英语(一)自学教程Unit4

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bicker表示“斗嘴,争吵”。例如: The two children used to bicker about who should do the washing-up. 这两个小孩过去常为该由谁洗餐具而争吵。 My children often bicker about(over)trifles. 我的孩子们经常为小事而争吵。

亚伯拉罕·林肯(1809.2.12-1865.4.15),美国政治家、思想家, 黑人奴隶制的废除者。第16任美国总统,其任总统期间,美国爆发内 战,史称南北战争,林肯坚决反对国家分裂。他废除了叛乱各州的奴 隶制度,颁布了《宅地法》、《解放黑人奴隶宣言》。但南北战争之 后北方有几个支持联邦政府的州却仍被林肯允许可继续保有奴隶制度。 林肯击败了南方分离势力,维护了美利坚联邦及其领土上不分人种、 人人生而平等的权利。内战结束后不久,林肯遇刺身亡,是第一个遭 遇刺杀的美国总统,也是首位共和党籍总统,曾位列最伟大总统排名 第一位。也是美国最有作为的总统之一,(其他2位为乔治·华盛顿、 富兰克林·罗斯福。 ) 2006 年,亚伯拉罕·林肯被美国的权威期刊 《大西洋月刊》评为影响美国的100位人物第1名。最新版5美元纸币正 面就是亚伯拉罕·林肯的照片。
stop to do sth.表示“停下(手头上的事情)去做另外一件事”
Hearing the bell,she stopped washing the dishes. 听见门铃声,她停止洗碗了。 Hearing the bell,she stopped to open the door. 听见门铃声,她停下手中的活去开门。



Many young people in the country long for city life.
许多农村年轻人渴望城市生活。 The little boy longed for a little horse on his birthday. 小男孩渴望生日那天得到一匹小马。


7.Growing up as an only child,she longed for sibkings(Para.11) 作为独生女,她渴望有兄弟姐妹。 动词现在分词结构相当于一个原因状语从句 Because she grew up as an only child。long for 表示“渴望”。例如:

八十七年前,我们的先辈在这块大陆上创建了一个新的国家。她孕育于自由之中。奉行 一切人生来平等的原则。

现在,我们正从事于一场伟大的内战,以考验这个国家,或者说,以考验任何孕育于自 由并奉行上述原则的国家能否长久生存。我们聚集在这场战中的一个伟大的战场上。我 们在此集会,是为了把这战场的一部分奉献给那些为这个国家的生存而献身的烈士,作 为他们的最后安息之所。我们这样做,是理所当然、恰如其分的。 但是,从更为广泛的意义上来说,我们无法奉献、无法圣化、无法神化这块土地。那些 曾在这里战斗过的勇敢的生者与死者已经将这块土地圣化,这远不是我们微薄的力量所 能增减的。全世界不会注意,也不会长久记住我们今天在这里所讲的话。但是,全世界 永远不会忘记这些勇士在这里做过的事。对我们这些活着的人来说,倒是应该把自己奉 献于勇士们以崇高的精神向前推进而尚未完成的事业,应该把自己奉献于依然摆在我们 面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些可敬的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神,来完成他们为 之献出全部忠诚的事业;我们要在这里下定最大的决心,不让烈士们的鲜血白流;要在 上帝的保佑下,使我们的国家获得自由的新生;要使我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府 永世长存


5.Friends may come and go,but your sisters will always be there for you.(Para.9)朋友可能有来也有去,但你的姐妹们永远都 会在你身边。 may 这里表示“可能,或许”,例如:



You may be right,but people don't want to change.


2.I've been friends with Jill since I was three or so,and I really like Jaime,a firend in kindergarten.(Para.3) 大概从三岁起,我就和吉尔成为了好朋友了,我也真的很喜欢吉米, 他是我幼儿园的一个朋友。

scrub表示“(用力)擦洗,刷洗” Although she srubbed the old thoroughly,she could not make it look completely clean. 虽然让彻底地用力擦洗那只旧壶,但她无法将它完全洗干净。 Jack scubbed the coal dust from his face.Jack 擦掉了脸上的煤 灰。

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth.
Unit4
Friends and Friendship
TextA
The Greatest Gift
The
best way to destroy an enemy is to make him a friend.
--Abraham Lincoln

摧毁敌人最好的办法就是把他变成朋友。
——亚伯拉罕.林肯


3.My mother stops scrubbing the floor and starts to take off her yellow rubber gloves.(Para.5)母亲停止擦洗地板,开始脱她的 黄色橡胶手套。 stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”




Pre-reading questions
1.What
are the most valuable gifts you have ever received?
2.What
shared memories do you have with your best friends?
Notes

1. ... and she suddenly looks up at me and says...(Para.2)……她突然抬起头看着我说…… look up at表示“抬头看;向上看” I look up at the blue sky and hope for the best. 我抬头仰望蓝天,祈求最好的结果。
Fourscore
and seven years ago our forefathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.


since 这里是连词,用于句型“It has been+一段时间+since+时间状 语从句中”,表示“自从……来,已经……(时间)了”。该句型中 么要求主语的谓语动词用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句的谓语动词 用一般过去时,而且须是终止性动词,例如:
It he moved to this city. 他搬到这个城市已经三个月了。


4.She seems upset,as though I have hurt her feelings.(Para.8) 她似乎不大高兴,好像我伤害了她的感情。 upset 表示“不高兴的,失望的”,例如: She felt a bit upset at the news.她听到这消息有点不太高兴。 Don't be upset if your English friends don't invite you home. 如果你的英国朋友没有邀请你去家里,你不要失望。

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final restingplace for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
你或许是对的,但是人们不愿意改变。

6.We used to fight all the time over toys,food,attention,what to watch on TV-you name it,we bickered about it at sonme point.(Para.10)我们从小一直为了玩具、食物、大人的注意力或者什 么电视节目而郑超,凡是可以争吵的,都吵过了。 you name it 表示“凡是你想得起的,不管什么”,例如: Today,the jews have it all:money,power,fame,you name it. 今天,犹太人拥有了一切:金钱,权力,声望,凡是你想到的,他们 都有了。 This is the biggest department store in the city-you name it,and they've got it. 这里是这座城市里最大百货公司,不管什么,他们都有。
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