当前农村基层政权建设中存在的问题及其对策研究 精品
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硕士学位论文
论文题目:当前农村基层政权建设中
存在的问题及其对策研究
研究生姓名:
学科、专业:马克思主义理论与思想政治教育研究方向:中国特色社会主义
导师姓名、职称:
论文完成时间:2009年4月
大学博士/硕士学位论文原创性说明
(在□划“√”)
本人郑重声明:此处所提交的博士□硕士□论文《当前农村基层政权建设中存在的问题及其对策研究》,是本人在导师指导下,在大学攻读博士□硕士□学位期间独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。论文中除注明部分外不包含他人已经发表或撰写的研究成果。对本文的研究工作做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中已明确的方式注明。本声明的法律结果将完全由本人承担。
作者签名:日期:
大学博士/硕士学位论文使用授权书
(在□划“√”)
《当前农村基层政权建设中存在的问题及其对策研究》系本人在大学攻读博士□硕士□学位期间,在导师指导下完成的博士□硕士□学位论文。本论文的研究成果归大学所有,本论文的研究内容不得以其他单位的名义发表。本人完全了解大学关于保存、使用学位论文的规定,同意学校保留并向有关部门送交论文的复印件和电子版本,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权大学,可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文,可以公开发表论文的全部或部分内容。
作者签名:日期:
导师签名:日期:
摘要
农村基层政权是国家为治理农村而建立的权力机构,它是我国人民民主专政政权的基础组织,是国家与农村社会融合在一起的桥梁和纽带,在新农村建设中发挥重要作用。伴随着农村政治、经济的巨大发展,农村基层政权逐渐暴露出诸多问题,这些问题的存在严重阻碍了乡镇政权的正常运作,使政权陷入了沉重的体制、财政等压力中。乡镇基层政权能否根据形势的变化进行适当的改革和调整,维护农村基层政权的稳定,直接关系到“三农”问题的有效解决,关系到农村的稳定,关系到国民经济的持续、健康、快速发展。因此,有必要从理论上对乡镇政权存在的问题进行梳理,分析其成因,并结合实践探索乡镇治理体制改革的可行性路径。
本文在辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的研究方法指导下,采用文献法、系统分析法、案例分析、利益分析法等相结合的研究方法,结合新农村建设和国家税费制度改革的大背景,围绕农村基层政权建设这一问题存在的问题进行了分析和论证。本文由引言和四个部分组成:导言部分主要是阐述选题缘由、研究现状及研究方法和创新之处,从整体上阐明本文的写作意图。第一部分主要是对我国农村基层政权的理论概述。首先对农村基层政权概念和职能进行了阐述,然后概述农村基层政权的历史沿革、比较不同时期的制度差异,以探求共同的演变规律,从而为当前的乡镇政权建设提供一些有益的借鉴。之后系统阐述了农村基层政权的地位和作用,突出强调农村基层政权建设的重要性。第二部分是对当前农村基层政权中存在的问题进行分析,这是本文的重点。在当前市场经济体制下,乡镇政权的作用和任务逐渐消解,暴露出的诸多问题使乡镇政权继续存在的合理性和合法性不断遭到质疑。乡镇政权的现实困境是对其展开理论研究和实践探索的直接动因。这部分包括乡镇治理结构和法定职权残缺、乡镇债务沉重、乡镇干部腐败和农村公共产品供给不足和结构失衡四个问题。第三部分主要是对当前农村基层政权中存在问题的原因进行分析。由于乡镇政权中存在的问题错综复杂,具有综合性,产生上述问题的原因也是多方面的。本文重点围绕着乡镇政权权力结构失衡、压力型的行政体制、分税制的财政体制、农村税费制度改革、城乡二元经济结构等展开论述。第四部分是本文的难点所在,对当前农村基层政权中存在的问题提出近期的改革方案,从理顺党政关系、理顺县乡关系、深化乡镇政府机构改革、改革压力型的政府运行体制、重建乡镇财政和构筑新型的农村公共产品供给体制上进行了分析和论证。
关键词:农村基层政权;问题;对策
Abstract
As institutions of the regime,the rural grass-roots power are established in order to govern rural areas,which is the basic organization of people's democratic dictatorship regime in our country,the country and the rural community fuses in together bridge and link,plays the leading role in the new rural reconstruction. Following rural politics,the economical huge development,rural grass-roots power is gradually exposed many problems in the rural society. The existence of these problems seriously hinders the normal operation of township government,so that power fell into a heavy institutional,financial and other pressures. Whether the rural grass-roots power carry on suitable reform and adjustment according to situation change,maintain rural grass-roots power the stably,is directly related to the stability of rural areas,related to an effective solution to the problem of "three rural",related to sustained,healthy and rapid development of national economy. It is necessary that we comb the question which exists to the rural grass-roots power theoretically,analyze its causes,combined with the practice of the township to explore the feasibility of the path of governance reform.
This article is composed of the introduction and four parts: The introduction part mainly elaborates the selected topic reason,the present situation and innovation,to clarify the overall intent of writing this article. The first part is mainly to outline the rural grass-roots power theoretically. First of all,the concept and functions of rural grass-roots political power are described,and then to the rural grass-roots history of the regime,comparing different systems in different periods in order to explore the common evolution rule,thus provides some beneficial models for the current villages and towns political power construction. Afterward elaborates the rural grass-roots power's status and the function systematically,focusing on the importance of the rural grass-roots power construction. The second part is on the current political power of rural grass-roots problems in the analysis,which is the focus of this article. Under the current market economy system,the rural grass-roots power's function and the duty dispel. Many questions are gradually exposes,so that the township government's legitimacy and the legality of are questioned constantly. The reality of the plight in township government is to start their theoretical study and practical exploration of the direct cause,paving the way for the third part of issue document. This section includes the defects of township governance structure and legal authority,township debt heavy,corruption of township cadres and public product supplies insufficiency and structure unbalanced in rural areas four questions. The third part is on analysis of the cause of the problem exist in the rural grass-roots power. Problems of township government is complex,integrated,resulting in the above-mentioned reasons for the problem is multi-faceted. This article focuses on the imbalance of power structure in village and