病理有关肿瘤的新十大特性

2011年3月4号，发表在《Cell》上的一篇综述，

Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation

[Abstract] The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. Underlying these hallmarks are genome instability, which generates the genetic diversity that expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters multiple hallmark functions. Conceptual progress in the last decade has added two emerging hallmarks of potential generality to this list—reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction. In addition to cancer cells, tumors exhibit another dimension of complexity: they contain a repertoire of recruited, ostensibly normal cells that contribute to the acquisition of hallmark traits by creating the ‘‘tumor microenvironment.’’ Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer.

译文：癌症的特征：代代相传

摘要：癌症的特征由六大经过了很久的人类肿瘤发展史的生物功能构成，这个特征构成了一个使错综复杂的肿瘤疾病合理化的组织原理。它包括维持增生的信号、躲避生长抑制器、抑制细胞死亡、使细胞能不断地繁殖，血管生成，保持侵袭细胞和转移肿瘤位置。这些潜在的特性是基因组产生有助于其细胞的生存和炎症的基因的多样性的不稳定性，这种不稳定性造就了多种多样的特性功能。在过去的十年里，概念的发展有助于显现潜在的概论对于这个清单目录：能量新陈代谢的重组和防止免疫坏死。对于癌症细胞，肿瘤表现出另外一个复杂的方面，它们包含全面的吸收，表面上正常的细胞贡献于创造了肿瘤生长环境的特性。认识到这种观念的广泛可适用性将日益的治疗人类癌症的新方法的发展。

下图单词注释：EGFR inhibitors 因子蒙体克制剂

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors 细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制剂

Immume activating anti-CTLA4 mAb 免除激活anti-CTLA4 mAb

Telomerase inhibitors 端粒酶抑制剂

Selective anti-inflammatory drugs 选择性抗炎药物

Inhibitors HGF/c-Met 抑制剂/ c-Met特性

Inhibitors of VEGF signaling VEGF抑制剂的信号

PARP inhibitors PARP抑制剂

Proapoptotic BH3 mimetics Proapoptotic BH3限食拟药

Aerobic glycolysis inhibitors 有氧糖酵解作用抑制剂

备注: Proapoptotic大概意思为凋亡proapoptotic protein凋亡前体蛋白

十大特性单词在文中都有，翻译为译文中的绿色字体

本文档只是个人翻译非标准仅供参考

讨论：你是如何理解这十大特性的，它们在肿瘤的发生发展中，及对人体有什么意义？