动词的ing形式作状语

动词的ing形式作状语

动词-ing形式作状语

动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.

我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。

(= After we have made full preparations...)

When I heard the result, I couldn't help jumping.

= Hearing the result, I couldn’t help jumping.

动词-ing所表示的动作一发生，谓语动词表示的动作就立即发生。

When I was playing games, I was very excited.

= When playing games, I was very excited.

动词-ing所表示的动作在进行过程中，谓语动词表示的动作就发生了，此时前面一般加上when, while.

Eg: Be careful when you are crossing the street.

= Be careful when crossing the street.

After I had played games, I went to sleep.

=Having played games, I went to sleep.

动词-ing发生在谓语动词之前，要用现在分词的完成式。

2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.

由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill...)

Because I didn’t master the way of studying, I didn’t get a good result.

= Not mastering the way of studying, I didn’t get a good result.

As I was so worried, I couldn’t go to sleep.

= Being so worried, I couldn’t go to sleep.

3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money.

= and left him a lot of money.

他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.

4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.

=If you work h ard at your lessons…

如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。

If you pass the three years, you’ll grow up.

= Passing the three years, you’ll grow up.

If you don’t make use of the time, you’ll regret.

= Not making use of the time, you’ll regret.

5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.

= Although they knew all this...

尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

Although I studied from morning till night, I didn’t pass the exam.

= Studying from morning till night, I didn’t pass the exam.

Even though I made up my mind, I still wanted to play.

= Making made up my mind, I still wanted to play.

6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。

He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.

= ...and stared at the sky for a long time

他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。

一般情况下，动词-ing所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以用并列句转换。

The girl came into the classroom, singing and dancing.

= The girl came into the classroom and they sang and danced.