8 Introduction 英语专业学术论文写作教程

2
3
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2. Which information element is the longest? Is there any reason for this?
The part of literature review is often the longest since it includes specific information about different studies.
the ways information is presented in lectures; and recommendations for improving the study skills of native speakers have been proposed (e.g., North et al., 2000; Murphy, 2002; Hall, 2005). F. Only a few researchers have considered the special problems foreign students may have with lectures given in English (Ding, 1999; Young & Wilson, 2003; Richards & Flower, 2007). G. Young and Wilson (2003) concentrated on the linguistic aspect: either on how messages were encoded, or on the aspects that might cause decoding problems for native speakers. A. Pang and Wright (2005) broadened the linguistic focus to include some pedagogical and sociolinguistic aspects of lecturing, such as setting, level of formality, participant roles, and lecture topics. C. The role of vocabulary in mediating instruction has recently attracted the attention of applied linguists. E. Lee (2006) has examined function of definitions in science lectures.
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IE 1: Establishing a context
3. Read the following example of IE1 and indicate whether a sentence makes a statement about the general area, the sub-area, or the author’s topic. sube.g.
1One
of the important research fields for mobile robots is their smooth movement area: ____________ to destination. 2A 1 mobile robot must General area: sentence possess a map and must be able to move by evading obstacles Sub-area: ____________ sentence 2 not described Subthe map such as a person, another mobile in -area: robot or merely an object. :3To evade an obstacle, a mobile sentence 3 Author’ topic: Author’s topic ____________ robot has to be able to identify its position, detect the obstacle using a visual system, and operate a collision avoidance algorithm.
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Stylistic Variations in Science Lectures B. Most research on the lecture method has been conducted in a native-speaker context. D. A number of studies have so far examined
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IE 2: Reviewing previous research
5. In the literature review part of Text 2, the author cites the writers in two different ways. What are they? What determines a writer’s decision on these two forms? (1) a. Author’s names at beginning of sentence in subject position, followed by reference and date in brackets. b. Author’s names and reference at the end of the citation sentence in brackets. (2) Importance given to the cited authors. If they are more important and relevant to the writer’s work, the cited authors are fronted.
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Information elements (IE) of an introduction 1.Research background 2.Literature review (What have been done? What haven’t been done?) 3.Investigation needed 4.Research purpose (What am I going to do?) 5.Research value / findings / paper structure
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4. Identify the part of IE 1 in Text 1, and indicate the sentences which correspond to the general area, a sub-area and the subauthor’s topic. General area: sentences 1-2; Sub-area: sentences 3-4; Author’s topic: sentence 5
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6. Following is part of a literature review taken from the introduction to a paper in the field of English learning. The sentences are given here in scramble order. Arrange the sentences in the order you feel they should appear in the original text. The review begins with sentence B.
Lecture 8
In百度文库roduction
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Contents
8.1 Tasks for Critical Thinking and Discussion 8.2 Order of Citations 8.3 Verb Tense in Citation 8.4 Verb Tense in Other Parts of Introduction 8.5 Language Practice 8.6 Writing up Your Research 8.7 Language Support
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Universe (a general area of study)
Galaxy a sub-area
Star a specific topic
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8.1 Tasks for Critical Thinking and Discussion 1. Complete the following table by indicating the IEs each text (read the handout) contains.
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Stylistic Variations in Science Lectures
_____A. Pang and Wright (2005) broadened the linguistic focus to include some pedagogical and sociolinguistic aspects of lecturing, such as setting, level of formality, participant roles, and lecture topics. _____B. Most research on the lecture method has been conducted in a nativespeaker context. _____C. The role of vocabulary in mediating instruction has recently attracted the attention of applied linguists. _____D. A number of studies have so far examined the ways information is presented in lectures; and recommendations for improving the study skills of native speakers have been proposed (e.g., North et al., 2000; Murphy, 2002; Hall, 2005). ____ E. Lee (2006) has examined function of definitions in science lectures. ____ F. Only a few researchers have considered the special problems foreign students may have with lectures given in English (Ding, 1999; Young & Wilson, 2003; Richards & Flower, 2007). ____ G. Young and Wilson (2003) concentrated on the linguistic aspect: either on how messages were encoded, or on the aspects that might cause decoding problems for native speakers.
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Text 1
IE 1
IE 2
IE 3
IE 4
IE 5
S(s) 1-5 1S(s) 1-3 1S(s) 1
S(s) 6 S(s) 4-7 4S(s) /
S(s) 7 S(s) 8 S(s) 2-4 2-
S(s) 8 S(s) 9 S(s) 5, 8
S(s) 9-12 9S(s) / S(s) 6-7 6-