厦门大学英语口译考试III级(2009年春季)

厦门大学英语口译考试III级（2009年春季）

第一部分：汉译英

要求：请在原音停顿、录音开始时口译听到的段落。

女士们、先生们，上午好！感谢大家来参加这次新闻发布会。最近一段时间在一些国家和地区爆发了甲型H1N1流感疫情，这引起了市委市政府的高度重视，专门开会研究部署了疫情防控工作，并成立了由卫生局、公安局、检验检疫局等单位联合组成的疫情防控小组，在此我谨代表检疫局介绍一下我市检疫部门的防控工作，并回答各位关心的问题。// 由于我市是沿海地区重要的出入境口岸，从4月25日起，我们在机场和码头等场所全面加强了出入境旅客的体温检测，下面我汇报一下目前的情况。截至昨日，共发现21例发烧病人，但没有发现人感染甲型流感的病例报告。这21例发烧病人中，有15人是入境旅客，6人是出境旅客，经过我市相关医院的诊断，有18例属于普通感冒，其他3例属于肠道疾病，所以排除了甲型流感的可能。//

但是，我们的出入境检疫工作并没有因此放松，除了体温检测外，我们还在以下几个方面加强了防控工作：

一，对每一个入境旅客发放健康申明卡。健康申明卡要求旅客填写姓名、联系方式、过去2周去过的国家和地区、以及与流感患者的接触史等，以便发生紧急情况能够及时找到相关旅客。检疫人员将旅客填写的内容与旅客的护照等有效证件逐一核对，若内容与本人证件信息不相符，有权拒绝其入境请求。//

二，进一步加强交通工具的消毒和旅客携带物的查验。对入境旅客的行李进行严格的检验检疫，防止任何违禁物品入境。

三，对来自疫病流行国家和地区的所有人员需要实施两次体温检测，若体温异常或有感冒症状的，要询问病史和接触史，对认为需要隔离的，按规定程序交当地卫生部门实施，做到疫病早发现、早报告、早诊断、早隔离、早治疗。//

四，通过广播、电视、报纸、网站等媒体向公众宣传甲型流感知识，介绍我市的防控现状，缓解不必要的紧张情绪。另一方面，我们也想借此机会提醒公众养成良好的卫生习惯，注意个人卫生，这包括勤洗手、喝开水、吃熟食等等。如果出现一些感冒的症状，如打喷嚏或者咳嗽，应该用纸巾掩住口鼻，不要随地吐痰。发烧患者应戴上口罩，及早就医。同时政府也会清洁公共场所，保持良好的卫生环境。//

总之，我们要科学、理性地对待甲型H1N1流感，既要避免不必要的、过度的恐慌，也要消除一系列的误解，今天我们对应对这类突发公共卫生事件的能力相比SARS期间已经有了长足的进步和提高，我们有信心能够成功防控甲型流感。谢谢。//

Part two: English to Chinese

Directions: Please interpret each segment at each pause.

Ladies and gentlemen,

The global financial crisis has spread rapidly since the fall of 2008, leading to a global downturn of uncertain severity and duration. The impact of financial sector turmoil on real activity has become increasingly evident, propagating beyond its initial epicenters to affect other advanced economies, emerging markets, and low-income countries, or LICs.

Low-income countries are exposed to the current global downturn more than in previous episodes, as they are more integrated than before with the world economy through trade, foreign direct investment, and remittances. This is exactly the topic I want to address today: the spillovers from global recession to the low-income countries. LICs are heavily dependent on trade, which is shrinking because of lower global demand. Many LICs will also be hit by reduced remittances and

foreign direct investment, and possibly lower aid. //

Trade has become a significant source of growth in LICs over the past 20 years. Trade openness, calculated as the ratio of the sum of exports and imports to GDP, has increased substantially since 1991 and has been accompanied by an acceleration of growth. Most LIC exports go to advanced economies, though this share has been declining.

The structure of exports remains highly concentrated on commodities. In the past decade, the mean share of primary commodities in the exports of LICs has been close to 70 percent. The high concentration on commodities may further aggravate the impact of the global growth slowdown on LICs, to the extent that the demand for commodities is highly procyclical, with implications for both volumes and prices.

The latest projections illustrate the significant negative impact that LICs are likely to face in 2009 via the trade channel. On average, projected current account balances for 2009 have deteriorated by about 3 percent of GDP since the April 2008 projections, with a more pronounced decline in export growth than in import growth. The terms of trade are also projected to deteriorate, reflecting the sharp drop in commodity prices. //

For many LICs, remittances constitute an important source of external financing, providing income to the poor and contributing to growth. At a global level, remittances are estimated to have increased at a double-digit annual rate since the 1990s. In the past, they have been relatively stable compared to other external flows. Remittance flows vary substantially across countries and regions, both from the recipient and country of origin point of view.

Current projections show remittances stagnating in the second half of 2008, and shrinking in 2009. The largest decline is expected in European, Asian, and Pacific LICs. Most recent evidence suggests that in some countries the decline in remittances can be substantial: in Honduras, for example, remittances declined by 4.5 percent year-on-year in October 2008. //

Over the past two decades, the importance of foreign direct investment, or FDI in LICs has grown dramatically. On average, FDI in LICs has quintupled as a percentage of GDP since 1990. The sources of investment have also diversified.

FDI flows to LICs are expected to shrink sharply. Empirical evidence suggests that FDI in LICs is dependent on the health of the origin country’s economy. The latest projections from the World Bank show FDI inflows for 2009 falling by almost 20 percent from their 2008 levels, compared to over 10 percent growth that was projected in April 2008. Multination als’ reduced profit margins, combined with difficult financing conditions and volatile commodity prices have already begun to trigger reduced FDI commitments for 2009–10. In Lao People's Democratic Republic and Mozambique, for example, FDI related to expansions of hydroelectric and mining projects has been delayed or suspended.

Overall, reduced FDI in 2009 is expected to have a significant impact in over half of all LICs. Countries in Latin America and Asia are expected to be most affected. //

Poverty-reducing initiatives across the globe have led to sizable aid flows during this decade. Aid peaked in 2006, coupled with increased flows from emerging donors such as Russia, China, and the GCC countries, also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.

Potential reductions in aid flows are a serious concern.Given the severity of the slowdown in growth in advanced economies, a potential reduction in aid cannot be ruled out.

Projections of aid to LICs already started to decline in 2009. Growth in aid to LICs during 2008 was higher than initially anticipated by the World Bank’s spring projections. This high level