化工专业英语练习题 题目 1-8

练习一

1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语

1)过程指引起一种物质和(多种)物质的混合物发生物理变化或化学变化的操作或一系列操

作。进入过程的物料称之为对该过程的输入或进料，而离开的物料称之为输出或产品。2) B.Braun成立于1839年，从一个生产医药产品的小生产厂家不断发展，以成为一个跨国公

司，现经营医药产品、医疗技术、药物及生物技术。

2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语

1）In the same way that a complex plant can be divided into basic unit operations,so chemical reactions involved in the process industries can be classified into certain groups,or unit processes(e.g.,polymerizations,etherifications,and nitrations),have common characteristics. 2)The notion of a processing plant encompassing a number of operations,such as mixing,

evaporation,and filtration,and of these operations being essentially similar,whatever the product, led to the concept of unit operations.

3）The chemical engineer must work closely with the chemist in order to understand thoroughly the chemistry involved in the process and to make sure that the chemist gets the reaction kinetic data and the physical property data needed to design,operate,and optimize the process.

4）All fluids are compressible-even water-their density will change as pressure changes.Under steady conditions,and provided that the changes in pressure are small,it is usually possible to simplify analysis of the flow by assuming it is incompressible and has constant density.

5）In a region such as outer space,which is virtually void of gases,the pressure is essentially zero.

Such a condition can be approached very nearly in a laboratory when a vacuum pump is used to evacuate a bottle.The pressure in a vacuum is called absolute zero,and all pressures referenced with respect to this zero pressure are termed absolute pressures.

Many pressure-measuring devices like the manometer measure not absolute pressure but only difference in pressure.The reference pressure is actually the atmospheric pressure.Whenever atmospheric pressure is used as a reference,the possibility exists that the pressure thus measured can be either positive or negative.When this difference is positive,this type of pressure reading is called gage pressure.

练习二

1.将下列句子或段落翻译成英语

1)图7所示的一个基本实例，是石油化工某部分的一个完整设计（主要是单元操作，换热网

络和控制回路）。系统包括反应和分离部分。反应属于催化反应，由于催化剂的失活（deactivation），其转化率在几个月的操作周期内是变化的。当催化剂活性较低时，反应转化率下降，相应地精馏塔的进料发生变化。精馏塔有自己的控制系统（未画出），以保证塔底产物(bottom product)组成保持稳定。塔顶组分（循环）组成是可变的，以抵消（to accommodate）催化剂失活的影响。

2)化学工程是处理那些原材料变化或分离成有用产品的工业过程。化学工程师必须能对全流

程以及所用的设备进行开发、设计和操作；选择合适的原料；高效、安全、经济地操作工厂，同时确保生产的产品能满足顾客的要求。

2.将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语

1)The above examples teach us an important lesson,although it is the chemists who make and

discover the new chemicals which may have special properties,a considerable input from engineers and technologists may be required before the chemical can be processed and converted into a suitable form in which it can be used.

2)“Unit operations”evolved in meeting the need of economic large-scale manufacture of

commodity products.The concept of unit operations held that any chemical manufacturing process could be resolved into a coordinated series of operations such as pulverizing,drying, roasting,crystallizing,filtering,evaporating,distilling,electrolyzing,and so on.

3)The term“chemical engineer”implies that the person is primarily an engineer whose first

professional concern is with manufacturing processes—making something,or making some process work.The adjective“chemical”implies a particular interest in processes which involve chemical changes.

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