, what are the necessary conditions this principle should accomplish to make its claim good for people to believe?requisite a. required by circumstances or necessary for successe.g. Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada?have/lack the requisite capital to start a business3.In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it.<Para. 2>Likewise, I think the only evidence we can possibly offer to prove anything to be desirable is that people do actually desire it.apprehend v. grasp the meaning of <sb./sth.>; understande.g. Do I apprehend you aright, i.e. Do you mean what I think you mean?sole a. one and only; singlee.g. the sole cause of the accidentthe sole survivor of the crash4.If the end which the utilitarian doctrine proposes to itself were not, in theory and in practice, acknowledged to be an end, nothing could ever convince any person that it was so.<Para. 1>If the purpose which the utilitarian doctrine itself intends to fulfillwere not accepted to be a purpose both in theory and in practice, then nothing could ever make anyone believe that it was so.5. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness.<Para. 2>We can give no reason why the general happiness is desirable except that each person desires his own happiness as long as he believes that it can be achieved.attainable a. that can be attainede.g. These objectives are certainly attainable.6.This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it is possible to require, that happiness is a good, that each person’s happiness is a good to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a good to the aggregate of all persons.<Para. 2>However, it is a fact that the general happiness is desirable, and we have not only all the evidence that the case agrees with, but all the evidence that it is likely to need,to prove that happiness is a benefit, that each person’s happiness is a benefit to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a benefit to all persons as a whole.aggregate n. total amount; mass or amount brought togethere.g. the complete aggregate of unemployment figures7.Now it is palpable that they do desire things which, in common language, are decidedly distinguished from happiness. <Para. 3>Now it is obvious that people do desire things which, in everyday words, are definitely different from happiness. palpable a. clear to the mind; obviouse.g. a palpable lie, errordistinguish v. recognize the difference between <people or things>e.g. People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.8.They desire, for example, virtue, and the absence of vice, no less really than pleasure and the absence of pain.<Para.3>For example, they want to have virtue and avoid vice as much as they want to have pleasure and avoid pain.vice:n. evil or unprincipled conduct; wickednesse.g. Greed is a terrible vice.9.The desire of virtue is not as universal, but it is as authentic a fact, as the desire of happiness. <Para. 3>Although the7 / 43。
现代研究生英语教程(外研社)U10_Text B
Book One
外语教学与研究出版社
overrun
vt. to seize the positions of and defeat conclusively (侵略军等)窜犯;横行于 e.g. Invaders overran the country. 侵略者在那个国家横行. vt. to run or extend beyond a limit set by 超越(期限,范围等) e.g. The speaker overran his time by ten minutes. 那位演讲者超过规定时间十分钟. vi. to run over; overflow. 泛滥;溢出 e.g. a river that always overruns during the flood season 在洪水季节总是泛滥的河流
Book One
外语教学与研究出版社
sweep away
push sth away with or as with a brush 扫除 e.g. Sweep that dirt away before the boss arrives. 在老板到达之前把灰尘扫掉. drive (sth or sb) away by the action of wind or water 将(某人或某物) 卷走,冲走 e.g. the flood swept away part of the bridge. 洪水冲走了一段桥梁. remove, abolish, by vigorous action 肃清,铲除 e.g. Newspaper editorials spoke of the need to sweep away corrupt practices in the government at all levels. 报纸社论指出,必须肃清各级政府的腐败行为.
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Unit 7BehaviorPreviewCheating or plagiarism is not new to us all. In such an age of information explosion，various new forms of plagiarism occur with the development of the Internet，and we develop corresponding antiplagiarism technology to counter them. The due blame and penalty，of course, lie on the plagiarists. But this seems not the whole story。
Should teachers be tolerant of such behavior? Or is it a right for plagiarists to choose plagiarism？Part I Text ReadingWarm-upI. What is plagiarism？ How to avoid it？College and university students are required to write research papers。
研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版课件第10单元
研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版课件第10单元全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Research indicates that effective reading comprehension is an essential skill for graduate students. The ability to understand and analyze complex texts is crucial for success in academia and beyond. In the third edition of the Graduate English Reading Tutorial, Unit 10 focuses on advanced strategies for improving reading skills. This unit covers a range of topics including critical reading, synthesizing information, and evaluating sources.One key aspect of Unit 10 is the development of critical reading skills. Graduate students are encouraged to go beyond simply understanding the main ideas of a text and to engage in a deeper analysis of the author's arguments and evidence. By questioning the text, identifying bias, and evaluating the validity of the author's claims, students can develop a more sophisticated understanding of the material.Additionally, Unit 10 emphasizes the importance of synthesizing information from multiple sources. Graduate students often encounter complex texts that present a variety ofperspectives on a given topic. By comparing and contrasting different viewpoints, students can develop a more nuanced understanding of the subject matter. This skill is particularly important for research projects and thesis writing, where students must engage with a variety of sources in order to develop a well-rounded argument.Furthermore, Unit 10 provides guidance on evaluating sources. In an era of fake news and misinformation, it is crucial for graduate students to critically assess the credibility of the sources they use in their research. By examining the author's credentials, the publication date, and the methodology used in a study, students can make informed decisions about the reliability of the information they encounter.Overall, Unit 10 of the Graduate English Reading Tutorial provides graduate students with advanced strategies for improving their reading skills. By developing critical reading skills, synthesizing information, and evaluating sources, students can enhance their academic performance and succeed in their future careers. Graduates who master these skills will be well-equipped to engage with complex texts, contribute to scholarly conversations, and make meaningful contributions to their fields of study.篇2Graduate English Reading Tutorial Advanced Edition Unit 10Unit 10 of the Graduate English Reading Tutorial Advanced Edition focuses on improving reading comprehension skills through the analysis of complex texts, reading strategies, and critical thinking exercises. In this unit, students will engage with a variety of texts that challenge them to think critically, analyze arguments, and draw connections between different ideas.The unit begins with an overview of the different types of texts that students will encounter in academic settings, such as research articles, essays, and case studies. Students will learn how to identify the main ideas and arguments in these texts, as well as how to evaluate their credibility and relevance to their own research projects.One of the key components of this unit is the discussion of reading strategies that can help students improve their comprehension and retention of complex texts. These strategies include skimming and scanning for main ideas, using context clues to infer meanings of unfamiliar words, and summarizing key points in their own words.The unit also includes exercises that challenge students to think critically about the texts they are reading. For example, students may be asked to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of an argument, identify logical fallacies, or consider alternative perspectives on a given topic.By the end of this unit, students will have developed a set of reading skills that will help them navigate the complex texts they encounter in their academic and professional lives. They will be better equipped to engage with challenging material, critically evaluate arguments, and draw connections between different ideas.篇3Research on Graduate English Reading Tutorial Advanced Third EditionUnit 10: Understanding Academic TextsIntroduction:Unit 10 of the Graduate English Reading Tutorial Advanced Third Edition focuses on understanding academic texts. Academic texts are an essential part of graduate studies as they provide the basis for research, critical thinking, and academic writing. Therefore, it is crucial for graduate students to developeffective reading strategies to comprehend and analyze academic texts.Key Concepts:1. Skimming and Scanning: Skimming and scanning are two essential reading techniques that can help graduate students quickly identify key information in academic texts. Skimming involves reading quickly to get an overview of the text, while scanning involves searching for specific information.2. Close Reading: Close reading involves a detailed analysis of a text to understand its meaning, structure, and arguments. Graduate students should pay attention to the author's thesis, supporting evidence, and the overall structure of the text.3. Critical Thinking: Critical thinking is a crucial skill for graduate students to develop when reading academic texts. It involves questioning assumptions, evaluating arguments, and synthesizing information to form your own opinions.4. Academic Vocabulary: Academic texts often contain specialized vocabulary that may be unfamiliar to graduate students. It is essential to develop a strong academic vocabulary to understand and engage with academic texts effectively.5. Note-Taking: Taking notes while reading academic texts can help graduate students organize information, identify key points, and create a reference for further research and writing.Strategies for Understanding Academic Texts:1. Preview the Text: Before reading an academic text, skim through the introduction, headings, and conclusion to get an overview of the main ideas and arguments.2. Identify the Author's Thesis: Pay attention to the author's main argument or thesis statement, which outlines the central idea of the text.3. Analyze the Structure: Look for the organization of the text, including the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Identify how the author presents their arguments and evidence.4. Highlight Key Points: Mark important information, arguments, and evidence while reading the text to help you remember and analyze them later.5. Engage with the Text: Ask questions, make connections, and challenge assumptions while reading to develop critical thinking skills and deepen your understanding of the text.Conclusion:Unit 10 of the Graduate English Reading Tutorial Advanced Third Edition provides graduate students with essential strategies for understanding academic texts. By developing strong reading skills, critical thinking abilities, and academic vocabulary, graduate students can engage effectively with academic texts and enhance their research and writing skills.。
《工程硕士研究生实用英语教程》课文-参考答案
综合英语（1）课后翻译练习参考答案（Unit 1-10）Unit 11. He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview.2. His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.3. The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing.4. When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.5. People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.6. Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.7. He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.8. We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday.9. Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past.10. At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy.Unit 21. Yesterday, a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa and began a 3-day friendly visit to the country.2. It is awfully funny to observe these caricatures which satirize social ills.3. Computers are one of the most useful teaching aids, for all your lessons as well as all the questions asked and all the answers provided can be shown on a screen.4. Zhang Li’s mother fell ill suddenly the day before yesterday, he sent for a doctor immediately.5. He failed in the college entrance examination last year, but he did not feel disappointed. Instead, he continued to study hard, passed the examination successfully and became a student in a famous university this year.6. There are many English words that this middle school student cannot pronounce correctly.7. In this new era of information explosion, we have to make constant efforts to renew our knowledge. Only thus can we become adjusted to the requirements of our work.8. With his shirt tucked into the top of his trousers and a leather bag tucked under his arm, the boy looked just like a boss.9. Although she is only eight years old, the little girl is already very good at calculating fractions. No wonder her parents feel very proud of her.10. All the neighborhood have heard about the news, but you haven't. Don't you think it is very strange?Unit 31. I am sorry I am late; I was at a meeting and couldn't get away.2. At the concert, whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.3. As a stylish dresser, she is always wearing stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks.4. The nurse tells me that the doctors have done wonders for your heart disease.5. When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind.6. This problem has bothered the experts for many years.7. The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.8. Since punctuality is a good habit, we should pay much attention to it and make great efforts to cultivate this good habit.9. The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were his own daughter.10. It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worded about.Unit 41. It is a systematic attempt to strengthen our competitive ability.2. The police in this district know where the thieves hang out.3. The agreements signed will break down all barriers to free trade.4. It was a very difficult situation, but he handled it quite successfully.5. He is my best friend. I just can't turn my back on him now that he needs my help.6. So long as you work hard, you are bound to succeed and realize your ambition sooner or later.7. Although he hates the job, yet he is determined to stick it out because he needs the money to support his family.8. That cancer patient kept an optimistic attitude towards his disease, persisted in combating it, and conquered it in the end.9. This university has a staff of more than 2000, including about 150 professors and over 500 associate professors.10. The concert was held to mark the 75th anniversary of the composer's death.Unit 51. That psychiatrist, who had talked about his patients, was charged with violating professional ethics.2. Hanging on the walls of the classroom are some famous sayings, which inspire and urge people to exert themselves.3. All kinds of commodities are available. Nothing is in short supply.4. We all trust the president of the board of directors, who is a man of absolute integrity.5. Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.6. The defendant couldn't account for the fact that the money was found in his house.7. When I saw that he was right, I had to back down.8. She has been appointed sales director, for she is both clever and diligent.9. One of the biggest challenges faced by the present government is that of creating more jobs.10. The enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stormed its stronghold.Unit 61. The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease.2. Don’t you think it a sort of stigma that you, already in your thirties, still have to depend on your old parents?3. Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the financial issue.4. With regard to the seminar on English teaching (the English seminar), I suggest we hold it at the weekend (this weekend).5. Whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you.6. Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.7. No matter what efforts the government has made, the price of housing has barely declined.8. In order to pass TOEFL, he has devoted every minute of his spare time to English studies.9. With his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment.10. It is believed that sibling jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one.Unit 71. I scrambled up the cliff for a better view of the sea.2. He lunged at the burglar and wrestled with him for the weapon.3. I figure that our national economy will continue to develop rapidly.4. The chairman made effort to reassure the shareholders that the company's bad results would not be repeated.5. Stop acting like a baby! Pull yourself together!6. Being very much a private man, he does not confide in anyone.7. We all hate the terrorists' indiscriminate violence against ordinary people.8. Many people in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crime.9. We anticipated that the enemy would try to cross the river. That was why we destroyed the bridge.10. I am indebted to all the people who worked so hard to make the party a great success.Unit 81. At Christmas people enjoy themselves very much; they visit one another and present each other with Christmas cards and presents.2. The walls of her bedroom and living room are all decorated with pictures of pop stars and film stars.3. Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly, but Tom teased her about her curly hair unmercifully.4. He had attained remarkable achievements which surpassed the goal he had set for himself.5. He kept crying bitterly and I tried to persuade him not to give way to grief.6. I took it for granted that you would want to see the play, so I bought you a ticket.7. They have relegated these problems somewhere down on the priority list.8. I am going to address the letter to Donna in care of her lawyer.9. I could not account for the lump in my throat as I was telling her the news.10. Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.Unit 91. Towering above all the others, this mountain peak commands a fine view.2. I have asked my friends to recommend a doctor who is good at treating children.3. The children were swinging on a rope hanging from a tree.4. Direct contact with the patients suffering from SARS must be avoided at all costs.5. Being cruel, treacherous, and unscrupulous, that terrorist committed murder, arson, and every crime imaginable.6. That old woman is always interfering in other people's affairs.7. After having several influential papers published, he became quite distinguished in the academic world.8. The huge outdoor amphitheater is an attractive place, where symphonies by great musicians are played every summer.9. He packed a briefcase with what might be required, while I packed a suitcase with all the things that might be needed.10. We Chinese usually associate the Spring Festival with family reunion.Unit 101. Some students longed to study what they want to, not what they are asked to.2. Many volunteers rendered a valuable service to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.3. The world economy is in a desperate situation, so all governments must take desperate measures to cope with it.4. Scissors, knives, matches and medicine must be kept beyond the reach of children.5. I always keep a sum of at least 1, 000 yuan on hand, in case of an emergency.6. Honest people despise lies and liars.7. It was a long time before I began to feel at home in English.8. Because of the financial recession, some of the entrepreneurs who are running small and middle-sized businesses are, so to speak, up to their necks in debt.OR: Because of the financial recession, some of those running small and medium-sized businesses are, so to speak, up to their necks in debt.9. He is a man who always mouths fine words about people to their faces and speaks ill of them behind their backs.10. I was greatly scared by the zest demonstrated by those radicals.。
研究生英语教材下册unit10
第一部分：概述概述部分可以简要介绍研究生英语教材下册unit10的背景和重要性，以及本文的主要目的和结构安排。
第二部分：词汇学习在这一部分中，可以列举出本单元中重要的词汇，并详细解释其意义和用法。
同时可以举例说明这些词汇在实际语境中的运用。
第三部分：语法学习本部分可以介绍本单元涉及的重要语法知识，比如时态、语态、句型结构等，对相关知识点进行详细讲解，并结合实例进行说明。
也可以介绍一些语法难点，并给出解决难点的方法和技巧。
第四部分：阅读理解这一部分主要针对本单元中的阅读材料进行分析和解读，包括文章的主题、观点、结构等方面，并提出相关的思考和讨论问题。
第五部分：写作训练本部分可以介绍相关的写作技巧和范文，对本单元中的写作题目进行详细分析，并提供一些建议和指导性的写作练习。
第六部分：口语训练在这一部分中，可以介绍一些口语表达技巧和模拟对话，帮助学生更好地运用本单元所学内容进行口语表达。
第七部分：综合练习本部分可以设计一些综合性的练习题，帮助学生巩固和运用本单元所学的知识和技能。
第八部分：单元总结在这一部分中，可以对本单元的学习进行总结，并指出学习中需要注意的问题和难点，为学生进一步的学习提供一些建议和指导。
第九部分：延伸阅读这一部分可以推荐一些与本单元内容相关的延伸阅读材料，帮助学生进一步拓展英语知识和提高语言能力。
第十部分：参考资料在文末列出本单元所涉及的相关参考资料，包括教材、词典、语法书等，供学生深入学习时参考。
在研究生英语教材下册unit10中，我们继续对各个部分进行深入的学习和探讨。
第二部分：词汇学习在本单元中，我们将学习一些有关环境和可持续发展的词汇。
我们将学习一些有关环境问题的词汇，如pollution（污染）、deforestation（森林砍伐）、global warming（全球变暖）等。
我们还将学习一些有关可持续发展和环保的词汇，比如renewable energy（可再生能源）、sust本人nability（可持续性）等。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级-第三版)-教学课件Lesson-10
Background Information
and used logic and reasoning to support his points. By the Way, BTW: “St.” in this context means “Saint”, a holy and virtuous person. It sometimes is used in lower case, saint, to a Christian believer. – Not to be confused in other contexts with “Street,” as in Broadway St., Broadway Street.
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Background Information
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
English physicist, mathematician, and natural philosopher, considered one of the most important scientists of all time. He formulated laws of universal gravitation and motion— laws that explain how objects move on Earth as well as through the heavens.
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Empedocles (490 BC?-430 BC) Greek philosopher, statesman, and poet.
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Karl Popper ( 1902-1994 ) Austrian-born British philosopher of science, known for his theory of scientific method and criticism of historical determinism.
研究生英语课程unit10
Unit 10Text AII. Language points1. New strategies to confront the perils of climate change reflect a sense of urgency and fresh perspectives. (para.1) New strategies to tackle the dangers brought about by climate change show that people feel that the climate problem is urgent and look at this problem from a new angle.2. On Wednesday, September 16, as part of an ongoing series on natural disasters, the Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement hosted a roundtable on the future challenges of climate change and the role of the international community. (para.2) On Wednesday, September 16, as part of series of actions being taken to deal with natural disasters, the Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement organized a discussion about the challenges brought about by climate change in the future and the role the international community plays in the battle against it.3. Rod Snider, of the American Red Cross, opened the discussion by outlining the rapid increase of natural disasters worldwide and the pressing need for adaptable international responses. (para.2) Rod opened the discussion by speaking of the rapid increase of natural disasters and the urgency of flexible international responses.4. Brookings Senior Fellow Elizabeth Ferris added to the discussion a response stressing the need for a rights-based approach with the specific intent to protect vulnerable populations affected by natural disasters. (para.2) Brookings Senior Fellow Elizabeth Ferris responded to the discussion by emphasizing that it is necessary to adopt an approach based on the protection of rights with the special purpose to protect populations easily influenced by natural disasters.5. Brookings Fellow Noam Unger moderated the discussion.(para.2) Brookings Fellow Noam Unger made compromises between different opinions in the discussion.6. In the current approach to natural disasters, gaining access to the affected region can be limited by a lack of coordination and adaptability. (para.4) In the present ways to deal with natural disasters, entering the areas hit by the disaster is limited because of a lack of cooperation and flexibility.7. However, he also noted that these efforts must expand their focus and look at recovery from the beginning.(para.5) However, these responses must expand their focus andconsider recovery from disaster in the beginning.8. Further, such efforts must involve the affected community in recovery activities in a real and participatory way. (para.5) What’s more, such responses must include local areas and let them participate in the recovery activities.9. In some cases, the government may have to physically relocate people to protect them from impending natural disasters.( para.7) Sometimes, the government may have to move people to other areas to protect them from imminent natural disasters.10. Ferris outlines the approach taken in the IASC Operational Guidelines to formulatea hierarchy of rights for people affected by a natural disaster. (para.8) Ferris gave ashort description of the approach taken in the IASC Operational Guidelines to express rights of different levels for affected people in a natural disaster.11. At the top of this hierarchy is the right to life, illustrating that physically protectingpeople must be a top priority. (para.8) Among those rights, the most important is the right to life. To ensure people’s li ves must be the first thing to consider.12. For example, sometimes, NGOs unknowingly replicate and reproduce the domesticcaste structure within their own staff, fostering inherent discrimination. (para.9) For example, non-government organizations unconsciously copy the hierarchical structure of their own country in their organizations, therefore, the discrimination within the organization itself develops.13. During the workshops, participants were able to see the human rights implications ofdisaster response and welcomed existing tools to assist them in adapting a rights-based approach.(para.9) During the practical work against natural disasters, participants were able to see the significance of human rights in disaster response and welcomed present systems to help them in making certain changes to find an approach based on the protection of human rights.14. …the international response is still very weak, as evidenced by th e lack of adesignated lead agency for protection in natural disasters. (para.10) …the international response is still not so effective, which can be proved by the lack of an appointed lead agency for protection in natural disasters.15. …ensuring that Dis aster Risk Reduction is a national and local priority. (para.12) ...guaranteeing that Disaster Risk Reduction is the most important thing both in a nation and in the local areas.16. Resilience is the key to empowering these vulnerable populations in the face of harshclimate change. (para.16) Flexibility is important to give these easily-hurt people power when they encounter the severe climate change.17. “The great tragedy of sustainable development is that we have not invented a politicsto go with it.” (para.17) It is a pity that our politics are not good enough to ensure the implementation of sustainable development.18. Cameron pointed out that an integral component has to be political will.(para.20)Cameron pointed out that for climate change strategies, one necessary thing is the will of politicians.19. Ferris noted that migration is likely to be an adaptation strategy. (para.21) Ferrisnoted that moving to other places is a strategy used to adapt to the severe climate situation.20. The potential of large-scale climate-induced migration raises major political, legal,economic, and security questions. For example, politically, migration could signal the “death” of nations, such as island states.(para.21) Moving to other places to live in large numbers due to climate change causes significant political, economic, and security problems. For example, from the political perspective, migration could be a sign that a nation is dead.21. Legally and economically, it is unclear what happens if a nation moves. (para.21) If anation moves to other places, the legal and economic significance is not clear.22. Finally, a clear discrepancy exists between those responsible for climate change andthose most affected by it.(para.22) Finally, a big difference exists between developed countries that emit most of the greenhouse gases and developing countries greatly influenced by climate change.23. Cameron pointed out that between these two groups, those vulnerable to climatechange are aware of their vulnerability but do not know what to do to combat it. To the contrary, those responsible for climate change know what to do to combat it, but have become complacent. (para.22) Cameron pointed out that between these two groups, those easily influenced by climate change realize their fragility but do not know what to do to fight against it. By contrast, those countries that emit most of the carbon into the atmosphere know what to do but have become too self-satisfied to take any action.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading Comprehension(1) The current international response lacks coordination and sustainable developmentapproaches. What’s more, it fails to protect the rights of displaced persons.(2) The discussion is about the future challenges of climate change and the role ofinternational community.(3) Rod Snider believes that international responses to natural disasters should not be limitedto a single model. Instead, the international community should take a holistic model, strengthen cooperation and share information together. At the same time, the affected community should be involved in recovery activities in a real and participatory way. (4) According to Elizabeth Ferris, to protect affected people, the most important thing is toprotect their rights to life. Once the right to life is guaranteed, the focus of international response can shift to other basic needs. And the international community should takerights-based approach to protect the rights of displaced people.(5) According to Edward Cameron, climate change is serious and should be tackled urgently.And developing greater coherence among different organizations and programs is essential.According to him, more long-term and sustainable approaches are needed after a natural disaster.2. VocabularySection A(1) holistic (2) refugee (3) hierarchy (4) coherence (5) synergy(6) sustainable (7) aftermath (8) convene (9) implement (10) reconcileSection B(1) B(2) A(3) D(4) C(5) A(6) C(7) B(8) D(9) A(10) B3. Cloze(1) binding (2) emissions (3) otherwise (4) preservation (5) allowing (6) intact (7) reality (8) avert (9) forests (10) but (11) average (12) as (13) deforestation (14) combined (15) impact (16) credit (17) insistence (18) avoid (19) tackle (20) inflict4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) In the international society, there is a trend that countries all over the world put their owninterests on top priority. Therefore, it is difficult for them to reach an agreement on the problem of tackling global warming.(2) The need for perfection and the desire for inner tranquility conflict with each other.(3) We should soberly rethink what we have done in the past, look to the future, review ourexperience, draw the lessons from it and seriously address the problems we are faced with at present.(4) In the face of adversity, courage and perseverance shown by people in the affected areaswin great respect from people all over the world.(5) In the aftermath of natural disasters，food in affected areas may become contaminated andconsequently be at risk for outbreaks of foodborne disease.(6) It is not true that suffering ennobles the character; happiness does that sometimes, butsuffering, for the most part, makes men petty and vindictive.(7) This conference centers on how to develop a low-carbon economy to realize thesustainable development of the whole society.(8) When it comes to mitigation of earthquake disasters, people’s governments at differentlevels shall strengthen leadership over the work and mobilize the relevant departments totake effective measures to protect people’s safety.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.During the summit, Maldives President Mohamed Nasheed said, “This is not a negotiation. This is different from the WTO negotiations. You cannot cut a deal with Mother Nature.” While the speech was being delivered, Maldives islanders were moving inland. Nonetheless, in contrast to the strong statements made by international businesses, count ries’ representative negotiators made careful government commitments. As Churchill said, “There are no permanent friends or permanent enemies, only permanent interests.” The national interests are putting great pressures on the negotiations. One long-time UN climate change negotiator expressed, “Internationalism is only reflected at the civic level; it is impossible at the national level.” Any country that takes the first step to give way faces large risks and would be labeled as being foolish.B. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.气候的变化引起了自然灾害的增加。
(完整word版)专业学位硕士研究生英语教程13
FriendshipPreviewFriendship is a unique relationship. In contrast to most other relationships, friendship is voluntary. There are legal and religious ceremonies for marriage, and social and legal rules for governing marital relationships. We have no parallel ceremoniesto recognize friendships and no formal standards to guide interaction among friends. The lack of social standards and recognition makes friendship a particularly challenging and exciting relationship.Text ReadingWarm-upKnowing friendship.Friendship is universal; a close friend is a close friend anywhere. There are qualities we all admire infriends, and things all of us would do for friends. Now share your views on friendship with your friends.1. In your country, where, when, or how did you first meet your friends? Circle as many as possible.a. childhoodb. within the familyc. sportsd. organizationse. schools 2. How many years have you known your closest friends?a. less than one yearb. one to five yearsc. five to twelve yearsd. twelve to twenty yearse. more than twenty years3. Circle five qualities that you think are the most important in a friend.a. sense of humorb. intelligencec. warmthd. physical beautye. loyaltyf. independence (i.e., not being too dependent on you)g. complete honestyh. similar religious beliefsi. similar political beliefsj. similar educati onal backgro und4. Which of the follow ing acti ons would probably end a frien dship of yours?Unit 13f. jobsg. neighborsh. college or universityi. partyj. classrooma. your lending money to a friend and not getting it backb. a frie nd beco ming invo Ived with some one you don't likec. your moving to a new placed. your frie nd gossip ing beh ind youII. Do you prefer going out with a group of friends or with one or two friends? Explain your prefere nces.TextRelationships: Friends and Acquaintance s①Deena R. Lev ine and Mara B. Adelma n[1] What do America ns mean whe n they use the word "frie nd"? The dicti onary defi nes it as: "one attached to ano ther by affectio n (love) or esteem (great respect and admirati on; a good opi nion of sb)", America ns, however, use the word more freely tha n the dicti onary defi niti on. A frie nd might be an acquaintance or an intimate (close) companion (a person who has similar tastes, interests, etc. to your own and whose compa ny you enjoy) that one has known since childhood. It is difficult todefine this word precisely (accurately) as it is used in American English, because it covers many differe nt relati on ships. "My frie nd and I took our kids to the park yesterday." "My frie nd told me about a won derful restaura nt." "My frie nd liste ned to my problems for two hours yesterday." We hear such daily uses of the word "friend" without knowing the quality (the standard of sth when it is compared to other things like it) of the friendship mentioned.[2] In gen eral, America ns have casual (without deep affecti on) frie ndly relatio nships with many people, but deeper, closer friendships with only a few. True friendships require time and commitme nt (a promise to do sth or to behave in a particular way), which many America ns lack. Therefore, they ofte n find it convenient to have frie ndly but less committed relati on ships, rather tha n many deep, close frie ndships. Un like the stereotype (a fixed idea or image that many people have of a particular type of pers on or thi ng, but which is ofte n not true in reality), America ns doin deed have close frie nds, but in additi on they have frie ndships that can be characterized as superficial (not concerned with anything serious or important and lacking any depth of understanding or feeling). Their shortage of time and their numerous (many) commitments to family, work, and eve n volun teer projects mean America ns have less time to pursue (seek) many close frie nds.Frie ndli ness Versus (v.s./ vs=aga in st) Frie ndship[3] Many people around the world characterize (con sider/ regard) America ns as frie ndly. America ns, especially in comparis on to certa in other cultural groups, tend to smile and talk easily with others eve n if they are stra ngers (in big cities, this is less com mon). For example, people waiting in lines (i.e., in the post office or in the grocery store) often strike up conversations② with each other. They may even disclose (to give sb information about sth, especially sth that was previously secret) personal information in encounters with strangers whom they will never see aga in. This seems unu sual (un com mon) to many foreig ners in the Un ited States. From their point of view, how can a pers on trust a stra nger eno ugh to chat freely and reveal pers onal in formati on? After all, in most of the world, strangers are not to be trusted.[4] The followi ng is an acco unt (descriptio n) of what an America n woma n lear ned about the America n man she was sta nding behi nd in a line in a post office. In about eight minu tes, he revealed that: (1) he wasmarried and his wife was about to have a baby; (2) he was un happy with his job as a salesma n and was con sideri ng a "mid-life" caree ③ cha nge (not un com mon in the Un ited States); (3) he and his wife were tryi ng to figure out (work out) if it would be better to work harder or totake more time off (take holidays, ask for leave) from work so that they could relax more.[5] This is perhaps an extreme example (eve n for many America ns) of how stra ngers reveal aspects (particular parts or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc) of their lives to each other. To many people around the world, this openness (frankness, the quality of not being confined or covered) would be considered abnormal (not normal, unusual) and even (suspect-〉)suspicious. Some would stereotype (vt. to form a fixed idea about a person or thing which may not really be true) this man and might say, "Well, he's a salesma n. What do you expect?" While many America ns would find his openness excessive, this type of person is not a rayi④.Diversity in Pers onal Relatio nships[6] In the United States, men and women socialize (to meet and spend time with people in a frien dly way, in order to enjoy yourself) relatively freely and develop a variety of relati on ships. To people from cultures where con tact betwee n the sexes is limited (or eve n forbidde n), this variety can be confusing. Single and married people of the opposite sex may be close friends and share pers onal problems without being roma ntically invo Ived. College stude nts and others may eve n live with some one of the opposite sex for practical reas ons only. That is, they may be frie nds (without any roma ntic connection) who feel that they are compatible (they can have a good relati on ship because they have similar ideas, in terests, etc.) as "roommates" or "housemates." In con trast, many men and women decide to live together before they are married to see how compatible they are. Some of these relati on ships end up i n (result in) successful marriages; others break up (end, dismiss) before (and some after) marriage. In many parts of the Un ited States (although not all), there are few restricti ons (limits) on the types of relati on ships people can have. This does n ot mea n that you will see non traditi onal relati on ships everywhere you go to the Un ited States. However, i n some of the big cities and in areas not characterized as "conservative (opposed to great or sudden social cha nge; show ing that you prefer traditi onal styles and values)," you will see a great deal of varietyof types of pers onal relati on ships.[7] In the United States, marriage relationships, of course, different from couple to couple, but there are some gen eralities (major characteristics) that can be made. Some married men and wome n con sider themselves to be best friends as well as spouses. This con cept is unu sual in some cultures particularly where the marriage is arranged or is a marriage of convenience基于禾U害关系的婚姻)⑤.Some foreigners in the United States have mentioned that is impossible for a spouse to be a best friend. On the other hand, some America ns hold the same belief, but probably not for cultural reas ons.[8] Many people remarry if they have been divorced or widowed (if sb is widowed , their husband or wife has died). Remarriage has no stigma (feelings of disapproval that people haveabout particular illnesses or ways of behaving) in the United States. In fact, some widowed or divorced people are en couraged by their grow n childre n to con ti nue to socialize and eve n remarry. In deed, many older people feel that they have a right to con ti nued happ in ess in pers onal relati on ships regardless of their age. Therefore, more people have bee n seek ing compa nion ships with new friends in their "golden years."⑥Mobility and Frie ndship[9] America ns are geographically mobile (able to move or travel around easily), and many lear n to develop friendships easily and quickly. Approximately (About) one out of every American families moves every year. People relocate (to move or to move sb/sth to a new place to work or operate) becausethey changejobs, attend distant colleges, get married, have children, or simply want a change in their lives. Perhaps as a consequenee (as a result), people sometimes form and end frien dships quickly. Stude nts atte nd two or three uni versities duri ng their un dergraduate (years) and graduate years may change their "circle of friends" several times. Likewise (二Similarly), people who cha nge their jobs, while keep ing one or two friends from the orig inal place of employme nt,may also cha nge their circle of frien ds.[10] Relati on ships based on a com mon activity may fade (to disappear gradually) or end whe n the activity en ds. Mothers may meet while droppi ng_their_childre n_off at nu rsery school and rema in friends until their kids go to different schools. The same holds (=is) true for neighbors who are closest frie nds un til one moves away. These frie ndships are not deep but are based upon shared (com mon) daily experie nces. Many America ns, in gen eral, do have en duri ng (last ing for a long time) friendships, but at certain points in their lives can be satisfied with transient (continuing for only a short time) relatio nships. In cultures where people have only lifetime frie nds (in part because they do not move from city to city), these temporary (lasting or intended to last or be used only for a short time; not perma nent) relati on ships are hard to un dersta nd. But many America ns move so ofte n that learning to make friends quickly becomes a necessary (survive->) survival skill.Notes①This text is adapted from Beyond Language: Cross-Cultural Communication, which helps stude nts un dersta nd and adapt to cultural differe nces and values whe n com muni cati ng with speakers of America n En glish.②to strike up a conv ersati on : to in itiate or beg in a conv ersati on.③midlife career: Midlife is a normal developmental life stage. At this stage, people may con sider a career cha nge in the U.S.④This type of pers on is n ot a rarity : It is com mon to meet this type of pers on in the U.S⑤a marriage of convenience: a marriage contracted for reasons other than the reasonsof relatio nship, family, or love. In stead, such a marriage is orchestrated for pers onal gai n or some other sort of strategic purpose, such as immigratio n.⑥golden years: the years after middle age.Word Bankaccount: n. a written or spoken description of an even书面或口头)报告acqua intan ce: a pers on that you have met but do not know wel相识，熟人affection : a feeling of liking for a person or place友爱，爱情commitment : a promise to do sth. or to behave in a particular wa承诺；责任；compatible : able to exist, live together, or work successfully with sth. or sb. else能共处的；能共存的；能相容的con servative: tending not to like or trust cha nge, especially sudde n cha ng 保守的，守旧的divorce: legal ending of a marriage 离婚esteem respect for or a good opinion of sb.尊敬，尊重excessive too much过度的，过多的gen erality : whe n what sb. says contains no details, and ofte n very little mean in 普遍性，通性intimate : having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship亲密的mobile: able to move freely or be easily movec 可移动的，易变的，机动的pursue: to follow sb. or sth., usually to try to catch or kill them 追随；跟随rarity : sth. that is very unusual, or the quality of being very unusua稀有relocate: to (cause a pers on or compa ny to) move to a new pla(换一个地方；重新安置reveal: to make known or show sth. that is surprising or that was previously secre展现，显示，揭示，暴露spouse a pers on's husba nd or wife配偶stigma: a stro ng feeli ng in society that a type of behavior is shamefu耻辱；瑕疵superficial : only on the surface of sth.表面的；肤浅的transient: lasting for only a short time; temporary 短暂的widowed: hav ing become a widow or a widower 守寡的；成为鳏夫的Phrases and Expressi onsattach to: to connect one thing with another系，连接break up : to stop a relati on ship突然)结束encounter with : to meet sb., especially when you do not expect i偶遇end up: to fin ally be in a particular place, state, or situatio n, especially without hav ing pla nned it以…结束，结果为…strike up : to start a con versati on or relati on ship with sb.交谈起来，结交起来Read ing Comprehe nsionChoose the best for each of the following .1. The authors say that America ns use the word "frie nd" differe ntly tha n the way the dictio nary defi nes the word. What do the authors mean by say ing so?A. America ns use the word "frie nd" in a n arrower sense tha n it is defi ned in the dictio nary.B. America ns use the word "frie nd" to refer to close frie nds.C. America ns use the word "frie nd" in a larger sense tha n it is defi ned in the dictio nary.D. The dicti onary defi nes the word "frie nd" in a wrong way.2. America ns have a few close friends because ___ .A. they are lazyB. they do not have timeC. they have many commitme nts to frie ndshipD. both B and C3. Accordi ng to the authors, how do many America ns behave with others eve n if they are stra ngers?A. They tend to be shy.B. They tend to smile.C. They tend to talk easily.D. Both B and C.4. In the Un ited States, marriage relati on ships areA. all the same C. arran gedB. differe nt from couple to couple D. mature5. The authors say that in the United States remarriage is considered normal, and they point out that grow n sons and daughters ofte n en courage their widowed or divorced pare nts to ____________ .B. buy gold D. travelA. stay home aloneC. con ti nue to socializeII. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you .America ns use the word "frie nd" more exte nsively tha n what a dictio nary defi nes. A friend might be an ⑴ acquaintanceor an in timate compa nion. They might call anyone that they know about a friend. They, however, have (2) casual and friendly relationships with many people but develop deeper and closer (3) relationships with on ly a few. America ns are frie ndly who easily start conv ersati ons with (4) strangers and sometimes share their life stories with them. Due to differe nt cultural backgro un ds, America n men and wome n have a (5) variety of relati on ships. Some might be life long frie nds but without sex con tact. Some might live together as sex compa nions without gett ing married in the end. Some America n (6) couples take themselves as best frien ds. More (7) divorced or widowed America ns remarried in their old ages.America ns make new frie nds easily and quickly because of (8) mobility. I n gen eral they do not (9) settle down in one place for good. They move from place to place for changing jobs, getting married, (10) attending universities or having children. Many of them do not have everlasting frien dship.VocabularyI. Choose the an swer that best completes each sen tence1. He had a deep ____ for his aunt.A. effectB. kindn essC. heartD. affectio n2. There has bee n a drop in public ___ for teachers.A. esteemB. affecti onC. loveD. i nterest3. A(n) ____ is a pers on you've met but you would not call him a frie nd.A. n eighborB. frie ndC. colleagueD. acqua intance4. The institution makes a _____ t o equal pay and opportunities for every employee.A. policyB. pla nC. commitme ntD. schedule5. This software may not be ____ with older operati ng systems.A. compatibleB. perfectC. falseD. legal6. Her biography _____ that she was not as rich as every one thought.7. He's a very ____ dresse —he always looks like he's weari ng his father's clothesA. fashi on ableB. moder nC. con servativeD. fancy8. She gave a thrilli ng ___ of her life in the jun gle.A. speechB. acco untC. prese ntati onD. lecture9. His dog became his closest ____ duri ng the last years of his life.A. en emyB. acqua intanceC. headma n10. Each of us may ____ happ in ess in a very differe nt way.A. defi neB. sayC. read II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessarysuperficial end up characterized pursue compa nion excessive reveal rare divorce tran sie ntmobility encoun ter stigma break up in timate1. Despite their superficial similarities, the two novels are in fact very different.2. The hun ters spe nt hours pursuing their prey.3. Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health problems.4. They got divorced after on ly six mon ths of marriage.5. Some n eck injuries cause total loss of mobility below the point of injury.6. We encountered quite a few problems at the beg inning.7. He started drinking heavily after his marriage broke up.8. He will end up in pris on if he steals.9. Steve has many frie nds but few intimate frie nds.10. This species of pla nt is beco ming in creas in gly rare.Tran slatio nPut the follow ing paragraphs into En glish.1 •朋友们都希望相互为伴，对彼此忠诚、无私。
(完整word版)专业学位硕士研究生英语教程08
Unit 8Literary WorksPreviewNobody grows old by merely living a number of years. They must have undergone disappointment and despair。
For them, life is truly a box of chocolates except that it is black and bitter：years wrinkle their skin，loneliness is taking away the dim light，and the reality is a horrible truth of vanity。
A clean and well—lighted place thus is the only refuge from the darkness of the world outside。
It is best to be a home，a bar, or a cafe with brandy and coffee served by the young generation。
Part I Text ReadingWarm-upI. Aging issueA trend towards an ever older population is sweeping the world. But far prior to this, some proverbs or sayings have showed their attitudes toward the aged. Guess the meanings of the following proverbs or sayings，and tell whether they are positive，negative or neutral with regard to the aged.1。
研究生英语课件以及课后详细答案第十单元
Globalization also poses tensions and dilemmas to countries integrated to the world economy. One tension of globalization is associated with the fact that in a more interdependent and interlinked world economy, any adverse global or regional shock, for example, the Asian and Russian crisis of 1997-98, is rapidly propagated to the other economies. The propagation mechanism at work can be a decline in the import volume and/or changes in the real price of commodities (oil, copper, timber, rubber, etc). Economies that depend heavily on a few commodities as their main source of export earnings and fiscal revenues can be hit hard by these shocks. This has been the case of Mexico, Indonesia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Russia with the drop in oil prices, and Chile with the decline in copper prices, to give some examples. Another transmission mechanism is asset markets. Highly integrated markets tend to transmit global, regional or local shocks much more rapidly than in past decades when financial markets were less integrated. As the volumes of financial intermediation and currency transactions are enormous nowadays, shocks can greatly be amplified in more or less synchronized fashion with destabilizing effects on many economies. Another tension of globalization lies in social effects. As globalization is often associated with increased instability of output and employment, this affects, among other things, job security. As labor income is the main source of earnings for the majority of population, job insecurity is socially disruptive and brings tension to the fabric of society.
10研究生英语系列教材_综合教程(下)主编熊海虹_教学课件第十单元 遇
Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action
Task 2
“Difficult-to-define” and “shoot-from-the-hip” are two compound adjectives, which are formed when two or more adjectives work together to modify the same noun. These terms should be hyphenated to avoid confusion or ambiguity and are only used before nouns. These adjectives usually appear in spoken English and newspapers. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English, using compound adjectives. 1) He had ____________________________ (那种乐天派的样 that happy-to-be-alive attitude 子) that made even his occasional mischievousness delightful. 2) There was _________________________ (一种“我不是跟 an I-told-you-so air 你 这样说过吗！”的神情) on his face.
Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action
amplify delineate strand supplant sweep through
高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit_10
countries? 3) Why do some people refuse to do what they think of as
高等院校研究生英语系列教材
综合教程（上）
INTEGRATED COURSE
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Unit 10 The Role of Education
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Content
Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project
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Reading Focus – Global Understanding
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Reading Focus – Global Understanding
Para 1: American society has a long-standing consensus about the value of education.
Para 2: Our society’s confidence in its institutions of higher education is clear from the generosity of government investment in research but it comes with expectation.
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Starting out
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程10
专业学位硕⼠研究⽣英语教程10Unit10GlobalizationPreviewWhen scholars write the history of the world in the last two decades, what do they think was the most crucial development?The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11? The convergence of technology and events that allowed India, China, and so many other countries to become part of the global supply chain for services and manufacturing, giving themselves a huge new stake in the success of globalization? And with this "flattening" of the globe, has the world gotten too small and too fast for human beings and their political systems to adjust in a stable manner?Part I Text ReadingWarm-upI. Facts about globalization.Globalization is the process by which the people of the world are unified into a single socie ty and function together. Decide which of the following phenomena are the facts of globalization.1. There are approximately 24,500 McDonald's restaurants in over 115 countries.2. It is estimated that participants of the Beijing Olympics has reached 11,468 involving 205 countries.3. More than 100,000 people joined a parade in 1999 to protest against a WTO ministerial meeting in Seattle.4. The Berlin Wall collapsed on November 9, 1989.5. Chinese fans enjoyed Harry Potter VI: the Half-blood Prince on the same day with fans around the globe.6. Columbus made a fourth voyage in search of the Strait of Malacca to the Indian Ocean on 11 May 1502.II. Three stages of globalization.For Friedman, globalization has undergone three stages which he classifies as Globalization 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0. Match the three eras of globalization with their featuresIII. Is globalization good or bad?Globalization has met praise and criticism since the beginning day. Read the following Pros and Cons about globalization, and voice your own idea.Pros:1. Increased free trade between nations.2. Increased liquidity of capital allowing investors in developed nations to invest in developing nations.3. Global mass media that ties the world together.4. Greater ease and speed of transportation for goods and people.5. Reduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effect.6. Reduction of likelihood of war between developed nations.Cons:1. Increased likelihood of economic disruptions in one nation effecting all nations.2. Threat that control of world media by a handful of corporations will limit cultural expression.3. Greater risk of diseases being transported unintentionally between nations.4. Spread of a materialistic lifestyle and attitude that sees consumption as the path to prosperity5. International bodies like the World Trade Organization infringe on national and individual sovereignty.6. Increase in the chances of civil war within developing countries and open war between developing countries as they vie for resources.Text11/9 Versus (vs/ v.s.=against) 9/11①Thomas L. Friedman[1] Reflecting on this past decade and a half, during which the world went flat, it strikes me that our lives have been powerfully shaped by two dates: 11/9 and 9/11.[2] These two dates represent the two competing forms of imagination at work (=working) in the world today: the creative imagination of 11/9 and the destructive imagination of 9/11. One brought down a wall and opened the windows of the world —both the operating system and the kind we look through. It unlocked half the planet and made the citizens there our potential partners and competitors. Another brought down the World Trade Center②, closing its windows on the World restaurant forever and putting up new invisible and concrete walls among people at a time when we thought 11. The dismantling (=demolishing, razing, ruining) of the Berlin Wall③on 11/9 was brought about (realized) by people who dared to imagine a different, more open world—one whereevery human being would be free to realize his or her full potential—and who then summoned (convoke, assemble, call, convene) the courage to act on that imagination.[3] Do you remember how it happened? It was so simple, really: In July 1989, hundreds of East Germans (seak->) West German embassy in Hungary. In September 1989,Hungary decided with Austria. That meant that any East German who got into to Austria and the free world. Sure enough, more thanon the East German government. When in November it announced plans travel restrictions, tens of thousands of East Germans converged (gathereds) on the Berlin Wall, where, on 11/9/89, border guards just opened the gates.[4] Someone there in Hungary, maybe it was the prime minister, maybe it was just a bureaucrat (official), must have said to himself or herself, "Imagine—imagine what might happen if we opened the border with Austria." Imagine if the Soviet Union were frozen in place. Imagine—imagine if East German citizens, young and old, men and women, were so emboldened (encouraged) by seeing their neighbors flee (escape) to the West that one day they just swarmed (a large group of insects, or people, moving together in the same direction) that Berlin Wall and started to tear it down? Some people must have had a conversation just like that, and because they did, millions of Eastern Europeans were able to walk out from behind the Iron Curtain④and engage with (join) a flattening world. It was a great era (time or age) in which to be an American. We were the only superpower, and the world was our oysters⑤(牡蛎). There were no walls. Y oung Americans could think about traveling,for a semester (term, one of the two periods that the school or college year is divided into) or a summer, to more countries than any American generation before them. Indeed, they could travel as far as their imagination and wallets could take them. They could also look around at their classmates and see people from more different countries and cultures than any other class before them.[5] Nine-eleven, of course, changed all that. It showed us the power of a very different kind of imagination. It showed us the power of a group of hateful men who spent several years imagining how to kill as many innocent people as they could. At some point Bin Laden⑥and his gang literally (actually) must have looked at one another and said, "Imagine if we actually could hit both towers of the World Trade Center at the exact right spot, between the ninety-fourth and ninety-eighth floors. And imagine if each tower were to come crashing down like a house of cards." Y es, I am sorry to say, some people had that conversation, too. And, as a result, the world that was our oyster seemed to close up like a shell. There has never been a time in history when the character of human imagination wasn't important, but writing this book tells me that it has never been more important than now, because in a flat world so many of the inputs and tools of (collaborate->) collaboration are becoming commodities (=goods, merchandise) available to everyone. They are all out there for anyone to grasp.[6] There is one thing, though, that has not and can never be commoditized—and that is imagination. When we lived in a more centralized, and more vertically organized, world—where states had a near (=almost) total (thorough) monopoly (the complete control of trade in particular goods or the supply of a particular service) of power—individual imagination was a big problem when the leader of a superpower state—a Stalin, or a Hitler—became warped [(of a person ) having ideas that most people think are strange or unpleasant].[7] But today, when individuals can easily access all the tools of collaboration and superpowerthemselves, or their small cells, individuals do not need to control a country to threaten large numbers of other people. The small can act very big today and pose a serious danger to world order—without the instruments of a state. Therefore, thinking about how we stimulate positive imaginations is of the utmost importance. As Irving Wladawsky Berger, the IBM computer scientist, put it to me: We need to think more seriously than ever about how we encourage people to focus on productive outcomes that advance and unite civilization—peaceful imaginations that seek to "minimize alienation and celebrate interdependence rather than self-sufficiency, inclusion rather than exclusion," openness, opportunity, and hope rather than limits, (suspect->) suspicion, and grievance (something that you think is unfair and that you complain or protest about). [8] Let me try to illustrate (show) this by example. In early 1999, two men started airlines from scratch (from the very beginning), just a few weeks apart. Both men had a dream involving airplanes and the savvy (practical knowledge or understanding of sth) to do something about it. One was named David Neeleman. In February 1999, he started JetBlue⑦. He assembled $130 million in venture capital, bought a fleet of Airbus A-320 passenger jets, recruited (enlisted/ enrolled) pilots and signed them to seven-year contracts, and outsourced (to arrange for sb outside a company to do work or provide goods for that company) his reservation system to stay-at-home moms and retirees living around Salt Lake City Utah, who booked passengers on their home computers.[9] The other person who started an airline was, as we now know from the 9/11 Commission Report, Osama bin Laden. At a meeting in Kandahar (坎⼤哈), Afghanistan, in March or April 1999, he accepted a proposal initially drawn up by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the Pakistan-born mechanical engineer who was the architect of the 9/11 plot (a secret plan). JetBlue's (喷⽓机) motto (座右铭, 题词) was "Same Altitude. Different Attitude". Al-Qaeda's (基地组织) motto was "Allahu Akbar⑧". [According to WikiIslam (/doc/eba4860df78a6529647d5363.html /wiki/Main_Page), “Allah” means “God”, “(Akbar” means “greater” while “(??(kebir) means “ Great”)]Notes①This text is excerpted from The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century, which is an international bestselling book by Thomas L. Friedman that analyzes globalization, primarily in the early 21st century. The title is a metaphor for viewing the world as a level playing commerce, where all competitors have an equal opportunity. The book was firstwas later released as an "updated and expanded" edition in 2006, and yet again released with additional updates in 2007 as "further updated and expanded: Release 3.0".②The World Trade Center (WTC) was a complex in Lower Manhattan whose seven buildings were destroyed in 2001 in the September 11 terrorist attacks. The site is currently being rebuilt with six new skyscrapers and a memorial to the casualties of the attacks.③The Berlin Wall was a physical barrier completely encircling West Berlin, separating it from the German Democratic Republic (GDR) (East Germany), including East Berlin. Both borders came to symbolize the Iron Curtain between WesternEurope and the Eastern Bloc. The wall separated East Germany from West Germany for more than a quarter of a century, from the day construction began on 13 August 1961 until the Wall was brought down on 9 November 1989.④The Iron Curtain symbolized the ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe intotwo separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. On either side of the Iron Curtain, states developed their own international economic and military alliances. The Iron Curtain took the shape of border defenses between the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, most notably the Berlin Wall, which served as a longtime symbol of the Curtain asa whole.⑤...the world was our oyster: originating from Shakespeare's play The Merry Wives of Windsor (Act 2, scene 2, 2-5): Why then the world's mine oyster, Which I with sword will open. If you boast that "The world's my oyster" nowadays, you're claiming that the world's riches are yours to leisurely pluck from the shell. "The world's my oyster" has become merely a conceited proclamation of opportunity.⑥Bin Laden: a member of the prominent Saudi Bin Laden family and the founder of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, best known for the September 11 attacks on the United States and its associations with numerous other mass-casualty attacks against civilian targets.⑦JetBlue: JetBlue Airways is an American low-cost airline owned by JetBlue Airways Corporation. The company is headquartered in the Forest Hills neighborhood of the New Y ork City borough of Queens. Its home airport is John F. Kennedy International Airport.⑧Allahu Akbar: a Muslim saying. It is often used in situations ranging from a greeting to an expression of strong sentiments. It is most correctly translated as "God is greater".W ord Bankalienation: a turning away; estrangement疏远，疏离altitude: the height of a thing above a reference level⾼度，海拔assemble: to bring or call together into a group or whole召集bureaucrat: an official of a bureaucracy官僚collaboration: the act of working with another or others on a joint project协作commission: a group of people officially authorized to perform certain duties or functions调查团commoditize: to make sth. bear the feature of being a commodity商品化commodity: something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage⽇⽤品，商品concrete: of or relating to an actual, specific thing or instance具体的，实际的converge: to tend toward or approach an intersecting point汇聚destructive: causing or wreaking destruction; ruinous破坏，破坏性的dismantling: the act of taking apart or tearing down拆开，分解embassy: a building containing the offices of an ambassador and staff⼤使馆embolden: to foster boldness or courage in使⼤胆，使有胆量exclusion: the act or practice of excluding 排除flattening: being flat扁平的gang: a group of criminals or hoodlums帮派grievance: a feeling of resentment or injustice at having been unfairly treated抱怨；委屈hateful: feeling or showing hatred憎恨的instrument: a means by which something is done; an implement⼿段；⼯具invisible: impossible to see; not visible看不见的minimize: to reduce to the smallest possible amount, extent, size, or degree最⼩化outsource: to buy in (components for a product) rather than manufacture them外界供应oyster: any of several edible bivalve mollusks牡蛎potential: capable of being but not yet in existence潜在的，可能的refuge: a place providing protection or shelter庇护所reservation: the act of reserving保留restriction: the act of restricting限带，限定retiree: one who has retired from active working life退休者spot: a place of relatively small and definite limits场所；地点stimulate: to excite (a nerve, organ, etc.) with a stimulus刺激；激发summon: to call together召集；召唤swarm: to move in or form a large number成群移动或出现unlock: to undo or set free打开；释放utmost: of the highest or greatest degree, amount, or intensity; most extreme极度的，最⼤的versus: against与……相对warp: to turn or twist (wood, for example) out of shape扭曲Phrases and Expressionsbring about: to cause to happen造成bring down: to cause to fall打倒，击落draw up: to prepare a draft of (a legal document) 草拟look through: to examine查阅；审校reflect on: to think over思考；反省Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. It is concluded in the article that 11/9 and 9/11 are different in that _____.A. 11/9 brought down a wall and 9/11 opened the windows of the worldB. 11/9 brought down the World Trade Center and 9/11 put up new invisible wallsC. 11/9 represented the creative imagination and 9/11 represented the destructive imaginatio nD. 11/9 unlocked half the planet and 9/11 made the citizens potential partners and competitors2. According to the article, what might be the cause(s) of 11/9?A. Hundreds of East Germans sought refuge at the West German embassy in Hungary.B. The East German government gave in to the pressure built up by the escape of more than thirteen thousand East Germans.C. Eastern Europeans looked forward to walking out from behind the Iron Curtain and engage with a flattening world.D. All of the above.3. "We were the only superpower, and the world was our oyster" (Para. 4) Here "oyster" infers that ____.A. the world itself provides a shelter for AmericansB. people in America could enjoy supreme freedom so as to get everything they want from lifeC. Americans feel to be playing a significant role in the whole worldD. America is a paradise of liberty and freedom4. Why could imagination never be commoditized according to the article?A. Because imagination is too important to be commoditized.B. Because imagination is too individualized to be commoditized.C. Because it is extremely tough for imagination to be commoditized under a near total monopoly of power.D. Because it is of no value at all to commoditize imagination.5. It can be inferred from what Irving Wladawsky Berger says that _____.A. positive imagination could possibly ease the danger from individuals even without the instruments of a stateB. focus on productive outcomes could advance and unite civilizationC. peaceful imagination could minimize alienation and celebrate interdependenceD. stimulating positive imagination is of the utmost importanceII. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.The past decade and a half witnessed how the world went (1) flat, which is characterized by two dates: 11/9 and 9/11.The creative (2) imagination of 11/9 led to the collapse of the Berlin Wall and helped citizens around the globe to join together in business and trade. In the mean time, the (3) destructive imagination of 9/11 brought down the World Trade Center, throwing the world into chaos and panic.Eleven-nine arose from a simple event in which hundreds of East Germans sought (4) refuge at the West German (5) embassy in Hungary in July 1989. As a result, Hungary decided to lift the (6) restrictions on the passage to Austria, which made it possible for thousands of East Germans to (7) escape to Austria and thus to West Germany. The impending (8) pressure drove the East German government to (9) remove travel ban. Thus on 11/9/89, East Germans gathered to break down the Berlin Wall.However, 9/11 changed the way in which the world got flattened peacefully and positively. Bin Laden and his gang might have plotted to hit both towers of the World Trade Center at the exact right (10) spot. Unfortunately, September 11, 2001 turned out to be day that the terrorists had their destructive imagination materialized.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. Some animals get confused when seeing their _____ a mirror.A. inflectionB. reflectionC. convictionD. nutrition2. Memory can be profoundly _____ by subsequent experience.A. shapedB. shippedC. shiftedD. sharpened3. We received many clever and _____ entries in our children's painting contest.A. initiativeB. inductiveC. imaginativeD. informative4. This dress was sewn by my mother carefully and the stitches are almost _____.A. incredibleB. impossibleC. insatiableD. invisible5. Many businesses with growth _____ fail to raise enough funds because they lack investment readiness.A. essentialB. potentialC. utensilD. spatial6. Countless small streams _____ to form a large river.A. convergeB. divergeC. submergeD. infringe7. These pills should help to _____ the pain.A. increaseB. leaseC. easeD. abuse8. A big _____ of bees started following Claire who ran away terrified.A. swimB. swarmC. warmD. swam9. During the pregnancy, it's normal to gain weight, but I _____ ballooned up.A. initiativelyB. literallyC. laterallyD. lastly10. His _____ is to dedicate himself to the service of his country.A. hatredB. educationC. mottoD. religionII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.represent realize innocent commodity availablethreaten stimulate minimal suspect reserverestrict center alien grieve lock1. Public health officials now say the disease is under control and is, not a public health threat.2. Don't worry. Y our loyalty is above any suspicion.3. For the past 10 years, many technologies that we have been using reached wide scale adoption and thus essentially have become commoditized.4. Life saving care used to be unavailable to women giving birth, particularly in rural areas.5. If you prove your innocence you can be free.6. I think we can minimize the problem, so it isn't worth fussing about.7. These inscriptions are keys with which we unlock the secrets of ancient Egypt.8. I'd like to change my reservation in your hotel.9. Power without restriction is vulnerable to corruption.10. Y our kindness was a consolation to me in my grief.TranslationPut the following paragraph into English.9/11造成的污染让约40万⼈的健康受到严重伤害。
专业学位研究生英语通用教程_第二版,课后习题
1.Their frugal life style along with funds from…………2.As I have suggested, the corrections ……..made in the pursuit of optimal relevance.3.You know e-mail has gone mainstream when Uncle Sam is…….4.The film was popular with …….,but was not a(an) financial success.5.Though several months after the terrorist attack, her mind still conjures up ablurred…….6.--What if it rains tomorrow?—We’ll ………7.Her success was secured by two factors. In the first place ,she had …….8.It’s up to the travel companies to warn customers…..9.Everyone uses cafeteria, from the managing director down to the office boy.10.Both teams are on good form. Which should make for a great game.11.During the meeting , she……..and slipped a note into my hand.12.He soon to know the young kids…..,polishing shoes or running errands.13.We had to edge sideways along with our arms outstretched against……14.We had an unspoken agreement not to……..15.The night before the trip ,we sisters stayed up late…..16.Left to themselves,………..aggressive as time goes by.17.What they write can also make a difference to the way………….18.When he reached twelve his father cut short his education and ………………19.Some had been finding work a strain and early retirement ……20.By now the railway had reached ………to travel all the way to Jibuti by train.21.Dozens of scientific groups all over ………………….of a practical andeconomic……22.When we finally managed to get home after the tiring …….23.My students found the book enlightening: it provided them with an ………………24.Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage annually.nguage, culture, and personality may be considered independently of each…….26.None of the servants were available when Mr smith …….27.My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very particular about the food …28.Important people don’t often……..work takes up all their time.29.It is well known that knowledge is …..expansion of mind.30.All particulars should be carefully checked. Nothing should be taken for granted.31.After a few rounds of talks, both…….territory dispute to be settled.32.Mr Morgan can be very sad in private ,though……extremely cheerful.33.It suddenly occurred to Anne that…….Bob had suffered in the past five years.34.Many Europeans explored the continent of Africa in the 19th century.35.Some people would like to do ,,,,,,,,expect to pick up wonderful bargains in themarket.36.Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms.37.The papers arrived but were misplaced in the mailroom.38.It seemed impossible that he would escape detection in the examination.39.I shall have a companion in the house after all those lonely days.40.His friends thought he was crazy when he told them ,,,,,,entire vacation exploring acave.41.Her ex-husband has access to the once a month.42.The company aims to extract maximum profit from the newly-developed product.43.This can purify molecules ranging from a few milligrams……….44.The teller watched the customer stuffing the ………,sealing it and then writing on thefront45.She is very sensitive to her weight, so try not to talk any heavy things in front of her.46.That is a long distance, so if you go there on foot………..shoes is a must.47.We know that is a well-known student-led movement.48.The robber grabbed his victim at the throat and choked her to death.49.The F1 winner shook the bottle violently and then sprayed champagne from thebottle.50.He was busy all day long, but mostly it was much ado about nothing.51.The school authorities will ensure that timely proper action is taken to solve theproblem.52.I think that a forward vision combined with a unique ability to manage risk isthe ……53.On that occasion the demonstrators will march in procession through the town.54.Naturally such visits can allow only the most superficial understanding of the prisonlife.55.It was similar to an indoor meeting because the stadium is compact, with the………56. A coal fire adds to the attraction of a winter indoors.57.He was tired and completely ill at ease with the continuous discussion of the matter.58.His speech was careful and distinct but his words seemed to make no sense.59.This was leaked to the media ,which began to clamor for stricter control. 60.She was shocked into action by the desperate situation in the slum.61.He interviewed each senior manager on his perception of the company…….62.She was kidnapped and physically assaulted at gunpoint.ernment posters from the 1930s branded marijuana a“killer drug.”64.When the water in the pond was drained out, swimmers were all muddied withthe …….65.The global warming was seen by some people as divine retribution.cators call for more concerns about the mental health of young people.67.We spent two nights in the mountains running out of food, … things turned out allright.68.The 34-year-old professor was said to be labored to death after years of overworking.69.The housing prices have been on the rise for ten years with the constanteconomic ……..70.The average salary of skillful technicians has leapt to10,000 yuan from 1,000yuan ……..71.If you have a small amount of leftover fruits,………..72.An unsuccessful welfare system helps to perpetuate failure and poverty.73.He contracted the disease through an insect bite.74.Some researchers say that yawning is contagious and passes……….75.Buying all those computers was a costly mistake…………76.These cells form part of the immune system and help to prevent………77.The local government is determined to take measures to reduce…….78.Many recipes in their restaurant can be easily adapted to suit vegetarians.79.It’s ironic that professional athletes are often ……….80.The dog is trained to guide the visually impaired people………….81.We’ve succeeded in isolating the gene ……….82.The greatest challenge is strengthening ……….long been susceptible to bribery….83.We’ve incorporated many environmentally-friendly features……………84.The tribe has lived for generations in the inhospitable mountain regions………..85.This can have devastating consequences, and may cause……………86.Medicaid is a state-administered program for…………funded by the federalgovernment.87.The plant is sensitive to alkaline conditions …………withstands highertemperatures.88.The military government is refusing to transfer power to………89.Insert the correct coins ,then select ……….,90.He supposes that technological progress will eliminate the problem…………..91.Einstein, who worked out his theory ………ripe old age.92.The boy doesn’t even know that angles……………..called acute angles.93. A significant proportion of the elderly are dependent ………………..94.It’s quite common for the elderly to treat ……….fond indulgence.95.The fact that none of the neighbors…………….baffled the authorities.96.His poems epitomize the feelings of the generation…..97.Because journalists don’t think the congressman constitutes much of………98.Researchers at the university of san Francisco ……..grant for research on lungcancer.99.Even the most primitive computer can outstrip the human……………..100.The patients studied were seen………..beginning of symptoms.101.Witnesses say the jet crashed shortly after takeoff.102.This gives the company a competitive advantage over its rivals.103.Can I have your initial, Mr Davies ?___it’s G Mr G Davies.104.I’d like a cheeseburger and a regular coke.105.Fezza, the clothes designer, launched his first collection in 1980.106.He held onto the naïve belief that this theory………….107.It is a magnet for tourists, experienced boaters and amateurs alike.108.The fact that he’s breathing ………….a positive sign.109.And if you fail to spot these, a quick…………………bookshelf gives it in. 110.After proper consultation and correction………………..set out to……….. 111.Dark figure emerged from the building………………..112.But all these ideas mean a huge loss of revenue to the treasury……………113.Plastic bottles can be recycled into clothing.114.Mr casey regrets that he will have to decline your kind………..115.Between 1820 and 1920 some 35 million immigrants reached……….116.A poll of 700 female registered voters ……………117.Several hundred people contributed articles, photographs……..118.Woolf’s writing was completely original ----nothing like………….119.Coconut is basic ingredient for many curries and …………….120.It’s difficult for someone……………….the transition to television.。
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Unit10GlobalizationPreviewWhen scholars write the history of the world in the last two decades, what do they think was the most crucial development？The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11? The convergence of technology and events that allowed India，China, and so many other countries to become part of the global supply chain for services and manufacturing, giving themselves a huge new stake in the success of globalization? And with this ”flattening" of the globe， has the world gotten too small and too fast for human beings and their political systems to adjust in a stable manner？Part I Text ReadingWarm-upI. Facts about globalization.Globalization is the process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together。
Decide which ofthe following phenomena are the facts of globalization。
1。
There are approximately 24，500 McDonald's restaurants in over115 countries。
2. It is estimated that participants of the Beijing Olympics has reached 11，468 involving 205 countries.3. More than 100，000 people joined a parade in 1999 to protest against a WTO ministerial meeting in Seattle.4. The Berlin Wall collapsed on November 9， 1989.5。
Chinese fans enjoyed Harry Potter VI: the Half—blood Prince onthe same day with fans around the globe.6. Columbus made a fourth voyage in search of the Strait of Malaccato the Indian Ocean on 11 May 1502。
II。
Three stages of globalization。
For Friedman, globalization has undergone three stages which he classifies as Globalization 1。
0, 2.0 and 3.0。
Match the three eras of globalization with their featuresIII. Is globalization good or bad?Globalization has met praise and criticism since the beginning day. Read the following Pros and Cons about globalization, and voice your own idea.Pros：1. Increased free trade between nations。
2。
Increased liquidity of capital allowing investors in developed nations to invest in developing nations。
3。
Global mass media that ties the world together。
4. Greater ease and speed of transportation for goods and people.5。
Reduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effect.6. Reduction of likelihood of war between developed nations.Cons:1. Increased likelihood of economic disruptions in one nation effecting all nations.2. Threat that control of world media by a handful of corporations will limit cultural expression。
3. Greater risk of diseases being transported unintentionally between nations.4. Spread of a materialistic lifestyle and attitude that sees consumption as the path to prosperity5. International bodies like the World Trade Organization infringe onnational and individual sovereignty.6。
Increase in the chances of civil war within developing countries and open war between developing countries as they vie for resources.Text11/9 Versus (vs/ v.s。
=against）9/11①Thomas L。
Friedman， during which theworld me that our lives have been powerfully[2] These two dates represent the two competing forms of imagination at work (=working）in the world today: the creative imagination of 11/9 and the destructive imagination of 9/11. One brought down a wall and opened the windows of the world-both the operating system and the kind we look through。
It unlocked half the planet and made the citizens there our potential partners and competitors。
Another brought down the World Trade Center②， closing its windows on the World restaurant forever and putting up new invisible and concrete walls among people at a time when we thought 11。
The dismantling (=demolishing，razing, ruining）of the Berlin Wall③ on 11/9 was brought about (realized) by people who dared to imagine a different, more open world—one where every human being would be free to realize his or her full potential—and who then summoned (convoke, assemble, call， convene) the courage to act on that imagination。
［3] Do you remember how it happened? It was so simple, really: In July 1989，hundreds of East Germans (seak—〉）sought refuge at the West German embassy in Hungary。
In September 1989, Hungary decided to remove its border restrictions with Austria. That meant that any East German who got into Hungary could pass through to Austria and the free world。