中华思想术语翻译选读
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——道法自然
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——道法自然本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献道法自然(dào fǎ zìrán)“道”效法、顺应万物的自然状态。
这一命题出自《老子》。
“自然”指事物自主、自在的状态。
“道”创造、生养万物，但“道”不会对万物发号施令，而是效法、顺应万物之“自然”。
“道”与万物的关系，在政治哲学中表现为统治者与百姓的关系。
统治者应遵循“道”的要求，节制自己的权力，以无为的方式效法、顺应百姓的自然状态。
Dao Operates Naturally.Dao operates in accordance with natural conditions of all things. This idea first appeared in the bookLaozi, according to which “natural” means the natural state of things. Dao creates and nurtures everything, yet it does not command anything. In political philosophy, the relationship between Dao and natural things implies that between the ruler and the people. The rulers should follow the natural requirements of Dao, which places limits on their power, and govern by means of non-interference to allow the people and affairs to take their own natural course.********************************************【引例】人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——小人
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——小人本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献小人(xiǎorén)“小人”最初用以表明人的社会身份与地位，通常指被统治者或地位低下之人。
后世又以人的德行高下来界定“小人”。
德行卑下者被称作“小人”(与“君子”相对)，“小人”只关注和追逐个人的权力或利益，为了获取私利不惜违背道义，缺乏对“道”的理解与尊重。
Petty ManThe term was originally used to indicate a person’s social status, usually referring to the rulers’subjects or those low in social ranking. Later generations also used the term to indicate one’s moral standard in a disapproving way. Those of base character were called petty men as opposed to men of virtue. A petty man only pursues his personal interests or profits, even by violating morality and righteousness; and such people have no understanding of or regard for Dao.********************************************【引例】君子喻于义，小人喻于利。
(《论语•里仁》)A man of virtue understands and observes what is morally right; while a petty man only has his eyes on and goes after what brings him personal gains. (The Analects)苟安务得，所以为小人。
中国专有名词翻译
1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses）八卦trigram阴、阳yin, yang道Dao（cf. logo）江湖（世界）the jianghu World （the traits’world）e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’world. (人在江湖，身不由己)道Daoism（Taoism）上火excessive internal heat儒学Confucianism红学（《红楼梦》研究）redology世外桃源Shangri-la or Arcadia开放kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world）大锅饭getting an equal share regardless of the work done伤痕文学scar literature or the literature of the wounded不搞一刀切no imposing uniformity on …合乎国情，顺乎民意to conform with the national conditions and the will of the peopl-e 乱摊派，乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge铁交椅iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post脱贫to shake off poverty; anti-poverty治则兴，乱则衰Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline2 、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial）国庆节National Day中秋节Mid-Autumn Day/Festival 春节Spring Festival元宵节Lantern Festival儿童节Children’s Day端午节Dragon Boat Festival妇女节Women’s Day泼水节Water-Splashing Day教师节Teachers’Day五四青年节Youth Day。
中华思想文化术语----20个中英文对照词了解传统文化
中华思想文化术语----20个中英文对照词了解传统文化近日，“中华思想文化术语传播工程”第二批术语对外发布，对“居安思危”“上善若水”等反映中华传统文化特征与思维方式的核心术语，作出了简明的中文释义和英文翻译。
今天，“微言教育”继续向大家亮出这些词语，我们一起学习吧。
【英译】Jingjie(VisionaryWorld)【释义】“境界”本指疆域边界、土地边界，后来在佛经翻译中，“境界”一词被用于精神领域，指人破除对于物质世界的沉迷后所达到的精神层次或修为境域。
作为文艺术语，主要指文艺作品中所表现出的审美层次和境域，是作者的创造力、理解力和审美能力在精神层面的综合呈现。
有境界的作品是作者真实人格的显现，具备超越凡俗的意味，更能引发读者的共鸣，激发读者的想象，甚至提升读者的感受。
“意境”形成较早，而“境界”主要受中唐以后佛教思想的影响而形成。
近代学者王国维《人间词话》对境界的阐释最多。
王国维往往将“意境”与“境界”概念通用。
他构建了融合西方美学与中国古典美学为一体的“境界论”。
但一般说来，意境侧重作者主观寓意与作品形象的完满融会，通过鉴赏使想象得到发挥，而境界则突出心灵感悟使艺术形象得到升华，强调心灵世界对于作品层次的提升。
【英译】AestheticConceptionTranscendsConcreteObjectsDescribed.【释义】诗文中的审美意境往往在物象之外，需要鉴赏者领悟其中的精神之美。
“境”指作品所创造的审美意境，“象”是作品中所呈现出的具体物象。
诗歌由语言文字写成，所描写的都是一个个物象，在这些具体的物象之外，能够形成整体的审美情境。
唐代诗人刘禹锡首次提出这个命题，表达对诗歌意趣的思考，强调文字与物象是确切的，而审美情境却是微妙而难以言传的。
在古典诗论意境说的形成过程中，“境生象外”是一个重要的发展阶段。
【英译】BeonAlertAgainstPotentialDangerWhenLivinginPeace【释义】处在安宁的环境中，要想到可能出现的危难。
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——人文
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——人文本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献人文(rénwén)指礼乐教化、典章制度，即诗书、礼乐、法度等精神文明的创造以及与之相关的既有差等又有调和的社会秩序。
与“天文”(日月星辰等天体的运行状态和规律)相对。
也泛指人事，即人类社会的行为、习俗或状态。
近代以后，受西学影响，“人文”演变指人类社会的各种文化现象，研究人类社会文化现象的学科称为人文科学。
RenwenRenwen (人文) encompasses the cultural and ethical progress created by rites, music, education, codes, and systems as well as a social order which is hierarchical but harmonious. Renwen is in contrast to tianwen (天文), the study of celestial bodies including the sun, moon, and stars. Renwenalso refers to human affairs in general, that is, behaviors, customs, and the human state. Under the influence of Western culture in the modern period, renwen came to mean cultural phenomena in human society as well as the humanities, which are academic disciplines that study human culture.********************************************【引例】观乎天文，以察时变;观乎人文，以化成天下。
翻译天地中华思想文化术语翻译选读
翻译天地中华思想文化术语翻译选读中华思想文化术语Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture天“天”是中国古代思想中具有神圣性和终极意义的一个概念。
主要有三种不同的含义：其一，指自然意义上的天空或人世之外的整个自然界，其运行呈现出一定的规律和秩序；其二，指主宰万物的具有人格意志的神灵；其三，指万事万物所遵循的普遍法则，同时也是人的心性、道德以及社会和政治秩序的依据。
Tian is a sacred and fundamental concept in ancient Chinese philosophy. It has three different meaning. The first is the physical sky or the entirety of nature (not including human society), the operations of which manifest certain laws and order. The second refers to a spiritual being, which possesses an anthropomorphic will and governs everything in the universe. The third denotes the universal law, which is observed by all things and beings, and which is also the basis of human nature, morality, and social and political orders.例句:Examples“ 天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡。
（《荀子·天论》）”(天的运行有其固定的规律，不因为尧的贤明而存在，不因为桀的暴虐而消失。
中华思想文化术语哲学术语
中华思想文化术语哲学术语中华思想文化术语、哲学术语，是代表中华传统思想和文化的关键概念，构成中华文化储备的重要组成部分。
一、中华思想文化术语1. 中国儒家思想：唯物史观，五常（仁、义、礼、智、信），温和，尊师重教，爱民，贤能等；2. 道家学说：合道论，阴阳宇宙观，天人合一等；3. 儒家文化：注重道德教育，以孔子的礼仪文章为中心；4. 孔子的思想：以孝悌忠信为代表，君子和小人，尚贤而贱贤；5. 道家思想：注重内在，强调隐忍，尊崇自然，玄妙宇宙；6. 明清文化：注重礼乐，重点是文章散文，以儒家思想为中心；7. 中国墨家：注重格物致知，重视墨家学说；8. 八股文：中国历史上具有重要地位的文体，以比喻、比喻、并偶、反问、抒深为主要规律；9. 古文运动：推崇古文风格，主张切实追求历史的真正历史。
二、哲学术语1. 道德哲学：道德哲学主要研究人行为的价值和合理性；2. 社会哲学：社会哲学是研究自然社会特性、自然社会功能、社会关系以及社会组织结构的一门学科；3. 政治哲学：政治哲学是一门研究人的共同活动形态以及其在一定的政治环境下的行为发展机制的学科；4. 新儒家学说：新儒家学说（新儒学派），是20世纪中国哲学发展史上一个非常重要的分支学派，它通过对儒家思想的进一步阐释和发展，强调道德自我修养，达到社会和谐一致；5. 伦理学：伦理学是一门研究人类对道德行为或道德规范的学科，关注个体的行为、道德价值观以及社会环境的影响，从而强调个体的责任道德路径；6. 婚姻哲学：婚姻哲学是一门研究婚姻社会现象和婚姻家庭心理学的学科，涉及婚姻问题的根据、婚姻理论、婚姻道德规范、婚姻和家庭关系等；7. 美学：美学是一门研究艺术质量和艺术形式的学科，研究如何阐释人的出色作品，如绘画、雕刻、音乐和文学作品。
总之，中华思想文化术语、哲学术语，是一系列重要的概念，把握这些概念，充分发挥它们的作用，深入了解这些学的的理论，非常有利于我们更好的理解中华传统文化，拥抱中国传统文化，让外国人更好的欣赏中国文化。
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——天下
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——天下本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献天下(tiānxià)古多指天子统治范围的全部土地及统治权。
古人认为，大夫的统治范围是“家”，诸侯的统治范围是“国”，天子的统治范围是“天下”。
“天下”字面义是“普天之下”，实质指天子统治或名义之下的“家国”统合体所覆盖的全部疆域，并包括天下所有的人及国家的统治权。
后演变指全民族或全世界。
Tianxia (All Under Heaven)This term referred mainly to all the land under the name of the Son of Heaven and the right to rule on such land. The ancient Chinese held that the rule of senior officials was over their enfeoffed land, and that of dukes and princes was over feudal states. The rule of the Son of Heaven was over all the land. Literally, tianxia (天下) means “all under heaven.”It actually refers to all the territory embracing the enfeoffed land and feudal states under the rule or in the name of the Son of Heaven, as well as all the subjects and the right to rule. The term has later evolved to refer to the whole natin or the whole world.********************************************【引例】溥天之下，莫非王土;率土之滨，莫非王臣。
中国文化术语经世致用的英语
中国文化术语经世致用的英语中国文化术语是中国传统文化的精髓和瑰宝，它是中华民族智慧的结晶，承载着丰富的思想和价值观。
这些术语经世致用，不仅在中国古代被广泛运用，而且在现代社会中仍然具有重要的意义。
本文将探讨一些具有代表性的中国文化术语，并尝试将其翻译成英语。
一、仁义礼智信仁、义、礼、智、信是儒家思想中最重要的五个概念。
仁是指对他人怀有慈爱之心，关心他人，并尽力帮助他人。
义强调对社会责任和道德义务的承担。
礼指行为规范和社会规范，在人与人之间建立起和谐与尊重。
智强调个体应该具备知识和才能，并运用这些能力为社会做出贡献。
信指诚实守信，言行一致。
1. 仁 (Ren) - BenevolenceRen refers to having a compassionate heart towards others, caring for others, and doing one's best to help others.2. 义 (Yi) - RighteousnessYi emphasizes the responsibility and moral obligations towards society and others.3. 礼 (Li) - EtiquetteLi refers to behavioral norms and social norms, establishing harmony and respect between individuals.4. 智 (Zhi) - WisdomZhi emphasizes the importance of individuals possessing knowledge and talents, and using these abilities to contribute to society.5. 信 (Xin) - TrustworthinessXin refers to being honest, trustworthy, and consistent in words and actions.二、天人合一天人合一是中国哲学中的重要概念，强调宇宙和人的关系。
中华思想术语翻译选读之关键字：虚
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 中华思想术语翻译选读之关键字：虚“虚”指世界或者心灵的一种状态。
大体有两种不同的含义：其一，指世界的本原，万物皆由虚无中来。
但古人对“虚”的这一含义又有不同理解：或认为“虚”就是空虚无有;或认为“虚”指“气”的存在状态，因为“气”的存在隐微无形，故以“虚”称之，但并非完全空无。
其二，指虚静的或没有成见的内心状态。
Xu refers to a state of the cosmos or a state of mind. Basically, it has two different meanings. The first refers to the origin of the universe, indicating that everything originates from xu, Different ancient thinkers have different interpretations of this notion: Some take xu as being devoid of anything; others believe it is the state of existence of qi (气). Because qi is invisible and formless, It is said to be empty, but not a vacuum totally devoid of anything. The second meaning of xu refers to a state of mind that is peaceful, not preoccupied or simply free of any preconceptions.Examples太虚无形，气之本体。
(张载《正蒙•太和》)(“虚”是无形的，是“气”的本来状态。
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——日新
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——日新本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献日新(rìxīn)天天更新。
努力使自身不断更新，使民众、社会、国家不断更新，持续进步、完善，始终呈现新的气象。
它是贯穿在“修齐治平”各层面的一种自强不息、不断革新进取的精神。
Constant RenewalThis term refers to an ongoing process of self-renewal, which also brings new life to the people, society, and the nation. This process features continuous progress and improvement. It represents a tenacious and innovative spirit that permeates all levels of “self-cultivation, family regulation, state governance, bringing peace to all under heaven.”********************************************【引例】汤之盘铭曰：“苟日新，日日新，又日新。
”《康诰》曰：“作新民。
”《诗》曰：“周虽旧邦，其命维新。
”是故君子无所不用其极。
(《礼记·大学》)“If we can improve ourselves in one day, we should do so every day, and keep building on improvement,”reads the inscription on the bathtub of Tang, founder of the Shang Dynasty. “People should be encouraged to discard the old and embrace the new, give up evil ideas, and live up to high moral standards,”says The Book of History. “Though it was an ancient state, Zhou saw its future lying in continuously renewing itself,”comments The Book of Songs. Therefore, junzi (men of virtue) should strive to excel themselves in all aspects and at all times. (The Book of Rites)。
中华思想文化术语(连载二十)
１ 气韵 / ｑìｙùｎ
Ａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃ Ａｐｐｅａｌ
指绘画、 书法、 文学中所流露出的气势、 韵致和生机ꎬ 是文学艺术作品整体给人的
审美感觉ꎮ 最初仅用于绘画ꎬ 指用墨、 用笔恰当ꎬ 作品就能表现出自然山水的意态ꎬ 画
幅上就会有流动的生机ꎬ 令人体味到笔墨之外的精神、 韵味ꎮ 后来逐渐由绘画扩大到诗
２ 千里之行ꎬ 始于足下 / ｑｉāｎ ｌǐ ｚｈī ｘíｎɡꎬ ｓｈǐ ｙú ｚú ｘｉà
Ａ Ｊｏｕｒｎｅｙ ｏｆ ａ Ｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄ Ｌｉ Ｂｅｇｉｎｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ Ｆｉｒｓｔ Ｓｔｅｐ
千里远的行程ꎬ 要从迈第一步开始ꎮ 比喻远大目标的实现ꎬ 要从小的、 基础的事情做起ꎮ 足下:
ｂｅ ｗｅｌｌ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ａｎ ｏｖｅｒａｌｌ ｖｉｓｕａｌ ｅｆｆｅｃｔꎻ ａｎｄ ｍａｓｔｅｒｐｉｅｃｅｓ ｏｆ ｐａｓｔ ｐａｉｎｔｅｒｓ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｃｏｐｉｅｄ ｔｏ
ｄｒａｗ ｉｎｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅｍ ( Ｘｉｅ Ｈｅ: Ａｎ Ａｐｐｒａｉｓａｌ ｏｆ Ａｎｃｉｅｎｔ Ｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇｓ)
ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳ ＯＮ ＣＵＬＴＵＲＡＬ ＳＯＦＴ ＰＯＷＥＲ
２０１９ 年 １０ 月 第 ５ 期 第 ４ 卷
Ｖｏｌ ４
Ｎｏ ５ Ｏｃｔｏｂｅｒ ２０１９ ８８ ~ ９４ Nhomakorabea
中华思想文化术语( 连载二十)
ａｎｄ ｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙ ｗｏｒｋｓ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ ｃｒｅａｔｅ ａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃ ａｐｐｅａｌｓ Ｔｈｅ ｔｅｒｍ ｗａｓ ｆｉｒｓｔ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｒｅｆｅｒ ｏｎｌｙ ｔｏ
ｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇꎬ ｍｅａｎｉｎｇ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｐｅｒ ｕｓｅ ｏｆ ｉｎｋ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｐａｉｎｔｉｎｇ ｂｒｕｓｈ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｖｉｖｉｄｌｙ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ
中华思想术语翻译选读
中华思想术语翻译选读“五行”有三种不同的含义：其一，指五种最基本的事物或构成万物的五种元素。
《尚书·洪范》最早明确了“五行”的内容，即金、木、水、火、土。
五种事物或元素有其各自的属性，彼此间存在相生相克的关系。
其二，五行进一步被抽象为理解万物和世界的基本框架，万物都可以纳入到五行的范畴之中，并因此被赋予不同的性质。
其三，指五种道德行为。
荀子曾指责子思、孟子“按住旧造说，谓之五行”，从郭店楚墓竹简及马王堆汉墓帛书相关文字内容来看，该“五行”指仁、义、礼、智、圣。
There are three meanings to the term “Wuxing". 1) The five fundamental things or elements that make up all things. The Book of History was the first to define the five elements: metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. Each of these has its own properties and they interact in a generative or destructive relationship. 2) On a more abstract level, the term refers to the basic framework to understand the world. All things can be included in the realm of wuxing (五行) and their properties are explained or understood accordingly. 3) It refers to five kinds of moral behavior. Xunzi once criticized Zisi and Mencius for “creating wuxing on the basis of old theories.” Ancient bamboo slips unearthed from a grave at Guodian dating back to the State of Chu as well as inscribed silk texts from the Mawangdui Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty, all describe this wuxing as benevolence, righteousness, li (礼), wisdom, and the wisdom and character of a sage.Examples:天有三辰，地有五行。
从“中华思想文化术语”英译看文化术语翻译的实践理性及其有效性原则
作者： 魏向清
作者机构： 南京大学外国语学院,江苏南京210046
出版物刊名： 外语研究
页码： 66-71页
年卷期： 2018年 第3期
主题词： 术语翻译;实践理性;有效性原则;中华思想文化术语
摘要：自2014年初迄今,“中华思想文化术语传播”工程陆续整理、诠释和翻译了大量体现中华优秀传统价值理念的思想文化术语,为“中国文化走出去”做出了非常积极而重要的贡献。
这一大型文化传播基础工程的实施是我国首次专门针对中华思想文化术语进行的大规模自主译介传播活动。
此次大规模术语翻译实践不仅于中国传统文化对外传播意义重大,而且为术语翻译研究提供了非常宝贵的实践资源。
本文主要结合“中华思想文化术语库”发布的英译实例,借鉴实践哲学研究的理论视角,对术语翻译实践理性及其有效性原则进行初步探讨,以期推进文化术语翻译实践方法论的确立。
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——信言不美,美言不信
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——信言不美，美言不信本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献信言不美，美言不信(xìn yán bùměi，měi yán bùxìn)可信的话并不漂亮，漂亮的话多不可信。
老子鉴于当时社会风气与文风的浮华不实，倡导返朴归真与自然平淡的生活方式和文学风格。
魏晋时代，文人崇尚自然素朴，反对虚浮华丽的创作风气，出现了像陶渊明这样伟大的诗人，文艺创作也倡导真实自然的思想与风格。
自此之后，中国古代文艺以素朴自然为最高的审美境界。
Trustworthy Words May Not Be Fine-sounding; Fine-sounding Words May Not Be Trustworthy. To address the extravagance in social mores and in the style of writing of his time, Laozi advocated simple and natural lifestyles and literary presentations. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, men of letters valued natural and simple literary styles and were opposed to extravagant and superficial styles. This line of thought led to the emergence of great poets like Tao Yuanming, and shaped literary writings to reflect direct thoughts and natural expressions. Subsequently, ancient Chinese literature and art took simplicity and naturalness as the highest aesthetic standards.********************************************【引例】信言不美，美言不信。
翻译天地中华思想文化术语翻译选读
翻译天地中华思想文化术语翻译选读情“情”有三种不同含义：其一，泛指人的情感、欲望。
“情”受外物感动而发，是人的自然本能，不是后天习得的。
其二，特指人的某些情感、欲望，通常被规定为好、恶、喜、怒、哀、乐等六者，或喜、怒、哀、惧、爱、恶、欲等七者。
前者也被称作“六志”或“六情”，后者被称作“七情”。
其三，指情实或实情。
对于前两个意义上的“情”，历代学者持有不同态度，或主张抑制“情”，或承认“情”的合理性而加以引导和安处。
The term has three different meanings. First, it means human emotions and desires, referring to the natural and instinctive reaction to external circumstances, not a learned response. Second, it refers to specific human emotions and desires, commonly known as the six human emotions: love, hatred, happiness, anger, sadness, and joy, or as the seven human emotions: happiness, anger, sadness, fear, love, hatred, and desire. Third, it means the true state of affairs, or actual situation. For centuries, scholars have had different interpretations on the first two meanings.Some advocated that emotions should be restrained or controlled, while others believed that emotions and desires were natural and should be properly guided.例句 Examples:何谓人情？喜、怒、哀、惧、爱、恶、欲，七者弗学而能。
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——美刺
翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——美刺本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献美刺[měi cì]赞美与讽刺批评。
用于文学艺术领域，主要指用诗歌对统治者的品德、政令和作为进行赞美或讽刺批评。
孔子最早指出“诗可以怨”，强调《诗经》具有抒发不满情绪的功用，确定了诗歌创作的基本功能。
汉代的诗学则迎合统治者的需要，突出诗歌歌功颂德的功能。
汉代诗学作品《毛诗序》和郑玄《诗谱序》将“美刺”确立为诗歌批评的基本原则之一，使之成为后世诗人和作家的自觉追求，是他们参与政治、干预社会生活的一种方式，从而构成中国文学的基本功用与重要特色。
Extolment and Satirical CriticismThis literary term is used in poetry to comment on a ruler’s moral character, policies, decrees, and performance, either in praise or criticism. Confucius was the first to point out that poetry could be used to vent resentment and thus established a basic function of poetry writing by emphasizing the role The Book of Songs played in voicing grievances. In the Han Dynasty, however, poetry tended to be used as a vehicle for extolling the accomplishments and virtues of rulers. In “Preface to Mao’s Version of The Book of Songs”and “Preface to On the Categories of The Book of Songs,”two influential writings on theory of poetry published during the Han Dynasty, extolment and satirical criticism was regarded as an underlying principle of poetic criticism. This principle was widely employed by poets and writers of later generations as a way of getting involved in politics and making their impact on the society. This constituted a fundamental function and an essential feature of Chinese literature.********************************************【引例】论功颂德，所以将顺其美;讥刺过失，所以匡救其恶。
翻译硕士考研 中华思想文化术语翻译选读--隐秀
翻译硕士考研中华思想文化术语翻译选读--隐秀翻译硕士考研:中华思想文化术语翻译选读--隐秀翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献隐秀(yǐnxiù)诗歌与文章既隐含丰富的思想感情，又有秀美的名言佳句。
源出《文心雕龙》篇名，在该篇中，“隐”是隐含，指在叙事或写景中隐含超出事、景之外的意义，能引发读者的无限联想;“秀”是秀美，指一篇之中应该有能凸显这一意义的精妙词句。
二者密不可分，共同构成优秀文学作品的审美特征。
后来也作为诗文写作的一种修辞手法。
Latent Sentiment and Evident BeautyThis term means that prose and poetry may contain latent sentiments and thoughts, as well as expressions and sentences that present an apparent sense of beauty. “Latent sentiment and evident beauty” first appeared as the title of a chapter in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons. There, “latent sentimen t” means what lies beyond events and landscapes in a narrative or a description, triggering imaginations on the part of the reader. On the other hand, “evident beauty” refers to the kind of beauty created by expressions and sentences in a piece of writing, which bring out that latent meaning. The latent and the apparent qualities are inseparable, constituting an aesthetic feature of good literary works. Later, this term developed into a rhetorical device in writing prose and poetry.********************************************是以文之英蕤，有秀有隐。
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中华思想术语翻译选读逍遥Carefree人的心灵的一种自由、无待的状态。
最初由庄子提出并以之名篇。
庄子认为，人的心灵可以超越于形体无法逃避、无可奈何的境遇之上，消除对于物的依赖，进而达到心灵的自由、无碍。
西晋郭象重新解释了“逍遥”之义，认为有待之物能够安于各自的性分即达到了“逍遥”。
The term refers to a state of mind totally free from all constraints. It was first proposed by Zhuangzi in one of his most well-known essays. According to him, people’s mind can go beyond predicament in a way that their bodies cannot, so mentally they can be independent of material concerns and free of all worries. Guo Xiang of the Western Jin Dynasty had a new definition of the term. By acting in accordance with its own nature, everything can be free of troubles and worries.引例：茫然彷徨乎尘垢之外，逍遥乎无为之业。
（《庄子》）安闲无待地神游于尘世之外，逍遥自在于自然无为的境地。
People should seek carefree enjoyment beyond the constrains of the human world. ( zhuangzi )夫小大虽殊，而放于自得之场，则物任其性，事称其能，各当其分，逍遥一也。
（郭象《庄子注》）事物虽然有大小的不同，但若安放于自得的范围内，则每一事物都按照其本性发展，功用与其本性相合，担当各自的职分，则它们所达到的逍遥是一样的。
Things, big and small, are different from each other. But when they are placed where they should be, each of them will develop as its nature dictates, shoulder their proper responsibilities, and ultimately achieve the same degree of freedom. ( Guo Xiang: Annotations on Zhuangzi)carefree /ˈkɛəˌfriː/ CET6 TEM41. ADJ A carefree person or period of time doesn't have or involve any problems, worries, or responsibilities. 无忧无虑的例：Chantal remembered carefree summers at the beach.香岱儿想起了在海滩上的那些无忧无虑的夏日。
constraint /kənˈstreɪnt/ CET6+ TEM8 ( constraints )1. N-COUNT A constraint is something that limits or controls what you can do. 限制例：Their decision to abandon the trip was made because of financial constraints.他们放弃这次旅行的决定是因财务限制而作出的。
2. N-UNCOUNT Constraint is control over the way you behave which prevents you from doing what you want to do. 约束例：Journalists were given the freedom to visit, investigate, and report without constraint.新闻记者被赋予在没有约束下参观、调查和报道的自由。
predicament /prɪˈdɪkəmənt/ TEM8 ( predicaments )1. N-COUNT If you are in a predicament, you are in an unpleasant situation that is difficult to get out of. 困境例：Hank explained our predicament.汉克说明了我们的困境。
concern /kənˈsɜːn/ CET4 TEM4 ( concerning, concerned, concerns )1. N-UNCOUNT Concern is worry about a situation. 担忧例：The group has expressed concern about reports of political violence in Africa.该集团已对有关非洲政治暴力的报道表示担忧。
例：The move follows growing public concern over the spread of the disease.该行动是针对公众日益增长的对该疾病传播的担忧而采取的。
2. V-T If something concerns you, it worries you. 使担忧[no cont]例：The growing number of people seeking refuge in Thailand is beginning to concern Western aid agencies.日益增多的到泰国寻求避难的人数开始让西方援助机构感到担忧。
3. concerned ADJ 感到担忧的例：Academics and employers are concerned that students are not sufficiently prepared for college courses.学术界和用人单位都担心学生们对大学课程没有做好足够准备。
4. V-T If you concern yourself with something, you give it attention because you think that it is important. 关心例：I didn't concern myself with politics.我不关心政治。
5. concerned ADJ 关心的[v-link ADJ 'with' n]例：The agency is more concerned with making arty ads than understanding its clients' businesses.这家代理商更关心制作附庸风雅的广告而不是理解其客户的生意。
6. V-T If something such as a book or a piece of information concerns a particular subject, it is about that subject. 有关于[no cont]例：The bulk of the book concerns Sandy's two middle-aged children.这本书的主要部分讲的是桑迪的两个中年孩子。
7. concerned ADJ 有关于…的[v-link ADJ 'with' n]例：Randolph's work was exclusively concerned with the effects of pollution on health.伦道夫的作品全部讲的是污染对健康的影响。
8. V-T If a situation, event, or activity concerns you, it affects or involves you. (情况、事件、活动等) 与…有关[no cont]例：It was just a little unfinished business from my past, and it doesn't concern you at all.这只是我过去没有了结的一件小事，完全跟你没关。
9. concerned ADJ 有关的[n ADJ, v-link ADJ 'in/with' n]例：It's a very stressful situation for everyone concerned.这对所有相关人员来说都是一个非常有压力的情况。
10. -COUNT A concern is a fact or situation that worries you. 令人担忧的事例：His concern was that people would know that he was responsible.他担忧的是人们会知道他应该负责任。
11. N-COUNT You can refer to a company or business as a concern, usually when you are describing what type of company or business it is. 公司; 生意[商业] [正式]例：If not a large concern, the Potomac Nursery was at least a successful one.虽不是一个大生意，波托马克幼儿园至少是一个成功的公司。
12. N-VAR Concernfor someone is a feeling that you want them to be happy, safe, and well. If you do something out of concern for someone, you do it because you want them to be happy, safe, and well. 关心例：Without her care and concern, he had no chance at all.没有她的照顾和关心，他根本就没有机会。