科技英语翻译答案

科技英语翻译
1.1 翻译的标准
第1节翻译练习1
The power plant is the heart of a ship.
The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.
动力装置是船舶的心脏。

驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。

第1节翻译练习2
Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.
Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.
All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.
半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。

我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。

空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。

第1节翻译练习3
The removal of minerals from water is called softening.
A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.
去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。

双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。

1.2 对译者的要求
第4节翻译练习1
Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.
All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.
爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。

（直译）
这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。

（意译）
The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.
Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.
设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。

（意译）
要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。

（意译）
第4节翻译练习2
The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.
The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.
The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.
植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。

（合译）
太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。

（分译）
医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。

（分译）
These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。

（分译）
制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。

前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。

（分译）
第4节翻译练习3
Cartography is the science of making maps.
Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes.
制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。

（增译）
人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。

（增译）
The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.
That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity.
电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。

（增译）
同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。

（省译）
第4节翻译练习4
Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.
The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation.
几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。

向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。

通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。

2.1 词义的选择
第1节翻译练习1
The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other.
The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles.
In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field.
锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。

（介词）
粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。

（名词）
地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。

（形容词）
An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom.
Her waist measures forty inches round.
电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。

（动词）
她腰围40英寸。

（副词）
第1节翻译练习2
Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool.
Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data.
To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width.
Certain isotopes are not found in nature.
人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。

求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。

科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。

有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。

New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry.
Kangaroos are found in Australia.
This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers.
Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors.
Plastics find wide application in our daily life.
大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。

这种植物生长在近河口的海中。

新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。

微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。

塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。

第2节翻译练习1
The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.
Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.
The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen.
滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。

（技术性引申）
通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。

（技术性引申）
大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。

（修辞引申）
The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy.
The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor.
The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.
Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。

（具体化引申）
两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。

（具体化引申）
随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。

（修辞性引申）
正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。

（具体化引申）The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation.
Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure.
At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.
The facts have been set down in black and white.
显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。

（抽象化引申）
目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。

（抽象化引申）
居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。

（具体化引申）
这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。

（抽象化引申）
2.3 词类的转换
第3节翻译练习1
Each time a sample was drawn for color determination.
What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units.
每次取一个标本测定颜色。

可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。

我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。

These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design.
Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators.
When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons.
常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。

第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。

这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。

Various precautions have been taken against leakage.
Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F.
Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost.
This new model should appeal to potential buyers.
一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。

价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。

已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。

这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。

Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill.
Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time.
Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions.
有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。

地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。

伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。

Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating.
How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air.
This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor.
一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。

这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。

应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。

第3节翻译练习2
Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well.
A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。

这种金属有良好的铸造性能。

传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。

There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet.
Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged.
Safety in a power plant is of great importance.
Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits.
安全在电厂是非常重要的。

现代发报机大多采用固体电路。

有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。

润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。

E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce.
These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior.
Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886.
这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。

《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。

直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。

Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts.
由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。

2.4 词的增译
第4节翻译练习2
第4节翻译练习1
This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor.
Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
By minimizing the microscopic imperfections scientists are making far stronger ceramics.
这一作用从外表上看来像电容器的放电现象。

一旦离开了地球的引力范围，宇航员又遇到了另一个问题——失重。

科学家们正通过最大限度地减小微观缺陷来制造强度高得多的陶瓷。

Atomic cells are small and very light, as compared to ordinary dry ones.
Transistors can make previously large equipment much smaller.
Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.
天文学家有证据表明，还有其他一些恒星也可能有黑洞作为伴星。

和普通电池相比，原子电池体积小、重量轻。

晶体管能使原先体积大的设备变得小得多。

The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.
The largest and most expensive products cannot, because of their size, be testable in the factory.
Cold rolling enables the operators to produce rolls of accuracy and uniformity, and with a better surface finish.
最大最贵的产品，因为体积大，在该工厂里是不能检验的。

开发新材料的关键在于研究人员不断提高在分子一级上处理物质的能力。

冷轧可使操作工生产出精确度高、均匀度好的轧制件，并具有更好的表面光洁度。

All these factors play a key role in formulation of the model.
PCs are not the most stable, and with video editing you have to be extra careful.
This method makes it easy to identify the various components.
在拟订模型时，所有这些因素都将起到关键性的作用。

这个方法使人们很容易识别各种不同的构成成分。

个人电脑一般并不太稳定，所以，进行视频编辑时需要加倍小心。

第4节翻译练习2
It was estimated that the power of an average horse is equal to 500 feet-pounds per second.
Panel patch is one gauge heavier than thickness of original skin.
Studies have shown that information can be communicated to people many times faster in a graphic form than in written form.
据估计，一匹普通马的功率等于500英尺-磅力/秒。

补块比原板的厚度大一号。

众多研究表明，以图形表示的信息被人们接受的速度比以文字表示的快许多倍。

The chemist is making an analysis of the poison.
It appears that the construction of the dam has had a considerable effect on the ecology of the region. The receiver will operate reliably no matter what happens.
无论发生什么情况，这台接收机都将可靠地工作。

药剂师正对毒性进行分析。

看来，建造水坝对这一地区的生态已经有相当大的影响。

Radiant, electrical and chemical energies can all be turned into heat.
The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.
Noise figure is minimized by parametric amplifier.
频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。

辐射能、电能和化学能这三种能均可转变为热能。

采用参量放大器即可将噪音系数减小至最低限度。

In the absence of sufficient knowledge confusion exists in classifying a specimen as a butterfly or a moth.
Lead can be hammered into very thin sheets without being broken.
There are a number of devices that give an electric current when light falls on them, without any chemical changes taking place.
如果没有足够的知识，就分不清标本是属蝶类还是蛾类。

有许多器件在受光照射时能产生电流，但不发生任何化学变化。

铅能被锤成很薄的薄片而不破裂。

2.5 词的省译
第5节翻译练习1
The fact that the concrete is slow in setting is no sign that it is of poor quality.
Such an engine is called an internal combustion engine.
The symptoms of hepatitis are similar no matter which virus is involved.
混凝土凝固得慢并不表示其质量差。

这种发动机成为内燃机。

肝炎不管是由何种病毒引起的，其症状均大同小异。

This critical deficiency was itself due to three factors which interacted with each other over the entire period.
The properties change in going from carbon to graphite.
The design choices hinge upon considerations of gain, noise figure, and so forth.
设计选择的关键在于考虑增益、噪音系数等等。

这个关键性的逆差来源于三个始终互相影响的因素。

碳转变成石墨时，其性质也发生了变化。

Temperatures may reach 700°C and surface oxidation becomes critical.
If the atomic nucleus of a heavy element is split, a large amount of energy is released.
The discovery of enzymes is very important because it gave impetus to a series of experiments.
分裂一重元素的原子核，会释放出很大的能量。

温度高达700摄氏度，表面氧化便成为关键问题。

酶的发现很重要，因为它推动了一系列试验的进行。

Apart from the fact that it may become hot, no apparent change occurs in a metal when it is carrying a current.
This equipment forms an integral part of many advanced systems.
There was a rise in temperature, and as a result, the component failed.
金属有电流通过时，除了金属可能变热外没有什么显著变化。

温度升高了，结果元件出了故障。

这个设备是许多先进系统不可缺少的一部分。

If there is little cooling water available, a diesel engine makes an excellent prime mover for generation below 10,000 kVA.
There was a block in the pipe and the water could not flow away.
如果能利用的冷却水不多，则柴油发动机可以成为极好的发电10000千伏安以下的原动机。

水管被东西堵住，水流不出去。

2.6 重复法
第6节翻译练习1
The properties of gas are quite different from those of liquid.
The electric resistance of copper is not so large as that of iron.
The three gas laws are true of all gases, as well as of air.
气体的性质与液体的性质大不相同。

（重复名词）
气体三定律不但适用于空气，也适用于所有气体。

（重复动词）
铜的电阻不像铁的电阻那样大。

（重复名词）
Matter changes not only in state but also in volume.
Continuous data can be expressed in either fractions or whole numbers.
物质不仅形态改变而且体积也改变。

（重复动词）
连续资料可以用分数表示，也可以用整数表示。

（重复动词）
3.1 名词的译法
第1节翻译练习1
In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents.
A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened.
一个不同寻常的用途是：这个机构使用指纹扫描器监视居住人员的进出。

当含有电感的电路突然断开时，可用电容器消除火花。

第1节翻译练习2
The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.
The scans confirmed that the subjects’ brains dea lt with words in ways that contradict one hoary old idea.
The latest research with radioactive isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite wrong.
比较结果表明，误差是由于名称不同而造成的。

扫描结果证实，受试者的大脑处理词的方式同一种古老的旧观念不一致。

对放射性同位素的最新研究结果表明，这种设想是完全错误的。

Metals differ in the ease with which they give up electrons and enter into chemical combination. Internal-shoe drum brakes provide better protection from water and dust.
People on earth are protected from the dangerous ultraviolet radiation of the sun by a layer or ozone that spans the planet and absorbs the radiation.
各种金属放出电子和参与化学反应的难易程度不一。

内蹄式鼓形制动器的防水、防尘性能比较好。

地球上的人们受到包围着地球并能吸收辐射的一层臭氧层的保护，从而免受危险的太阳紫外线辐射的伤害。

According to the molecular theory the temperature of an object depends on the average speed of its molecules.
Effectiveness of temperature control depends upon the amount of lubricant supplied, the ambient temperature, and the external cooling.
根据分子理论的原理，物体的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。

温度控制的效果取决于润滑剂的用量、环境温度以及外部的冷却设施。

第1节翻译练习3
Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.
The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy.
Gene piracy is not new.
All plants and animals need carbon for growth.
要特别注意软管，保证没有擦伤。

窃取基因不是新鲜事。

电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。

所有动植物均需要碳才能生长。

第1节翻译练习4
The experiment was a success.
Semiconductor devices can perform a variety of control function in electronic equipment.
这个试验是成功的。

半导体在电子设备中能起各种各样的控制作用。

3.2 冠词的译法
第2节翻译练习1
A polymer is a substance of high molecular weight.
Being a good insulator, rubber is often used in cables.
The patient was administered the mixture twice a week.
These machines may be oiled once or twice a month.
聚合物是一种高分子的物质。

这种混合剂病人每周服用两次。

橡胶是一种良好的绝缘体，所以经常使用在电缆上。

这些机器每个月可以加一次或两次油。

第2节翻译练习2
A bearing can be defined as a member specifically designed to support moving machine components. Use a transformer and power at low voltage can be changed into power at high voltage.
An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero.
轴承可以定义为一种专门用于支撑运动着的机器零件的构件。

静止的物体没有动能，因为它的速度为零。

使用变压器可将低压电转变为高压电。

第2节翻译练习3
作为固定词组时的省译：
on a large scale
a majority of
a wealth of
as a result
结果，因此
大规模地
大多数的
大量的
第2节翻译练习4
The machine is intended for grinding the top and bottom surfaces of tungsten carbide tips.
The mechanism has been termed cumulative feedback inhibition.
该机床是供磨削硬质合金刀片上下表面用的。

这种机制就叫做累加反馈抑制。

第2节翻译练习5
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information.
The main effect is to raise the fundamental slosh mode frequency.
计算机的基本任务是处理信息。

主要作用在于提高基本的晃动频率。

第3章总复习题
Other factors affect the configuration of the total system.
In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage.
Energy can neither be created, nor destroyed by any means known to man.
另一些因素则将影响整个系统的结构。

飞行正常时，舱门与机身平整贴合。

用人们已知的方法，既不能创造能量也不能消灭能量。

It is customary to refer to design levels as high or low on component complexity.
The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continuous train without uncoupling.
He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.
他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。

习惯上根据部件的复杂程度把设计级称为高设计级和低设计级。

此系统的主要经济之处在于它能移动列车的车厢而不必将它们脱钩分开。

A key element in system capacity planning is the financial cost of performance.
The assembler can expand the key words in the assembly code into their full instruction set.
The flame does not touch the flask directly.
这种汇编程序能把汇编码中的关键字扩展成完整的指令集。

系统能力计划中关键因素是性能的金融成本。

火焰没有直接接触烧瓶。

The study of the strength of solids involves the study of the defects in the crystalline structure.
The problem was solved by the provision of a compensating jet.
The rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination of the elements iron and oxygen in moist atmosphere.
研究固体的强度，就必须研究晶体结构中的缺陷。

铁生锈是铁元素和氧元素在湿空气中缓慢化合的现象。

通过安装一个补偿喷嘴，解决了这个问题。

The decay of organic matter is a slow oxidation by oxygen in the air.
In order to improve a certain kind of battery, Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50,000 experiments.
有机物的腐烂是空气中的氧引起的一种缓慢氧化过程。

为了改善一种电池的性能，爱迪生花了差不多十年时间，做了近50000次试验。

4.1 代词的一般译法
第1节翻译练习1
In this cell the light incident on the sensitive surface of the cell causes the photo-electric emission of electrons from the surface, and these electrons are attracted to the other electrode.
The owl can hear a mouse chewing and fly down on it, even though it is hidden from sight under a pile of leaves.
在这种电池中，照在电池光敏表面光电效应而发射电子，而这些电子被吸引到另一电极。

即使老鼠躲藏在一堆叶子下看不见的地方，猫头鹰也能听见老鼠咀嚼的声音而飞下来袭击它。

This might be compared with the mumble of wavelengths of sound that go to make up ordinary noise. 这可以与杂乱的声波相比，一般的噪音就是由这种杂乱的声波组成的。

第1节翻译练习2
Drawing electrons away from the atom causes it to have a net positive electric charge.
Each crystal should have a shape as much like that of the other crystals as possible.
将电子与原子分离会使原子带上纯净正电荷。

每一结晶的形状应与其他结晶的形状尽可能相似。

第1节翻译练习3
Every element retains its identity no matter how it is finely divided.
Astronomers can estimate the size and brightness of a star by its color.
每种元素不论分得怎样细小，它仍保持其特征。

天文学家根据恒星的颜色可以估计它的大小和亮度。

第1节翻译练习4
Many processes have already been proposed, and one possible future process is a smelting reduction. It is possible to work backward from the known strength and determine what factor of safety was used.
Each is a solid sphere with a metallic core surrounded by silicate shells.
我们能够由已知的强度反过来求出所用的安全系数。

它们每一颗都是由硅酸盐外壳包围着金属内核的固态球体。

人们已经提出了很多方法，未来可能的选择之一就是熔融还原法。

第1节翻译练习5
In this chapter our task is to find out what the air is made of.
Today we have a fairly clear idea of what goes on inside of atom.
Practically all of the heat energy received by the earth comes from the sun.
现在我们对原子内部的情况已相当清楚了。

地球所得到的热能几乎都来自于太阳。

在这一章中，我们的任务是弄清空气的构成成分。

4.2 人称代词的译法
第2节翻译练习1
You can decide what resolution and compression level is best for your output.
We’ll do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.
You can find the density of a body providing you know its mass and volume.
We must be very careful to avoid trying to express energy in terms of power units.
我们将尽一切努力来改善电力供应。

只要知道物体的质量和体积，就可求出物体的密度。

你可以决定哪种溶解和压缩程度对成品最好。

必须注意避免用功率单位表示能量。

第2节翻译练习2
It may require the taking of a large sample as in macro analysis.
If an atom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.
如果一个原子有三个质子，这个原子必然有三个电子来使其呈电中性。

它可能要求像宏观分析中那样采用大的样本。

4.3 形容词性物主代词的译法
第3节翻译练习1
The density of anything is its mass per unit volume.
Each substance shows an individual structure of its own.
One of the drawbacks of the early lasers was their inability to operate continuously.
每一种物质都显示出它自己的独特结构。

任何物体的密度是它的每单位体积的质量。

早期激光器的缺点之一是它们不能连续地工作。

第3节翻译练习2
In their workshop there is no one who understands how a computer uses its tubes.
Transistors are more advantageous to vacuum tubes for their being small and light.
The transformer cannot be called a machine because of its having no moving parts.
晶体管优于真空管，因为它尺寸小、重量轻。

在他们车间，无人能理解计算机是怎样使用其电子管的。

变压器不能称为机器，因为它没有转动的部件。

第3节翻译练习3
According to their ability to conduct electric current, all materials may be classified into three major categories: conductors, semiconductors and insulators.
You shouldn’t have touched the wire with your wet hands.
你不该用湿手触摸导线。

根据导电的性能不同，所有的材料可分为三大类：导体、半导体和绝缘体。

第3节翻译练习4
Heating semiconductors means increasing their conductivity.
Triangles can be classified according to their angles or the relative lengths of their sides.
According to their composition, these raw materials may be separated into three groups.
The brain has its managing system.
三角形可按照其角度或其相对边长来分类。

根据这些原材料的构成成分，它们可以分为三种类型。

加热半导体就会增加其导电率。

大脑有自己的管理系统。

4.4 指示代词的译法
第4节翻译练习1
All atoms, except those of hydrogen, contain one or more neutrons in the nucleus.
The speed of the object approaches that of light.
The geometry of the test specimens differs from the geometry of those used in tension tests.
所用试件的形状和尺寸与拉伸试验的试件不同。

除了氢原子外，所有的原子都有一个或几个中子。

该物体的速度接近光速。

第4节翻译练习2
It diffracts the diffracted beam and this means that it generates an inverse transform.
Heat is a form of energy and that is known to all of us.
They used the transformers of poor quality, and this caused the whole power supply system break down.
他们用了一批劣质的变压器，使得整个供电系统陷于瘫痪。

热是能的一种形式，这是大家都知道的。

它对衍射光束发生衍射，这意味着它产生了一个逆变换。

第4节翻译练习3
This is a simple criterion that guarantees the existence of such a representation.
The percentage of such cases among surgical patients can be determined in the following manner.
在接受手术的病人中，这样的病例所占的百分比可用下述方法确定。

这是确保这种等值表达式存在的一个简单标准。

第4节翻译练习4
As a rule solids and liquids expand when heated, water does the same except near its freezing point. The same is true when an alternating voltage is applied to a resistance.
按照固体和液体遇热膨胀的原理，水除了接近其冰点的情况之外也是如此。

当交流电压加在电阻上时，情况也是一样的。

第4节翻译练习5
All motion in this universe is the form of successively rising and falling.
Series do have the advantage of increasing resistance to reduce current when this is desirable.
串联电路的确有这样的优点：在需要时可以增加电阻来减少电流。

宇宙内的一切运动，均处在连续上升和下降的状态中。

4.5 不定代词的译法
第5节翻译练习1
All these elements can be used in semiconductor manufacture.
All transformers and electric machinery use magnetic material.
All the shafts were cut from heavy planks of wood.
所有的变压器和电机都使用磁性材料。

在半导体生产中，所有这些元件都能用上。

箭杆都是用厚木板削制而成的。

Almost all who die of AIDS actually die of starvation.
All the currents at node were not to add up to zero.
Not all the energy from an antenna is radiated in the main beam.
Not all people who test positive for the AIDS antibody get the disease AIDS.
几乎所有丧命爱滋病的患者都是死于饥饿。

并非所有节点上的电流总和为零。

天线能量并不都是由主波束辐射的。

并不是所有的爱滋病抗体试验为阳性的人都患有爱滋病。

第5节翻译练习2
The equipment will compensate for any dimensional variations caused by wheel wear.
Any portion of the flight control system may be readily removed in any sequence by the removal of attaching bolts and nuts.
Which, if any, of the three statements below are false?
拆卸了原装的螺钉及螺母，便可很快地按任意顺序拆除飞机控制系统的任何部分。

该装置对砂轮磨损引起的任何尺寸误差给予补偿。

下面三种说法中如果有错，那么是其中的哪一种？
What, if any, effect do you feel the imports of Canadian gas will have on the American producer? There are few, if any, of them know the construction of the transformer.
你觉得进口加拿大的天然气对美国的生产者可能产生什么影响吗？
他们当中几乎没人懂得变压器的结构。

第5节翻译练习3 Both alternatives are presented on the screen.
Velocity is a vector quantity involving both magnitude and direction.
速度是一种矢量，既有大小，又有方向。

两种选择都在屏幕上显示出来了。

第5节翻译练习4
Each of the bits has a different optimum cutting speed.
There are many types of efficient water pumps, each designed to meet a specific need.
Every element, no matter how it is finely divided, retains its identity.
效率高的水泵有多种类型，每一种都用来满足某个特定的需要。

每个钻头都有一个不同的最佳切割速度。

每种元素不论分得怎样细小，仍保持该元素的特征。

One half of the medium was renewed every three days.
It has an error rate of one or two words in every hundred.
Not every minute difference is noted.
每三天更换一半溶剂。

误差率是每百字有一两个错误。

并非每一个细微的差别都被注意到了。

第5节翻译练习5
Without electricity neither machine could be stared.
I believe either method will do.
我看两种方法中的任何一种都行。

没有电，这两台机器都开动不了。

第5节翻译练习6
Sometimes one finds in fossil stones the imprint of a leaf.
The last sound to reach the receiving ship is the one that hits the basement.
Neutrinos from a subsidiary decay process are the ones to be detected.
传到接收船上的最后的声音就是碰到底层的声音。

有时人们能在化石里发现一片树叶的痕迹。

有待探测的中微子来自次要的衰变过程。

Driving machines are always the opposite of driven ones.
One of the most successful methods of achieving this depends on the use of fluidization.
One of the uses of the triode is that it can amplify.
主动机和从动机总是相反的。

达到这一目的的最成功的方法之一就是采用流化技术。

三极管的用途之一是放大。

Ones who make the decisions on what went into the system are programmers.
Ones who claim ECT is both effective and safe, in fact, cannot prove it.
There are two 300MW thermal power units in this power plant. One is made in China; the other is imported from Germany.
决定要把什么写进系统的人是专业编程人员。

那些宣称电痉挛疗法既有效又安全的人，实际上并无法证明他们的观点。

这家电厂有两台30千瓦火力发电机组，一台是国产的，另一台是从德国进口的。

There are two kinds of electric currents. One is the direct current; the other is the alternating current. 电流有两种，一种是直流电流，另一种是交流电流。

第5节翻译练习7
This chemical is poisonous. Others are poisonous, too.
Some parts require a hard, tough metal and others may be made of softer metals.
The coolant serves no other purpose than to remove excess heat.
Some atomic nuclei undergo spontaneous disintegration while others do not.
冷却剂除了排除多余的热以外没有任何其他用处。

这些化学制品有毒，别的化学制品也有毒。

有些零件需要由硬的韧性金属制成，而有些则可由软的金属制成。

有的原子核会同时裂变，而另外一些却不会。

第5节翻译练习8
Another method is available to increase the system capacity.
Heat is always being transferred in one way or another, where there is any difference in temperature. 凡有温差的地方，热都会以这样或那样的方式传输。

还有另一种可增加系统容量的方法。

第5节翻译练习9
Some metals burn more readily than others.
To specify a distance, we must use some unit of length.
When an object is warmer than the surrounding region, it loses some of its heat by radiation.
The particles require some a day to reach the earth.
为了确定距离，我们必须使用某种长度单位。

有些金属比另一些金属更容易燃烧。

当一个物体比周围环境热时，该物体会通过辐射失去它的一些热量。

这些粒子大约需要一天的时间才能到达地球。

4.6 it及其句型的译法
第6节翻译练习1
It moves or rotates by a fixed amount each time an electrical pulse is applied to it.
To help avoid information overload, it (virtual convergence) will do this intelligently.
The earth rotates as it travels through space.
As current flows through a conductor, it sets up a magnetic field.
为了避免信息过载，它（虚拟连接）将会智能化地进行操作。

对它每加一个电脉冲，它就移动或旋转一个固定的量。

地球在空间运行时，它还要自转。

电流通过导体，便产生磁场。

第6节翻译练习2
It is a $12-billion industry whose factories, numbering in the hundreds, are found all over the world.
It is twenty meters in height.
那个行业资金达120亿美元，工厂有上千家，遍布世界各地。

高度为20米。

第6节翻译练习3
It is very far to the airport.
It is raining hard.
到机场很远。

雨下得很大。

第6节翻译练习4
It is recommended that the screw be used to increase accuracy of measurement.
By using a laser, it is possible to throw very large and very clear television pictures on to a screen.
It was pointed out that while the lead obtained from the disintegration of radium possessed all the characteristics of ordinary lead, it differed from it in atomic weight.
使用激光器，可以将很大很清晰的电视图像投射到屏幕上。

建议使用螺杆调节，以提高测量的精确度。

前已指出，虽然由镭蜕变而获得的铅具有普通铅的一切特性，但其原子量与普通铅不同。

第6节翻译练习5
It necessitates careful design of the apparatus to get rid of the heat.
It is unknown when to begin to make transportable transformers.
It is interesting to compare the energy needed to place a satellite in orbit with the energy that would be required to cause it to escape.
什么时候开始制造移动式变压器还不知道。

除热需要对设备进行仔细设计。

把一颗卫星送入轨道所需的能量和使卫星脱离地球所需要的能量进行比较是很有意思的。

第6节翻译练习6
It used to be thought that when you see a word and speak it, several stages of processing are involved. It must be remembered that the condition may be silent until haematemesis, melaena or perforation occurs.
It is known that electronic computers play an important part in science and technology.。