倒装句的用法

英语倒装句的用法

一：定义

在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时由于语法或修辞的需要将谓语的一部分或整个谓语提到主语前面，这样的语序叫做“倒装”语序。

二：倒装句的类型

部分倒装---- 助动词\情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词型

全倒装---- 谓语+主语型

三：在以下结构中用全倒装

1.在“here, there, now, thus, then，out,up,down,away等副词放句首+动词+主语”的句子中,(谓语动词为be, go, come, lie, run等，主语为名词);

如: Now comes my turn.

There goes the bell.

Then came the order to leave.

Here comes a bus= A bus comes here.

2.当句首的状语为表示地点的介词词组时，且主语又是名词，谓语是表示运动的动词。Out rushed the children.

Down fell the leaves.

On the floor were piles of old books.

Between the two windows hangs a large map of China.

☆注意：以上各种情况若主语是人称代词，如I, he, she, they等，则用正常语序---- adv.+主语+谓语；

eg: Out she went.

There they are.

Here he comes.

3.有时为了强调表语，构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构；

eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.

=She who was chosen to be a leader is lucky.

Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!

The days when women were looked down upon are gone!

4、在某些表示愿望的感叹句，全倒装。

Long live the People's Republic of China!

May you be happy.

四：在以下结构中用部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1.含有否定或半否定意义的词语（如：not,never,seldom,hardly,little,scarcely,few…）；或者含有否定意义的连词（not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner…than...（一。。。就。。。），scarely..than.., Hardly..when.., not until...;nowher等）；或否定意义的介词词组（by no means(决不),in no case（任何情况下都不）, at no time（决不）, on no account（决不）,under no circumstances...（任何情况下都不））位于句首时；

如：

含有否定意义的词语：

I have never seen him before.=Never have I seen him before.

Not a word did he say when he left.

Seldom/Scarecely does he go to that park.

Hardly(几乎不。。。) do I speak to him.

Little English can he speak.

Little does he realize the importance of the meeting.

Few people did I see in the street.

含有否定意义的连词：

如：Not only can he play basketball, but also I can.

No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain.

Hardly had we met our friends when the train left.

Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.(主句倒装，从句不倒装)

=The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.

注意：1)Not only...but also...必须连接两个分句时，才使用部分倒装。而且只倒装not only 后的分句。如果连接的是两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。

如：Not only his father but also I like reading.

2)Hardly...when...(一……就……), No sooner...than...(一……就……)意义基本相同，它们连接的句子，都只倒装前一个分句，及“前倒后不倒（装）”。

如：Hardly had we met our friends when the train left.

No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain.

3)当not until（直到。。。才）引导主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不用倒装，或者可以理解为“后倒前不倒（装）”。

如：Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

含有否定意义的介词词组：

如：By no means should we tell lies.

On no account should we let him leave.

At no time（决不）will I get married to you.

In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.

注意：in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：

In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。