全面的SSAT词汇帮你攻破SSAT考试

全面的SSAT词汇帮你攻破SSAT考试
SSAT的verbal和reading题目确实有很多技巧可循，但是如果知道单词的确切含义，题目的相对难度就会下降，正确率和速度都将大幅度提高，使考生成竹在胸。

但同时在SSAT中遇见生词是不可避免的。

生词有的时候并不会影响得分，比如在阅读中，可以通过上下文来猜测生词的含义。

例如：
Steve had nervous tics that exposed his anxiety at inconvenient times – during an oral report, one or another his appendages might start twitching uncontrollably.
appendage对于大多数没有复习过词汇的考生来说是一个生词，但是如果能够猜出其意思是"parts of the body "，就能过正确理解句子意思。

但是要注意，字典上appendage的主要释义另有其意：不光指身体的部分。

下次考试中再遇见appendage的时候，可能就是另外的意思了。

SSAT考察单词的字典释义，所以只根据以前出现的单词语境来推断单词的含义是非常危险的。

另外，单词大都有多重含义，从语境中也不可能推断出其所有含义。

所以每当遇见一个新词，我们要让学生做的第一件事情是：让他们从该词的使用方式中猜测其含义，来训练学生猜词的能力;然后，讲解该词语更加全面的字典释义。

本文主要包括下面内容：SSAT考生学习词汇的方法：中学生由于年龄的特点在学习词汇的时候可以采用的主要方法;同龄的美国考生学习词汇的资料：同样可以被国内考生借鉴;考生应该掌握的有关词汇的最基本的知识：词根和词缀，以及分类和应用举例;根据官方资料出来的常考词汇和特征分析。

一)考生学习词汇的主要方法
扩展词汇的最佳方法就是进行阅读。

一定要先让学生从兴趣开始，比如引导他们从报纸的体育部分或者笑话部分开始。

很多中学生喜欢阅读成人的畅销书。

这非常好，但是一定要加以指导，因为很多畅销书的词汇水平低于中学生的实际水平。

为了学习词汇而进行的阅读一定要辅以翻阅字典。

零碎的时间里面可以阅读考生自己制作的阅读材料，比如卡片。

如果可以上网的话，可以玩一些词汇类的游戏，比如hangman。

纵横字谜(crossword)也是激发学生积极性的好方法。

一个礼拜中的crossword难度不同，最好让学生从周一开始，以减少挫折感。

游戏时同样可以使用字典。

以上方法最好同时使用，既可以增加知识，又可以从不同的渠道来整合信息。

如果从多个侧面接触到一个单词，它就会变成你的日常知识。

二)美国学生学习词汇的资料
对于美国的学生，由于他们处在英语的语境中，所以可以从身边的阅读中扩充词汇量。

比如阅读家长或者年龄稍长孩子的报纸杂志。

这些主要包括：
•报纸
"New York Times" (),"USA Today"(),"Wall Street Journal"()
•杂志
"Times" ,"Newsweek" ,"National Geographic" ,"Popular Science"
•书
从有趣的阅读中掌握新词汇是一件快乐的事情。

以下列出一些既可以让考生爱不释手，又可以从中学习新词的内容。

遇见陌生单词的时候，一定要记录在卡片上，并且同时尽量根据下文来猜测其含义。

•小说
"Watership Down" (Richard Adams),"The Outsiders" (S. H. Hinton),"Great Expectations" (Charles Dickens),"Pride and Prejudice"(Jane Austen),"Jane Eyre" (Charlotte Bronte),"The Call of the Wild" (Jack London),"The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes"(Sir Arthur Conan Doyle),"To Kill a Mockingbird"(Harper Lee),"Animal Farm"(George Orwell),"The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn"( Mark Twain),"Things Fall Apart" (Chinua Achebe),"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" (Maya Angelou)
•科幻
"The Phantom Tollbooth" (Norton Juster),"The Hobbit" (J. R. R. Tolkien),"The Lord of the Rings" (J. R. R. Tolkien),"I, Robot" (Isaac Asimov),"Fahrenheit 451" (Ray Bradbury),"The War of the Worlds" (H. G. Wells),"Brave New World" (Aldous Huxley)
•非小说
"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" (Frederick Douglass),"The Diary of a Young Girl" (Anne Frank),"The Weight Brothers" (Russell Freedman),"Twenty Years at Hull House" (Jane Addams)
一些专业的词汇书籍和网上资源同样是增加词汇量的好工具。

•书
"Word Power Made Easy" (Norman Lewis),"Word Smart" and "Word Smart II" (Adam Robinson),"Word Smart Junior" and "Word Smart Junior II" (C. L. Brantley)
其中"Word Smart" and "Word Smart II"这两本适用于8-12年级，"Word Smart Junior" and "Word Smart Junior II"这两本适用于6-8年级。

•网站
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三)考生应该掌握词汇的基本知识
1.后缀
后缀可以告诉我们单词的词性。

举例：以下SSAT都包含基本的后缀。

-ness happiness, friendliness
-able perishable, amiable
-ous androgynous, fibrous
-ity animosity, charity
-ology psychology, sociology
-ical tyrannical, hypothetical
-archy monarchy, anarchy, matriarchy
-less fearless, artless
2.前缀和词根
前缀在单词的开头，词根可以在单词的任何位置。

这两种单词的部分都对记忆单词有很大帮助。

比如，考生遇见vociferous，可以思考其中voc这个词根，尽量想出同样含有voc的其它单词。

我们知道vocal和说话有关系，自然可以推断出vociferous同样和说话有关系。

如果能想象vociferous表示喊叫，那么剩下的意思也可以记住：说话大声并且不连续的。

注意voc在vociferous和vocal中的发音不同。

词根经常会改变发音，很多词根已经出现几百年了。

随着时间的推移，不光发音会变化，含义也会变化，所以现在的单词含义已经不是简单的词根累加了。

所以词根学习不能取代查字典，只能帮助记忆新词汇并且对词汇进行分组。

考生应该掌握的SSAT后缀，前缀和词根
•后缀
X-able adjective “able to be Xed”
X-archy noun “rulership by X”
X-ical adjective “characterized by X”
X-less adjective “without X”
X-ness noun “quality of being X”
X-ology noun “doctrine or theory of X”
X-ous adjective “having the quality of X”
•前缀和词根
a without
ab/ abs away from, against ac/ acr sharp
ad/ at to, toward
am to love
amb to go, to walk
anim life, spirit
ante before
anthr/ andr mankind, man
anti against, opposite
apt/ ept skill, ability, fit bell war
bene good
bi two
carn flesh
chron time
circ/ circum around
cis to cut
cli to lean
clu/ clo/ cla to close, shut co/ com/ con with, together cred believe
culp blame
cur/ cour to run
de away from/ the opposite of dem people
derm skin
di apart, through, away
dic to say, to tell
dign/ dain worth
dis apart, away from, not
dys faulty, bad
epi upon
equi/ equ equal
esce to become
eu good, pleasing
ex/ ej out, put out
extr outside, beyond
fac to make, to do
fic/ fig to make, to do
fid faith, trust
gen birth, creation, kind
gyn woman
her/ hes to stick
hetero different, other
homo same
hyper over
hypo under
in/ il/ im/ ir not
in/ en/ im/ em into
inter between, among
intra within, inside
loc/ loq/ log to speak
luc/ lum light
magna great, big
mal bad
man hand
mis wrong, bad
mit/ mis to send
morph shape, form
mut change
nat/ nas/ nai to be born
neo/ nov new
nom/ nym name
ob against, in front of, toward omni all, every
pan all, everywhere
par equal
path feeling
phil love of
phobe fear of
phon sound
plac to please
pon/ pos place, put
port to carry
post after
pot power, ability
pre before
pro forward, supporting
pun/ pen to pay, compensate, punish re again, back
sci knowledge, to know
scrib/ script to write
sed/ sid to sit, be still
sequ, secu to follow
spec to look, appear
sub under, less than
super over, greater than
tact touch
techn tools, art, skill
ten to hold
tens/ ten to stretch
terr earth
tract to drag, pull, draw
trans across
un/ non not
uni one
us/ ut to use
ven/ vent to come vers/ vert to turn
vi/ viv life
vid/ vis to see
voc to call
vor to eat
•词根和词缀分类举例Counting
semi/ hemi/ demi half mono/ uni one
duo/ bi two
tri three
quad/ quat four
quint five
sext six
sept seven
oct eight
nov nine
dec ten
cent hundred
mill thousand
poly many
Fear
phobia
•构词举例
acrophobia fear of heights pedophobia fear of children phonophobia fear of sound photophobia fear of light pyrophobia fear of fire
Study
ology
archaeology study of ancient history biology study of life
cosmology study of the universe etymology study of word origins genealogy study of family origins geology study of the earth graphology study of handwriting psychology study of the mind seismology study of earthquake sociology study of society
Family Root
pater father
mater mother
sor sister
gen birth
Senses
vis/ vid see
tact/ tangi touch
audi hear
son sound
patho/ pathy feelings, suffering corp body
man hand
Location
ad to
ante before
circum around
con/ com together, with
de from, down
in/ il/ im in, into, on
inter between
intro within
peri around, about
re again, back
se apart
tele distant
trans across, beyond
super over, above
四)考生应该掌握的SSAT高频词汇
以下词汇从SSAT样题中选取，从中可以看出SSAT考察的词汇难度。

并且这些高频词汇很可能再出现在以后的考题中。

给出的释义是已经考察过的。

参加高级考试考生必须认识以下所有单词，根据含义分组:
•Attempting to be funny
jeer to make fun of
jest to joke
parody a humorous imitation
recreation something done for him, a hobby or game
skit a short comic scene
•Let’s get together
adjunct an accessory, something added on
coalesce to come together
congeal to thicken, or change from liquid to solid
consensus an agreement
contiguous lying side-by-side
fission a splitting apart
fusion a joining together
integrate to bring together and make whole
juxtapose to place side by side
pact a formal agreement between two countries
rendezvous a meeting, usual secret
Make it official
abdicate to give up power
accord to be in agreement
allege to declare that something is true without proof assess to evaluate or determine the worth of
condone to forgive or to disregard an offense conventional traditional, ordinary
counsel to advise
debunk to prove false
decree an order or command
inquiry a request for instruction
ratify to approve, usually a law
sustain to support
•Hard to handle
ambiguous unclear
amorphous without shape
egress exit
epoch a period of time
intangible not able to be touched or sensed
itinerant nomadic, constantly moving
kinetic moving
obscure hidden or dark, hard to see
•polymorphous having many shapes
prolific fertile, very productive
remote far away, distant
scull a small rowboat or an oar for a rowboat sporadic having no pattern or order
surrogate a substitute
variegated having many parts or colors
writhe to twist
•The perfect mate
akin related to or alike
altruistic doing good for others
amiable friendly, good-natures
aspirant someone searching for something astute sharp, shrewd
benevolence goodness
congenial agreeable
equivalent equal
extol to praise
placate to quiet down, appease
•You don’t want to know this guy
aloof keeping a distance
animosity hostility
banal unoriginal and boring
belligerent hostile, warlike
browbeat to intimate
choleric irritate
debilitating weakening, harmful
deficient lacking an essential part
garrulous overly talkative
•incompetent not able to do something properly
insipid lacking interest, dull, boring
insolent disrespectful, rude
irate enraged
notorious known widely and unfavorably
ostentatious showy, pretentious
pedantic overly scholarly, boring
profane to abuse or put to ill use
pugnacious hostile
ravenous extremely hungry
recalcitrant disobedient, stubborn
•sanctimonious acting morally superior, holier-than-thou warlock a male witch
•A bad scene
abyss a deep narrow pit
adverse unfavorable, opposed, going against
aggravate to make worse
assailable vulnerable
barrage a flood
brig the prison of a ship
corpulent excessively overweight
founder to sink
hovel a shack
impasse a deadlock, a point at which one can go no further indictment the situation of having been charges with a crime insinuation a sneaky suggestion of something bad
mar to spoil, to mark
null zero value
quiver a portable container for arrows
plight a bad situation ,a predicament
repudiate to put down, to renounce
rue to regret
ruse a clever trick
sedate to clam, especially by using of a drug
slander a false and mean-spirited statement meant to injure someone superfluous more than what is required or needed
•simply perfect
benign harmless
clarity clearness
deft skillful
exquisite beautifully made or designed
immaculate perfectly clean, free from dirt or stain
meticulous careful, paying attention to details
pious deeply religious
robust healthy
•Time to make a speech
•illuminate to light up or make clear
imply to express indirectly
lament to express grief for, mourn
•reminiscence a memory, the act of recalling the past •Just under the surface
dormant temporarily inactive, asleep
eradicate to erase or get rid of
excavate to dig up
fundamental as essential part, basic
innate possessed at birth, not learned
merge to blend together
•Hardworking
adept very skilled
facet an aspect of something
ingenuity innovation, creativity
inscribe to write or etch words on or into a surface novice a beginner
procure to obtain
tenacious holding firmly, especially to a belief, stubborn toil hard work, or to work hard
vend to sell
vigor strength, energy
wane to decrease in size or strength
•Nice attitude
admiring regarding with approval or respect
ambivalence having opposing or mixed feelings
analytical intending to understand the nature of something
biased favoring one side or opinion over another
brash bold
cautious careful
dubious doubtful
ironic the use of words to express an unintended or contradictory meaning
jubilant overly joyful
objective not influenced by personal opinion, just the facts
sarcastic the use of witty language used to insult or show displeasure
skeptical doubtful
somber overly serious, dark or gloomy
subjective influenced by personal opinion, biased
temperament your use mood or behavior
由此可见，这些词汇在当前国内的GRE和SAT教学中同样是核心重点词汇。

ETS把很多研究生入学和大学入学考试的词汇下放到了中考里面。

如果一个国内的初中生甚至小学生能够掌握以上词汇，对今后的词汇扩展是大有裨益的。