新概念英语第三册笔记第45课上课教案

Lesson 45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力

New words and expression 生词和短语

democratic adj.民主的democratic country民主的国家

Democratic party 民主党[dem?'kr?t?k] Republican party 共和党

democracy [d?'m?kr?s?] n. 民主，民主主义；民主政治

Despotism [?desp?t?z?m] 专制，独裁dictatorship n. 专政；独裁权；独裁者职位

词根：dictator

adj. [?d?kt??t??ri?l] dictatorial 独裁的，专政的；专横傲慢的adv. dictatorially 自大地；独裁地

n. dictator 独裁者；命令者

看看地道英文解释，体验区别Despotism is a form of government by a single authority, either an individual (Despot), or tightly knit group, which rules with absolute political power. dictatorship: a form of government in

which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) 也就是说前者可以是指人，也可以指整个统治团体。后者指个人统治下的政府

restrict vt.限制=keep within a certain limit.（to limit or control）

--The prisoners’ activity is restricted within narrow limits.

辨析

limit 表示时间,空间,数量等方面的限定,且限定到某一个点,如果超出这个点很可能受到罚。

restrict只说明限制范围

--Land development must be limited.我们必须限制土地的开发。

--He restricts himself to two cigarettes everyday.他每天限制自己抽两只烟。

restrict sb to/ restrict sth

restrain v. 抑制,克制,限制(可指彻底阻止也可指将…纳入控制/约束之中，强迫意味，可表示自我抑制) restrain sobs restrain tears restrain one’s anger

eg. She was so excited that she could hardly restrain herself.

restrain oneself from smoking

restrain oneself from drinking

confine v.控制在……范围内（空间上受限）

confine sb.to

--I confine myself to two cigarettes a day.

--The boy is confined to the dark room.

--The boy is restricted to the dark room.

cramp [kr?mp] vt.限制（某人的活动或限制动植物的生长）

--Nobody can cramp children.

--You can not cramp my activity.

cramped adj.窄小的adj. limited in space 狭小的

cramped room cramped office cramped train cramped writing

cramp [kr?mp] n.抽筋，痉挛clamp n夹具的总称v 夹住vice plier

（vt. 束缚，限制；使…抽筋；以铁箍扣紧n钳子; 夹子(Also called cramp iron) [also N in pl]）

have/get a cramp 什么地方抽筋了/be seized with cramp被什么束缚，限制

roomy adj.空间大的，宽敞的

a roomy house a roomy car

spacious ['spe???s] adj.宽敞的（is large in size or area）

a spacious room

capacious [k?'pe???s] adj. able to contain a lot 容量大的

（has a lot of space to put things in. 容量大的[正式] [usu ADJ n]常做定语）

a capacious bag

commodious [k?'m??d??s] adj.宽敞的（文）

a commodious house

expansive [?k'sp?ns?v] adj.（土地）辽阔，广阔的扩张的，健谈的，豪爽的

an expansive village 面积很大的一个村子

hamper [?h?mp?(r)] v.限制，妨碍,困累（侧重因受到约束或阻碍而造成的某方面行动困难）

--What hampered you to do so?

--The housewife has a lots to do every day,because she is hampered by povert被贫困所困扰。

--My limited vocabulary hampers my reading.

impede [?m?pi:d] v.限制，阻碍（相当于hamper）

impede doing sth

--Nothing will impede my studying English.

bound v.限定，以……为界限

abuse v.滥用(to deliberately use something for wrong purpose) 权利，药物，酒精，暴力等等

--Don’t abuse your authority.不要乱用职权。

--We shouldn’t abuse oue rights.不要乱用自己的权力。

--For VIP,they shouldn’t abuse their privilege.

abuse power 滥用职权

abuse trust 辜负了别人的信任（欺骗）

abuse children 虐待儿童

eg. He abused his body with heroin and cocaine.

contention [k?n?ten?n] 论点n. 争论，争吵，观点，论点，不同意见

(formal)(contending; quarrelling or disputing; argument used in contending)

eg. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals.

a bone of contention 容易引起争论的话题

eg. Jerusalem is forever a bone of contention.

contend v.竞争，争论

contend with sb/against sb for sth

eg. Five runners contended against each other in the final.

决赛中，五名赛跑选手一决胜负。

contend against prejudice与偏见作斗争

contend against temptation与诱惑作斗争

discord [?d?sk?:d] n.不和(文学性) n.不和；不调和；嘈杂声vi.不一致；刺耳

sow discords…between 挑拨离间

untold a.=too many to be counted 数不尽的

--There are untold stars in the sky. --I am afflicted by/with untold anxieties.

untold suffering 极大的烦恼/countless suffering /innumerable suffering