词性转换(后缀)
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专接本英语词性转换培训资料
冯玲
词性转换(后缀)
★-ability/-ibility : 名词后缀,由-able/ -ible 加-ity而成,构成抽象名词,表示性质、状态,意为“可…性”、“易…性”、“可…”。
e.g. suit --suitable ----- suitability move – movable --- movability
There is always the (possible) ___________ of an earthquake in this region, but so far there has been no sign of trouble. (possibility)
The rapid development of science and technology has opened up many (possible) __________ to human beings. (possibilities)
★-able / ible : 形容词后缀,附加在动词后,表示“可…的”、“能…的”;也可附在名词后构成形容词,表示“可…的”
e.g. sale – saleable 可出售的notice --- noticeable 可注意到的
move – movable 可移动的sense --- sensible 可感觉的
It’s (reason) ________ for parents to pay for their children’s education.(2004.12)(reasonable)
The weather here is (change) ________. You’d better bring a raincoat with you in case it rains. (changeable)
★–ably / ibly : 副词后缀,由形容词后缀–able/ -ible 转成,表示“…地”、“可…地”e.g. note – notable --- notably sense – sensible – sensibly
★– acy 名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示状态、性质等
e.g. private --- privacy 隐居,私密accurate -- accuracy 精确
★– age名词后缀
(1)表示集合名词:baggage 行李teenage 青少年luggage (总称)行李
average 平均数
(2)表示地点、场所:passage 通道village 村庄cottage 村舍
(3)表示费用:postage 邮费
(4)表示活动、动作:
e.g. marry – marriage 结婚leak --- leakage 漏
(5)表示情况、状态、身份等:courage 勇气shortage 不足
★– al(1)形容词后缀,表示“…的”、“具有…特性的”
e.g. nation – national 国家的emotion --- emotional 感情上的
addition – additional 附加的,额外的
The organization started a (nation) _______ campaign against cigarette smoking in public places. (national)
(2)名词后缀,表示“动作”、“过程”,或表示人和物
e.g. arrive --- arrival 到达refuse – refusal 拒绝
try --- trial 尝试survive --- survival 幸存
criminal 罪犯
At the meeting a (propose) _____ was put forward by John Smith. (proposal)
★– ality 复合名词后缀,由形容词后缀–al + 名词后缀- ity 而成,表示“性质”或“具有某种性质的事物”
e.g. equal – equality 平等national –nationality 国籍
★–an (1)名词后缀,表示“…地方的人”、“精通…的人”
e.g. American美国人Asian 亚洲人
(2)形容词后缀,表示“属于…的”、“有…性质的”、“属于某地方的”,带此后缀的形容词有的兼做名词
e.g. Roman 罗马的;罗马人American 美国的;美国人Asian 亚洲的;亚洲
★–ance/ ancy : 抽象名词后缀,与形容词后缀-ant相对应,表示状态、情况及性质等,许多名词具有-ance 和–ancy 两种形式
e.g. relevant --- relevance (relevancy) 关联,恰当,有关
elegant ----elegance (elegancy) 优美endurance 忍耐
assistant --- assistance 援助
The boss gave him a raise in salary because of his excellent (perform) ________ at work. (performance)
★– ant: (1)形容词后缀,与名词后缀–ance 或-ancy 相对应,表示“…的”、“具有…
性质的”
e.g. assistance – assistant 辅助的significance --- significant 重大的
relevance – relevant 有关的
Advice, sometimes, may not sound (please) _________ to our ears, but it will prove helpful. (pleasant)
★– arity 复合名词后缀,由–ar + - ity 而成,表示情况、性质等
e.g. similar ---- similarity 相似regular – regularity 规律性
popular – popularity 普及,大众性
★–ate : (1) 名词后缀表示人(某种职业或某种地位的人);表示职位、职权
e.g. candidate 候选人delegate 代表doctorate 博士学位
(2)动词后缀,表示“成为…”、“使化合”、“处理”
e.g. fascinate 使着迷educate 教育
The gas company officials (investigation) ___________ the cause of an explosion which badly damaged a house in London. ( investigated)
(3)形容词后缀,表示“具有…特征的”、“充满…的”、“如…形状的”、“具有…
的”
e.g. considerate 体贴的temperate 温和的
★– ation :名词后缀表示情况、状态、性质;表示动作、行为;表示行为的过程、结果e.g. operate – operation 手术prepare --- preparation 准备
explain – explanation 解释
It is really surprising that his (imitate) ______ of that singer could be almost perfect. (imitation)
★- ative : 形容词后缀,表示“…的”、“有…性质的”、“与…有关的”,带此后缀的词有的可兼做名词
e.g. affirm (断言)---affirmative 肯定的representative 有代表性的/代表
★– cy 名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示性质、状态等
e.g. infancy 婴儿期secrecy 秘密bankruptcy 破产
He became highly experienced in international (diplomatic) _________. (diplomacy 外交)
★– dom : 名词后缀表示职位、领域、集体;身份、状态、性质
e.g. kingdom 王国filmdom 电影界wisdom 智慧
By sitting around for communication, parents can share their (wise) _________ and experiences with their children. (wisdom)
★– ed : 形容词后缀,加在名词之后,表示“有…的”、“如…的”
(1)n +ed = adj.
e.g. aged 年老的gifted 有天才的colored 彩色的
We must keep the manager (inform) _________ of the advertising campaign.(2009.6) (informed) If all the people agree on the (suggest) ________ plan, we shall hold the sports meet at the end of this month. (suggested)
(2) V+ ed = adj (Ved:过去分词)
e.g. a printed word; a broken glass;
★– ee : 名词后缀表示“处于某一情况下的人”,大多数含有别动意义(与–er区分开)e.g. examinee ---- examiner employee ---- employer
trainee ---- trainer
I am sure the secretary who has just been hired will prove to be an efficient (employ) _________. (employee)
★–en : (1)动词后缀,加在一部分名词或形容词之后,构成动词,表示“使成为…”、“使变成…”
e.g. dark --- darken 变黑deep--- deepen 加深long -- length --- length 伸长Before the flight takes off, all passengers are asked to (fast) _______ their seat belts. (fasten) (2)形容词后缀,加在一部分物质名词之后,表示“由…制造成的”、“含有…
质的”
e.g. gold --- golden 金质的wood --- wooden 木制的wool --- woolen 羊毛制的
The businessman lost a (gold) ________ chance to make a big fortune. (golden)
★–ence / ency : 名词后缀,与形容词后缀–ent相对应,构成抽象名词,表示动作、性质、状态等,有些词具有-ence 与-ency 两种后缀形式。
e.g. different --- difference 不同influent ---- influence 影响
frequent – frequency 频率urgent --- urgency 紧急
I’m afraid there is not much (differ) _________ in their points of view. (difference)
The success of a student depends more on hard work than on his (intelligent)_________. (intelligence)
★– ent : 形容词后缀,与名词后缀–ence 或-ency 相对应,表示“具有…性质的”、“关于…
的”
e.g. innocence --- innocent 无罪的fluency --- fluent 流畅的
confidence – confident 自信的frequency --- frequent 屡次的
Anything that is (urgently) __________must be attended to (注意、关注) immediately.
★-er: 名词后缀,表示人,抽象名词,或加在形容词或副词后表示比较级
College (leave) ________ need academic qualifications to apply for a job. (leavers)
The loss of 100 lives in the earthquake was a great (disastrous) _________. (disaster)
It’s a lot (easy) _________ to learn a foreign language in the country where it is spoken than at home. ( easier)
★- ern :形容词后缀,表示方向及性质
e.g. modern现代的southern南方的
★-ery: 名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示行为、状态等;表示行业、地位等;表示地点、场所等
e.g. rob--- robbery掠夺image --- imagery 形象化描述bakery烤面包房greenery温室
★-ess: 名词后缀,表示女性或雌性动物
e.g. host --- hostess女主人lion --- lioness母狮
★-fic: (亦作-ific)形容词后缀,表示“令…的”、“使…的”,或表示“具有某种性质的”,有时也用做名词后缀
e.g. science --- scientific科学的honor --- honorific尊敬的
★-fication: 抽象名词后缀,表示“形成”、“…化”等意义,与动词后缀-fy相对应。
带后缀-fy的动词转成名词时有的用-faction,由的用-fication满足
★-ful: (1)名词后缀,表示“充满…所需的量”
e.g. handful一把mouthful 一口
(2)形容词后缀,表示“充满…”、“有…性质”
e.g. care --- carefule小心的help --- helpful乐于助人的
It’s really (wonder) __________ to see you here again in Beijing. (wonderful)
★-fy: 动词后缀,表示“使成为…”、“将…变为…”,大多数构成及物动词
e.g. satisfy(使)满足simple --- simplify使简化glory --- glorify增光
I could speak their language and (identical) _________ with their problems because I had been there for many years. (identify)
★-hood: 名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示身份、资格、性质、状态等
e.g. childhood童年neighborhood邻近地区manhood成年brotherhood兄弟之情The (neighbor) _________ I live in does not have such conveniences as a supermarket, a bank and a hospital. (neighborhood)
★-ial: (1) 形容词后缀,由连接字母–i+-al 而成,表示“属于…的”、“据有…的”、“有…性质的”
e.g. face ---facial 面部的part---partial 部分的
(2) 有些一“ce”为结尾的词,加-ial时在拼写上将“ce”改为“t”
e.g. palace --- palatial 宫殿似的experience --- experiential 凭经验的
confidence --- confidential 极受信任的
★-ian: (1)形容词后缀,表示“属于某国的、某地的、某人的”,可兼做名词后缀,表示“人或语言”
e.g. Canadian 加拿大的(人)Egyptian 埃及的(人、语)
(2)名词后缀,表示“属于某种职业、地位或特征的人”
e.g. guardian 守卫者civilian 平民
Is this man a (politics) _________ or a statesman? (politician)
★-ibility: 名词后缀,由-ible+-ity 构成,表示“可…性”、“易…性”
e.g. responsibility 责任sensibility 敏感性resistibility 可抵抗性
He didn’t realize what a ( responsible) ________ he had taken on. (responsibility)
★-ible:形容词后缀,表示“可…的”、“易…的”
e.g.producible 可生产的sensible 可感觉的resistible 可抵抗的
★-ic: 形容词后缀,表示“属于…的”、“有…性质的”、“具有…的”
e.g. romantic 浪漫的atomic 原子的poetic 诗的
Some experts suggest that we slow down the (economy)_______ growth in the country.
(economic)
★-ical: 复合形容词后缀,表示“属于…的”、“有…性质的”
e.g. topic --- topical 题目的logic --- logical合乎逻辑的music --- musical 音乐的The (biology) __________ clocks make plants and animals live in harmony with the rhythms of nature. (biological)
区分-ic和-ical 结尾的形容词有的意义不同
comic戏剧的--- comical 滑稽的historic 历史性的--- historical 历史的
economic 经济(学)的--- economical 节约的
★-ician: 名词后缀,表示“精于某种学术的人、专家、能手或从事某种职业的人”
e.g. politician 政客musician 音乐家technician 技术员electrician 电工
★-ics : 名词后缀构成名词单数表示学科
e.g. electronics 电子学physics 物理学
★-ility: 名词后缀,由–il(e) + -ity构成,表示性质、状态、情况
e.g. fertility 肥沃facility 技能、技巧mobility 可动性
The rapid development of science and technology has opened up many (possible) _______ to human beings. (possibilities)
★-ing: (1) 名词后缀,表示行为,状态,情况;…行业;某种行业的产物
e.g. swimming 游泳banking 银行家building 建筑物
e.g. The new university graduate is confident of (win) ___________ the post as the assistant to the
managing director. (winning)
(2) 形容词后缀,表示“正在…的”、“使…的”、“…的”
e.g. burning 燃烧的exciting 使人兴奋的fighting 战斗的
It’s far more (interest) ________ for me to chat online with friends than to watch TV. (interesting)
★-ion: 名词后缀构成抽象名词,表示情况、状态、行为等
e.g. fashion 时尚possession 拥有expression 表示operation 手术
Officers that were making a careful (inspect) ____________ of the ship found fifty kilograms of the drug. (inspection)
★-ior : (1) 名词后缀,表示人
e.g. superior 上级junior 年少的senior年长的
(2)形容词后缀,表示“较…的”
e.g. superior 有优越感的inferior 次的,不重要的
exterior 外部的interior 内部的posterior 较后的
★-ious: 形容词后缀,表示“属于…的”、“有…性质的”,同–ous
e.g. space --- spacious 宽敞的curiosity --curious 好奇的
anxiety – anxious 焦急的
★-ish (1) 形容词后缀,加在名词后表示“如…的”、“似…的”
e.g. foolish 笨的wolfish 狼似的childish 如孩子般的
(2)加在形容词后表示“略…的”、“稍…的”
e.g. balckish 稍黑的oldish 略老的reddish略红的
★-ism : 名词后缀表示主义;宗教;风格;语言;行为;学术、文艺上的流派
e.g. realism 现实主义Buddhism 佛教orientalism东方风格
Turkism 土耳其语tourism 旅游modernism 现代派
★-ist: 名词后缀表示人(者);形容词后缀表示…主义的
e.g. pianist 钢琴家scientist 科学家socialist 社会主义的
materialist 唯物主义的
My sister has recently got a job as a (reception) _________ in a hotel. (receptionist)
★-istic : 复合形容词后缀,由-ist + -ic 构成,表示“属于…的”、“……主义的”、“关于…
的”、“…论的”
e.g. socialistic 社会主义的realistic 现实主义的atomistic 原子论的artistic 艺术的
★-ition: 名词后缀,构成抽象名词,同-ion
e.g. composition 作文repetition 重复addition 附加(物)opposition 反对
★-itious: 形容词后缀,表示“有…性质的”、“属于…的”,同–ous
e.g. fictitious 虚构的nutritious 有营养的suppositious 假定的
expeditious 急速的
★-ity: 名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示性质、情况等,同-ty
e.g. complexity 复杂性familiarity 熟悉reality 现实
He told a story that lacks (continuously) ____________. (continuity)
Children have a natural (curious) __________ about the world around them. (curiosity)
★-ive: (1)形容词后缀,表示“有…性质的”、“有…作用的”、“属于…的”
e.g. productive 生产的protective 保护的impressive 印象深刻的
By taking an (act) _________ part in sports, one can build a strong body and make friends with many people. (active)
(2)名词后缀,表示人
e.g. native 本地人detective 侦探
★-ivity : 复合名词后缀,由-iv(e) + -ity 构成,构成抽象名词,表示情况、状态
e.g. activity 活动relativity 相关性creativity 创造力productivity 生产力
★-ization: 复合名词后缀,由-iz(e) + -ation 构成,构成抽象名词,与动词后缀–ize 相对应,表示“行为的过程或结果”、“…化”
e.g. realize – realization 实现civilize --civilization 文明
modernize ---modernization 现代化
★-ize : 动词后缀,表示“使成为”、“产生…”、“…化”
e.g. realize civilize modernize
As a professor of biology, he (special ) __________ in animal behavior. (specializes)
★-less: 形容词后缀,加在名词后,表示“无…的”、“不…的”
e.g. careless 粗心的endless 无止境的useless 无用的
shameless 无耻的homeless 无家可归的
Many fires and hundreds of deaths have been caused by the (care) _________ use of matches. (careless)
★-like: 形容词后缀,表示“如…的”、“有…性质的”
e.g. wormlike 像虫一样的manlike 男子似的godlike 上帝般的
★-logical: (-logic)形容词后缀,由-logy + -ical 略去y而成,表示“…学的”
e.g. biological 生物学的zoological 动物学的anthropological 人类学的
physiological 生理学的
★-logist: 名词后缀,由-logy +-ist 略去y而成,表示“…学家”
e.g. biologist 生物学家zoologist动物学家anthropologist 人类学家
★-logy: 名词后缀,表示“…学”
e.g. biology 生物学zoology 动物学physiology 生理学
★-ly: (1) 形容词后缀,加在名词后,表示“如…的”、“有…性质的”
e.g. manly 男子气概的friendly 友好的homely 家常的
daily 每日的;日报
He said ‘Good morning’ in a most (friend) _________ way. (friendly)
(2)副词后缀,加在时间名词后,表示“每…时间一次地”;加在形容词后
e.g. weekly每周地yearly 每年地largely 巨大地quickly 迅速地
e.g. The local economy depends (heavy) __________ on the exports of manufactured goods.
(heavily)
★-ment: 名词后缀,表示物;组织,机构;行为、行为的过程或结果
e.g. equipment 设备government 政府agreement 协议development发展
I’m not sure whether we can gain any profit from the (invest) _________. (investment)
★-ness: 名词后缀,加在形容词后,构成抽象名词,表示性质、状态、程度
e.g. kindness 仁慈darkness 黑暗homelessness 无家可归
I couldn’t understand her apparent (uneasy) __________. (uneasiness)
★-or : (1)名词后缀,表示人;物;抽象名词
e.g. doctor 医生sailor 水手tractor 拖拉机detector 探测器
horror 恐怖error错误
People agreed that Kublai Khan was one of the most outstanding (empire) _________ in ancient China. (emperors)
(2)形容词后缀,表示“较…的”
e.g. superior 优越的minor 较小的major主要的
All the arrangements should be completed (priority)_______ to your departure. (prior)
★-ous: 形容词后缀,表示“具有…的”、“有…特性的”
e.g. danger--- dangerous 危险的fame--- famous 著名的
poison --- poisonous 有毒的
He was absorbed in the (glory) _________ memories of his championship-winning days. (glorious)
★-proof: 形容词后缀,表示“防…”、“抗…的”
e.g. waterproof 防水的airproof 不透气的soundproof 隔音的
★-ress: 名词后缀,表示女性或雌性动物
e.g. actress 女演员waitress 女招待manageress 女经理
★-ship: 名词后缀表示情况,状态;身份,职业;技巧,技能
e.g. friendship 友谊citizenship 公民权workmanship 手艺
A strong (leader) ___________ is needed to make sure of the healthy development of the country. (leadership)
★-sion: 名词后缀,表示行为、行为的过程和结果等,同-ion。
它所构成的名词大多由以–d,-de,-t为结尾的动词派生来的
e.g. decide --- decision决定expand --- expansion 扩展
conclude --- conclusion结论
Did you get the (permit) _________ from the authorities to run the business? (permission)
★-some: 形容词后缀,附在名词、动词或形容词后构成形容词,表示“易于…的”、“有…
倾向的”
e.g. fearsome 可怕的handsome 英俊的troublesome 令人烦恼的
★-th: (1)名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示行为、性质、状态等
e.g. strong --- strength 力量warm --- warmth 温暖grow—growth 成长
deep—depth 深度wide--- width 广度
They fully recognized the enormous (strong) _________ and influence of the union. (strength) (2)形容词后缀,表示“第…”
e.g. sixth fourth
★-tic: 形容词后缀,表示“有…性质的”、“与…有关的”,同-ic,有时兼做名词后缀
e.g. romantic 浪漫的dramatic 戏剧的mathematic 数学的
Leslie, my roommate, is so (energy) __________ that he never seems to feel tired.(energetic)
★-tion: 名词后缀,构成抽象名词,表示行为、行为的过程或结果等,同-ion 和-ation
e.g. attention 注意reduction 减少production 生产education 教育
After an (introduce) ________ by the chairperson, we’ll go on with the day’s discussion.(2009.6) (introduction)
★-tious: 形容词后缀,表示“有…性质的”、“属于…的”,同-ous
e.g. cautious 小心的facetious 好开玩笑的
★-ture: 名词后缀,表示行为、行为的结果以及与行为有关之物,同-ature
e.g. signature 签名mixture 混合物fixture 固定附属装置
★-ty: 名词后缀,构成抽象命名,表示性质、情况等;-ty亦表示“…十”
e.g. loyalty 忠诚safety 安全entirety 整体fifty 50 sixty 60
This farmhouse is the (property) _______ of Mr. Jones. (property)
★-ual: 形容词后缀,由连接字母-u + -al 构成,表示“有…性质的”、“属于…的”,同-al e.g. casual 偶然的actual 实际的gradual 逐渐的eventual 最后的
★-ulous:形容词后缀,表示“易于…的”、“多…的”、“如…形状的”、“有…性质的”,同-ous
e.g. ridiculous 可笑的
★-uous: 形容词后缀,由连接字母-u + -ous 构成,表示“有…性质的”、“有…的”
e.g. sensuous 感觉上的ambiguous 摸棱两可的
★-ure: 名词后缀构成抽象名词,表示行为、行为的结果、状态等;也可表示事物名词及机构团体
e.g. failure 失败leisure 空闲pressure 压力pleasure 愉快
picture 图画furniture 家具
★-ward: 形容词后缀,表示“向…的”、“朝…”
e.g. southward 向南的inward 向内的backward 向后的
★-wards:副词后缀,表示“向…”、“朝…”
e.g. southwards 向南inwards向内backwards向后
★-wise: 副词后缀,常与-ways通用,表示方向、方式、
e.g. otherwise 否则likewise同样地clockwise顺时针方向
★-y:(1)名词后缀,表示抽象名词,表示性质、状态、情况等;也可表示一种爱称e.g. inquiry询问difficulty困难kitty 小猫daddy 爸爸
The (discover) ________ of gold in California attracted many people to travel west in the hope of becoming rich. (discovery)
(2)形容词后缀,表示“多…的”、“如…的”
e.g. sunny 阳光充足的rainy多雨的sleepy困倦的
Your daughter is (luck) ________ enough to have been admitted to this large company.
(2009.6)(lucky)
★-yer: 名词后缀,表示人
e.g. lawyer 律师sawyer 锯木工employer雇佣者(老板)。