连系动词的用法

连系动词的用法
连系动词本身有一定词义，但不完整，不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成合成谓语。

一. 连系动词分类
1. “状态”类：常见的有：be (是)，keep (保持)，stay (保持)，remain (依然)，seem (似乎是)，appear (似乎，显得)，prove (证明是)，这类词表示具有或保持某种特征或状态。

He is director of our department．他是我们部门的主任。

The meat will keep／stay fresh for several days．肉会保鲜好几天的。

The store remains closed．What’s the matter?
已经是上午十点了，商店仍然关着门，是怎么回事?
The chairwoman seemed very surprised about the question I asked．
女主席似乎对我提出的问题感到吃惊。

The sky appears blue on the earth．从地球上看天空似乎是蓝色的。

As time went on，his theory proved (to be) true．
随着时间的推移，他的理论证明是正确的。

◆keep, remain, stay用法区别
①keep “保持……状态”，后接adj.或介词短语。

其后常见：alive, awake, cheerful, silent, dry, well, fit, fine, close, clean, happy, firm，in one’s stand等。

Have you kept well all these years? 这些年来你身体好么？
I hope it will keep fine. 我希望天气继续好下去。

In order to keep fit, all students go in for sports.
为了保持健康，所有学生都参加体育运动。

We’d better keep in touch. 我们最好保持联系。

②remain “仍然存在……状态”，后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语，强调某种状态前后无变化。

The door remained closed.门仍然关着。

Kosovo intensity remained high.科索沃局势仍然高度紧张。

Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，而约翰依旧是渔民。

Your room remains like this. 你的房间依旧是这样子。

③stay “保持……状态”，后接形容词、分词。

That fellow stayed single. 那个小伙子仍保持单身。

The door stayed closed. 门一直关着（无比较的持续状态）
It’s easy to stay hidden. 躲起来很容易。

Please stay seated. 请继续坐着。

2. “感官”类：主要指与五种感官有关的动词：look (看起来)，sound (听起来)，smell (闻起来)，taste (尝起来)，feel (摸起来／感到)。

The Sydney Opera House looks just like seashells。

悉尼歌剧院看上去就像海贝。

The story sounds true．这个故事听起来像真实的。

The meat you bought last week smells terrible．It has gone bad．
你上周买的肉难闻极了，它已经臭了。

Those oranges on sale taste good．卖的那些橘子尝起来很好吃。

Silk feels soft．丝绸摸上去很柔软。

3. “变化”类：常见的有三组
a．turn (变成)，grow (变得)，get (变成)，become (变成)，make ()
b．come (变得)，go (变得),
c．fall (进入某状态), run (变成，进入)
4. 双谓语系动词
此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。

例如：
The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。

She stopped and stood quite still. 她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。

The book lay open on the table. 那书在桌子上打开着。

The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。

He married young. 他结婚很早。

The window blew open. 窗户吹开了。

She blushed as red as a peony. 她的脸红得像一朵牡丹花。

Lei Feng died young. 雷锋早逝。

The material has worn thin. 这种布料已穿薄了。

The weather continued calm. 天气仍然平静。

He continued silent.他继续沉默不语。

二. become, come, go, get, grow, turn的用法与区别
1. become 和get主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。

另外，become 和get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。

如：
become / get / angry, famous, ill, old, well, deaf, strong生气，成名，得病，变老，痊愈，变聋，变强
get dressed 穿衣服get changed 换衣服
It’s becoming / getting cold (dark, cloudy, etc). 天渐冷了(黑了，多云了等)。

Divorce is becoming / getting more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。

Last night I got caught in the downpour. 昨夜我被雨淋了（表示意想不到）
The new car got scratched. 新车给刮坏了。

（表突发性）
2. go 和come表示变化时，前者主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化，后者则主要指向好的方面变化。

come和go还可接有否定前缀的过去分词。

go bald / deaf / insane 发秃/ 变聋/ 发疯go blind变瞎
go hungry 挨饿，go naked 光着身子
His report went unnoticed. 他的报告没人注意。

The meat’s gone bad. 肉变坏了。

The radio’s gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。

Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。

Everything came right. 一切顺利。

【注】come 除表示向好的方面变化外，还有以下常见搭配值得注意：
come untied 解开，come loose 变松，come undone 松开
3. go和turn还可用于人或事物颜色的变化。

She went / turned blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。

The rotten meat went / turned green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。

4. grow:“渐渐变得……起来，长得”。

主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程：It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。

The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。

The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日见严峻。

My younger brother is growing tall．我的弟弟渐渐长高了。

5. make也可表示某人或某物发生了某些变化，含义为：①合计为②成为，适合作，宜用作，具备…的素质。

make后接名词时，名词前通常加限定词。

Two and two make four. 2加2等于4。

They made friends. 他们交上了朋友。

Penny will make a very good teacher. 彭尼将成为一名很好的老师。

An old cardboard box makes a comfortable bed for a kitten.
旧纸箱给小猫当床是很舒服的。

6. turn指改变特性、本质、状态等。

还指到达或超过某一年龄或时间。

The milk turned sour．牛奶变酸了。

So next year you will turn 16.
7. become与turn都可以接名词，become后的名词前有冠词，turn后的名词无冠词且常用单数。

He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college.
他从医学院毕业后当了作家。

She became a lawyer. 她成了一名律师。

.
8. run：变成，进入……状态。

后面接short, dry, low, deep等词，主语多为能流动，能消耗掉的东西。

如：
run short / low ……没胜多少，快用完run short of sth 快用完……run dry 干涸run wild 放肆，撒野
Still waters run deep. 水静流深，人静心深。

They ran out of money.
Their money was running short.
Still waters run deep.
Don't let the children run wild.
9. fall“进入（某种状态），成为”，后常接以下形容词：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.
fall ill 生病fall short 没中, fall apart 散开, fall silent 沉默
fall flat直挺挺地倒达不到预想效果;彻底失败下fall lame 变瘸
The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent.
那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。

My father fell ill and died.我的父亲生病死了。

His horse fell lame.他的马瘸了。

She fell flat on her face as she got out of the car.
她一下车便直挺挺地脸朝下倒了下去。

That deal fell flat. Nobody was interested at all.
那交易彻底失败,没有人再有任何兴趣。

三. 使用连系动词注意事项
1. 所有连系动词都不用于被动语态中，除“变化”类fall和feel以外的连系动词都不用于进行时态中。

一Do you like the material? 你喜欢这块布料吗?、
—Yes, it feels soft．是的，它摸上去很柔软。

He is feeling even worse today．他今天感觉更糟了。

2. 连系动词后可接过去分词作表语，相当于被动语态。

Please stay / remain seated．请坐好。

The room soon became crowded．屋里一会儿就挤满了人。

3. 为了强调表语，同时保持句子平衡，当主语是名词时，可把表语提前，引起倒装。

So honest was the boy that everyone believed in him．这个孩子很诚实，大家都信任他。

Great have been our achievements since we cooperated last year．我们去年合作以来已取得巨大成绩。

4. 连系动词也可跟不定式to do／to be。

常见的有remain，seem，appear，prove 等。

come, get, grow后可接不定式表示变化过程，come表示“最终变得”，get 表示“由不……变得”，grow表示“渐渐变得”。

如：
I've really come to love this place. 我终于爱上了此地。

Mary's growing to be more and more like her mother. 玛丽越来越喜欢她妈咪了。

You'll soon get to know about the result. 你不久会了解结果的。

Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it．
去国外旅游对这对老夫妇来说当然好，但是还是得看他们是否喜欢。

On the long journey，Peter proved to be a most interesting guide, we all had a wonderful time．
在这次长途旅行中，彼得证明是一个非常有趣的导游。

我们都玩得很尽兴。

5. 它们都可以接介词短语，固定搭配需要一个一个地记。

如：
The problem will come under discussion.
They fell behind the others.
What has become of the girl.
It's getting near tea-time.
You’ll soon grow to like her. 你很快就会喜欢她的。

It’s becoming a serious problem．它正在成为一个严重问题。

The little plant grew into a tree. 幼苗长成了一棵树。

They went out of fashion years ago．它们好多年前已变得不时新了。

Multiple choice:
1. What he said sounds_______.
A. nicely
B. pleasantly
C. friendly
D. wonderfully
2. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell_____.
A. well, well
B. bad, bad
C. well, badly
D. badly, bad
3. He turned ____ ten years ago but later he became _____.
A. a teacher; a doctor
B. teacher; doctor
C. teacher; a doctor
D. a teacher; doctor
4. The dog _____lost yesterday.
A. got
B. became
C. turned
D. fall
5. The old man must have ____ mad.
A. gone
B. turned
C. fallen
D. driven
6. I felt ____ that I should leave.
A. strong
B. strongly
C. to be strong
D. very strong
7. —Do you like the material?
—Yes, it _____ very soft.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt
8. I am afraid the weather will _____ hot for a few days.
A. last
B. be lasted
C. stay
D. be stayed
9. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _____ poor.
A. proves
B. remains
C. maintains
D. continues
10. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.
A. does
B. feels
C. gets
D. makes
11. The cloth that ___________ smooth and soft ___________.
A. feels; sells well
B. feels; is well sold
C. is felt; sells well
D. is felt; sells good
12. ___________ delicious, the food was soon sold out.
A. Tasted
B. Being tasted
C. Tasting
D. To taste
13. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have ____________ twenty-one already.
A. become
B. turned
C. grown
D. passed
14. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ___________ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat
B. seating
C. seated
D. to be seating。