《大学英语自学教程》(下)课后练习例句汉译英(汉英对照)
大学英语自学教程(上下)讲义
视频互动讲义二解惑：★set about：出发，开始，着手set aside：拒绝，忽视，挑出set back：推迟，阻碍set down：卸下，记下，放下set forth：阐明，陈述★set off：出发，引起，使发生★set out(to do)：打算，着手set up：建立，树立，资助lonely：形容词，寂寞的，孤单的；★alone：形容词，独自一人的；副词，独立，仅仅。
late：形容词，迟的，晚的；lately：副词，最近，不久前,later 随后，稍后对于单词词性和词组含义上的比较及用法上的区别，希望大家能点滴积累，脚踏实地地强行记忆，这对战胜英语二极为有利。
一、第三单元重点内容回顾Text A1.not any(no) longer：注意词组含义和any的用法。
2.★weak----weaken：注意词性转换，同时关注主、被动含义。
3.help sb. do(with)：注意后面用原形动词。
4.be affected with：注意词组含义。
5.recover----recovery：注意词性上的转换。
6.permit----permission：注意词性上的转换。
7.technique----technical----technically----★technician：注意词性上的转换。
8.legal(ly)----illegal(ly)：注意词意反差。
(in law/out of law)9.★carry out：注意词组含义，总结与carry有关的词组。
10.★in addition to----in addition：注意词组在含义，完型与词汇常考。
11.c are(careless) for：注意词组含义。
12.★★oppose to=object to=against：注意含义，to后应用动名词形式。
13.s hort----★shorten----shortening：注意词性转换。
大学英语自学教程 下册 un03
大学英语自学教程下册un03[00:03.84]安乐死:支持还是反对?[00:07.68]"We mustn't delay any longer...swallowing is difficult...[00:10.50]"我们再也不能耽误了...吞咽困难...[00:13.32]and breathing that's also difficult.[00:15.60]呼吸也很困难.[00:17.87]Those muscles are weakening too...we mustn't delay any longer.[00:21.29]肌肉也正在变得软弱无力...我们再也不能耽误了.[00:24.71]These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendel de Joode[00:28.45]这是荷兰人齐思.万德尔.德.万德[00:32.18]asking his doctor to help him die.[00:34.36]在请求他的医生帮助他死亡时说的话.[00:36.55]Affected with a serious disease,[00:38.62]因患有严重的疾病,[00:40.70]van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly[00:43.43]范.万德尔再也不能清楚地讲话了.[00:46.16]and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.[00:50.48]他知道已没有康复的希望,其病情正在迅速恶化.[00:54.80]Van Wendel's last three months of life[00:59.85]before being given a final,lethal injection by his doctor[01:02.98]在范.万德尔的医生给他进行最后的致死的注射前,他生命的最后三个月的生活被拍成了电影,[01:06.12]were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.[01:09.50]并且去年在荷兰的电视上首次播映.[01:12.88]The programme has since been bought by 20 countries[01:16.06]此后,这个节目曾被20个国家购买.[01:19.23]and each time it is shown,it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.[01:22.91]每次放映,都引起一场关于这个主题的全国性的大讨论.[01:26.60]The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, [01:30.07]荷兰是欧洲惟一允许安乐死的国家,[01:33.54]although it is not technically legal there.[01:35.67]虽然在那里严格根据法律还不合法.[01:37.80]However,doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines[01:40.99]然而,在荷兰谇两年前提出的议案的指导原则下[01:44.18]introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. [01:47.86]执行安乐死的医生,通常是不会被起诉的.[01:51.54]The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering [01:55.62]这些指导原则要求,患者须正在经受极度的痛苦,[01:59.69]there is no chance of a cure,[02:01.77]没有治愈的机会,[02:03.85]and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia.[02:06.82]患者一再提出安乐死.[02:09.80]In addition to this,[02:11.42]除此之外,[02:13.04]a second doctor nust confirm that these criteria have been met[02:16.42]除此之外,必须有第二位医生证实这些标准已达到,[02:19.81]and the death must be reported to the police department.[02:22.63]并且死亡要向警察觉部门报告.[02:25.45]should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others?[02:28.27]可以允许医生剥夺别人的生命吗?[02:31.09]Dr.Wilfred van Oijen,Ce Wilfred van Oijen,Cees van Wendel's doctor,[02:33.98]齐思.范.万德尔的医生,威尔弗雷德.范.奥仁大夫[02:36.87]explains how he looks at the question:[02:39.05]谈了他对这个问题的看法:[02:41.23]"Well,it's not as if I'm planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. [02:45.25]"噢,情况并不像我在计划用机关枪杀一大群人似的.[02:49.27]In that case,killing is the worst thing I can imagine.[02:52.00]若是那样,那就是杀人,是我所能想象的最残忍的杀人.[02:54.73]But that's entirely different from my work as a doctor.[02:57.41]但那完全不同于我作为一个医生的工作,[03:00.09]I care for people and I try to ensure that they don't suffer too much.[03:04.02]我照顾人们并且尽力保证他们不受太大的痛苦.[03:07.95]That's a very different thing."[03:09.69]那是大不一样的事情."[03:11.43]Many people,though,arc totally against the practice of euthanasia[03:14.10]然而,许多人完全反对实行安乐死.[03:16.78]Dr.Andrew Ferguson,Chairman of the organisation Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia,[03:20.31]反安乐死保健组织的主席安德鲁.福格森医生说:[03:23.83]says that "in the vast' majority of euthanasia cases,[03:26.67]"在大多数安乐死的病例中,[03:29.50]what the patient is actually asking for is something else.[03:32.62]患者实际要求的是另一回事.[03:35.75]They may rant a health professional[03:37.82]他们可能需要一位健康专家[03:39.90]to open up communication for them with their loved ones or family[03:42.88]让他们与他们所爱的人和家进行交流[03:45.85]there's nearly always another question behind the question."[03:48.43]---问题之后几乎总有另一个问题."[03:51.00]Britain also has a strong tradition of hospices--[03:53.89]英国也有一个牢固的建立晚期病人收容所的传统[03:56.77]special hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs[04:00.34]--只是照顾将要死亡者和他们的特殊需要的医院.[04:03.91]Cicely Saunders,President of the National Hospice Council[04:06.92]茜西莉.桑德斯,国家收容所委员会主席[04:09.94]and a founder member of the hospice movement,[04:12.60]和收容运动的发起者,[04:15.27]argues that euthanasia doesn't take into account[04:19.53]that there are ways of caring for the dying.[04:21.90]主张安乐死并未考虑到照顾将死患者有多种方式.[04:24.28]She is also concemed that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care[04:28.21]她还谈到允许安乐死就会破坏广大的人们对照料和关心的需要:[04:32.14]and consideration of a wide range of people:[04:37.21]"it's very easy in society now for the elderly,[04:39.94]"现在社会上,这是容易使老人,[04:42.67]the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens,[04:46.24]残疾人和依靠别人生存的人感觉到他们是负担,[04:49.80]and therefore that they ought to opt out.[04:52.58]因此他们应该决定退出.[04:55.37]I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable."[04:59.94]我认为任何法律上允许缩短生命的做法肯定使这些人更容易受伤害."[05:04.51]Many find this prohibition of an individual's right to die paternalistic[05:07.98]许多人发现这种禁止睛个人死亡的权利常有家作风.[05:11.46]Although they agree that life is important and should be respected,[05:14.14]虽然他们同意生命是重要的并且应该受到尊重,[05:16.81]they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored.[05:19.93]他们觉得生命的质量也不应忽视.[05:23.06]Dr.van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right[05:26.78]范.奥仁大夫认为如果人们想,[05:30.50]to choose for themselves if they want to die:[05:33.37]他们有为自己选择的基本权利:[05:36.25]"What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me[05:39.58]"那些反对安乐死的人是在告诉我们[05:42.91]is that dying people haven't the right.[05:45.34]将死的人们没有这种权利.[05:47.77]And that when people are very ill,we are all afraid of their death.[05:51.75]并且当人们病得很重时,我们都担心他们的死亡.[05:55.74]But there are situations where death is a friend.[05:58.40]但有些情形是死亡比敬延残喘更好,[06:01.06]And in those cases,why not?[06:03.56]在那些情况下,为什么不采用安乐死呢?"[06:06.05]But "why not?" is a question which might cause strong emotion.[06:09.74]但"为什么不呢"是个会引起强烈感情的问题.[06:13.42]The film showing Cees van Wendel's death was both moving and sensitive. [06:17.60]展示齐思.范.万德尔死亡情景的影片既动人又敏感.[06:21.78]His doctor was clearly a family friend;[06:24.51]显然他的医生是家里人的朋友;[06:27.24]his wife had only her husband's interests at heart.[06:30.20]他妻子的心里也只有丈夫的利益.[06:33.17]Some,however,would argue that it would be dangerous[06:39.10]to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia.[06:42.23]然而,一些人争论说,用这样的特殊的事例去支持安乐死是危险的.[06:45.37]Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention. [06:49.69]并非所有患者都会得到这么高级的个别护理和关注.[06:54.01]Text B Advantage unfair[06:56.54]优势不公[06:59.06]According to the writer Walter Ellis,[07:01.09]据作家活尔特.埃利斯,[07:03.13]author of a book called the Oxbridge Conspiracy,[07:05.56]<牛津剑桥阴谋帮派>一书的作者所说,[07:07.99]Britain is still dominated by the old-boy network:[07:10.42]英国仍在老同学每每网控制之下:[07:12.85]it isn't what you know that matters,but who you know.[07:15.33]你所懂得的不重要,你认识谁倒更重要.[07:17.81]He claims that at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (Oxbridge for short) [07:21.39]他声明在牛津大学,剑桥大学(简称牛津剑桥)[07:24.97]a few select people start on an escalator ride which over the years,[07:28.05]一些经过层层挑选的人们开始就像乘坐扶手电梯一样,[07:31.13]carries them to the tops of British privilege and power.[07:33.67]几年后,就被送到英国特权和权力的顶层.[07:36.20]His research revealed that the top professions all continue to be dominated [07:39.17]他的研究提示英国上层职业继续被牛津,剑桥的毕业生控制,[07:42.13]if not 90 percent,then 60 or 65 per cent, by Oxbridge graduates.[07:45.75]即使到不了90%,也有60%或65%.[07:49.37]And yet,says Ellis,Oxbridge graduates make up only two percent[07:55.53]of the total number of students who graduate from Britain's universities[07:58.46]埃利斯还说,牛津,剑桥的毕业生只占英国高校毕业生总人数的2%.[08:01.38]Other researches also seem to support his belief[08:03.92]其他研究似乎也支持他的观点,[08:06.45]that Oxbridge graduates start with an unfair advantage in the employment market.[08:09.63]认为牛津,合格的毕业生一开始就在就业市场上具有不公平的优势.[08:12.80]In the law,a recenfiy published report showed that out of 26 senior judges [08:19.64]appointed to the High Court last year[08:21.52]在法律方面,最近发布的报告显示去年26位被任命到高等法庭的高级法官中, [08:23.41]all of them went to private schools and 21 of them went to Oxbridge.[08:26.37]所有人都上过私立学校,其中21人上的最牛津,剑桥.[08:29.34]But can this be said to amount to a conspiracy?[08:31.52]但是任这些就能说是构成一个阴谋帮派吗?[08:33.70]Not according to Dr.John Rte,[08:37.54]a former headmaster of one of Britain's leading private schools,Westminster: [08:40.78]按照英国一家主要私立学校威斯敏斯特的前校长约翰.雷博士说法,并非如此. [08:44.02]I would accept that there was a bias in some key areas of British life,[08:46.80]"我愿意承认在英国生活的一些关键领域存在着偏见,[08:49.58]but that bias has now gone.[08:51.41]但现在这些偏见已经一去不复返了.[08:53.24]Some time ago--in the 60s and before[08:55.67]一段时间前---即在60年代及其以前[08:58.10]entry to Oxford and Cambridge was not entirely on merit.[09:00.62]---进入牛津,合格并不是全部靠成绩的.[09:03.14]Now,there's absolutely no question in any objective observer's mind[09:06.32]现在,在任何客观的观察家心目中已经勿庸质疑,[09:09.51]that entry to Oxford and Cambridge is fiercely competitive."[09:12.14]进入牛津,剑桥是残酷的竞争."[09:14.76]However,many would disagree with this.[09:16.88]然而,许多人不同意这个观点.[09:18.99]For,although over three-quarters of British pupils are educated in state school, [09:22.31]因为尽管超过3/4的英国学生毕业于公立学校,[09:25.63]over half the students that go to Oxbridge[09:27.65]进入牛津和剑桥的超过半数的学生[09:29.68]have been to private,or "public"schools.[09:32.11]曾上过私立学校,即"公学".[09:34.54]Is this because pupils from Britain's private schools[09:39.11]are more intelligent than those from state schools,[09:41.24]这是因为英国私立学校的学生比公立学校的学生聪明呢?[09:43.37]or are they simply better prepared?[09:45.20]或者仅仅因为他们受的教育好呢?[09:47.02]On average,about 5,000 a year is spent on each private school pupil[09:50.71]私立学校平均每年花在一个学生身上的钱是5000英镑,[09:54.39]more than twice the amount spent on state school pupils.[09:56.87]是花在公立学校学生身上的两倍多.[09:59.35]So how can the state schools be expected to compete with the private schools [10:05.00]when they have far fewer resources?[10:06.88]这样在财力少得多的情况下,公立学校怎么能与么立学校竞争呢?[10:08.76]And how can they prepare their pupils for the special entrance exam to Oxford University,[10:11.84]他们怎么帮学生准备进入牛津大学的专门入学考试呢?[10:14.92]which requires extra preparation, and for which many public school pupils [10:18.04]这些考试要求特别地准备,为此许多公学的学生[10:21.17]traditionally stay at school and do an additional term?[10:23.65]传统上住在学校,要用额外的学习时间.[10:26.13]Until recently,many blamed Oxford for this bias[10:31.41]because of the university's special entrance exam[10:33.78]直到最近,许多人因为牛津大学专门的入学考试而谴责这一偏见[10:36.16](Cambridge abolished its entrance exam in 1986).[10:38.73](剑桥在1986年取消了它的入学考试).[10:41.31]But last February,Oxford University decided to abolish the exam[10:44.39]但去年2月,牛津大学决定废除入学考试[10:47.47]to encourage more state school applicants.[10:49.59]以鼓励更大多公立学校的申请者.[10:51.70]From autumn 1996,Oxford University applicants,[10:54.58]从1996年秋天开始,牛津大学的申请者,[10:57.45]like applicants to other universities,[10:59.42]像其他大学申请者一样,[11:01.39]will be judged only on their A level results[11:03.51]将根据其中学生高级考试成绩[11:05.63]and on their performance at interviews,[11:07.60]及面试中的表现来判断是否录取,[11:09.57]although some departments might still set special tests.[11:11.95]尽管一些系可能仍然设置特别的考试.[11:14.32]However,some argue that there's nothing wrong in having elite places of learning,[11:17.45]然而,有人争辩说,设置精英学校也没什么不妥.[11:20.57]and that by their very nature,these places should not be easily accessible. [11:23.85]既然是精英学校,这些学校就不应该能够轻易进入.[11:27.12]Most countries are run by an elite[11:29.01]大多数国家都由精英们管理着,[11:30.89]and have centres of academic excellence from which the elite are recruited. [11:33.83]有精英汇集的优秀学术中心.[11:36.76]Walter Ellis accepts that this is true:[11:38.79]活尔特.埃利斯承认这是事实:[11:40.81]"But in France,for example,there are something like 40 equivalents of university, [11:44.20]"但在法国,例如:有40所同等大学[11:47.58]which provide this elite through a much broader base.[11:49.90]可以在更大广泛的基础上培养出精英.[11:52.23]In America you've got the Ivy League,centred on Harvard and Yale,[11:55.17]在美国有以哈佛大学,取鲁大学为中心的,[11:58.11]with Princeton and Stanford and others.[12:00.03]还有普林斯顿大学和其他大学组成的常青藤联合会.[12:01.95]But again,those universities together[12:04.18]但是,这些大学---[12:06.41] the elite universities are about ten or fifteen in number,[12:09.23]精英大学---大约有10到15所,[12:12.06]and are being pushed along from behind by other great universities like[12:14.99]又被其他一些好的大学,[12:17.93]for example,Chicago and Berkeley.[12:20.06]例如像芝加哥大学,加州大学伯克利分校由后面推动着.[12:22.19]So you don't have just this narrow concentration[12:26.63]of two universities providing a constantly replicating elite."[12:29.31]这样,就不公公狭窄地集中于两所大学来不断培养一代代精英了."[12:31.99]When it comes to Oxford it comes to Oxford and Cambridge being elitist[12:34.17]当谈到牛津大学和剑桥大学能培养出精英来[12:36.35]because of the number of private school pupils they accept,[12:38.69]是因为它们接受了大量的私立学校学生时,[12:41.03]Professor Stone of Oxford University argyles that there is a simple fact[12:44.11]牛津大学的斯托思教授争辩说他和他的同事不能忽视这样一个简单的事实: [12:47.19]he and his associates cannot ignore:[12:51.03]"If certain schools do better than others then we just have to accept it.[12:53.92]"如果某些学校比其他学校做得好,那么我们就不得不接受它.[12:56.80]We cannot be a place for remedial education.[12:58.98]我们不是补救教育的地方,[13:01.17]It's not what Oxford is there to do."[13:03.05]这不是牛津大学要做的."[13:04.93]However,since academic excellence does appear to be related to the amount of money spent per pupil,[13:08.47]然而,既然优秀学术的出现和花在第一个学生身上的钱的数目的确有关系, [13:12.01]this does seem to imply that Prime Minister John Major's vision of Britain [13:15.04]这似乎暗示了首相约翰.梅杰对英国[13:18.07]as a classless society is still a long way off.[13:20.55]作为一个无阶级的社会的想象确有一段很长的路要走.[13:23.03]And it may be worth remembering that while John Major didn't himself go to Oxbridge,[13:25.92]也许值得记住的是:尽管约翰.梅杰本人没有读过牛津,剑桥,[13:28.80]most of his ministers did.[13:30.57]而他的大部分大臣都读过.。
大学英语自学教程(上下合本)课文英文原文
大学英语自学教程(上下合本)课文英文原文Lesson 1: Introduction to College EnglishIn this first lesson, we will introduce you to the basic structure of the course and provide you with some tips on how to study effectively. We will also discuss the importance of setting goals and creating a study plan.Lesson 2: Grammar BasicsIn this lesson, we will cover the basic rules of English grammar. We will discuss nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions. We will also provide you with some examples of how to use these parts of speech in sentences.Lesson 3: Vocabulary BuildingLesson 4: Reading ComprehensionLesson 5: Writing SkillsWriting is an important skill for academic and professional success. In this lesson, we will provide you with some tips on how to improve your writing skills. We will also provide you with some practice exercises to help you develop your writing skills.Lesson 6: Listening SkillsListening is an important skill for learning English. In this lesson, we will provide you with some tips on how toimprove your listening skills. We will also provide you with some practice exercises to help you develop your listening skills.Lesson 7: Speaking SkillsLesson 8: Review and AssessmentWe hope that you find this course helpful and enjoyable. Good luck on your journey to mastering the English language!Lesson 9: Cultural AwarenessLesson 10: Advanced GrammarIn this lesson, we will cover more advanced aspects of English grammar, including verb tenses, modal verbs, and passive voice. We will provide you with examples and exercises to help you understand and practice these grammar points.Lesson 11: Academic WritingAcademic writing is an important skill for success in higher education. In this lesson, we will discuss the structure and conventions of academic writing, including essay organization, citation styles, and plagiarism. We will also provide you with some practice exercises to help you develop your academic writing skills.Lesson 12: Pronunciation and Accent ReductionPronunciation is an important aspect of spoken English. In this lesson, we will discuss the phonetic system ofEnglish and provide you with some tips on how to improve your pronunciation and reduce your accent. We will also provide you with some practice exercises to help you develop your pronunciation skills.Lesson 13: English for Specific PurposesEnglish is used in a wide range of fields, including business, medicine, and law. In this lesson, we will explore some specialized vocabulary and expressions used in these fields. We will also provide you with some practice exercises to help you develop your English skills for specific purposes.Lesson 14: Conversation PracticeLesson 15: Final ProjectLesson 16: Advanced Reading StrategiesLesson 17: Public SpeakingPublic speaking is a valuable skill in many professional settings. In this lesson, we will discuss techniques for effective public speaking, including speech organization, delivery, and audience engagement. We will provide you with opportunities to practice delivering speeches and receive feedback to improve your public speaking skills.Lesson 18: Advanced Listening ComprehensionLesson 19: English for Travel and TourismLesson 20: English for Job InterviewsLesson 21: Advanced Writing TechniquesIn this lesson, we will explore advanced writing techniques, such as persuasive writing, argumentative writing, and creative writing. We will provide you with writingprompts and guidelines to help you develop your writingskills in different genres.Lesson 22: English for Social MediaLesson 23: English for Academic ResearchConducting academic research requires strong English language skills. In this lesson, we will discuss techniquesfor reading and understanding academic articles, as well as how to write research papers and cite sources correctly. Wewill provide you with practice exercises to enhance your academic research skills.Lesson 24: English for International RelationsIf you are interested in pursuing a career ininternational relations, this lesson will be beneficial. Wewill explore the language used in diplomacy, negotiations,and international conferences. We will provide you with examples and exercises to help you develop your Englishskills in this specialized field.Lesson 25: Final ReflectionWe hope that this College English SelfStudy Course has equipped you with the necessary tools and knowledge to excelin your English language abilities. Remember to practiceregularly, seek opportunities for language immersion, and never stop learning. Good luck in all your endeavors!。
大学英语自学教程下册课后参考答案
大学英语自学教程下册【课文练习答案】Unit One Text AⅠ. 1-d 2-c 3-c 4-a 5-dⅡ.1.alternative 2.fundamental 3.accompany 4.implement5.precedent6.attain7.objectives8.vary9.multiple 10.isolateⅢ.1-c make decisions 2-d design programs 3-i solve problems 4-j survive accidents 5-g seize opportunities 6-e pursue studies 7-h attain goals 8-a earn money 9-f consume time 10-h pay debtsⅣ.One evening while my wife and I were entertaining our dinner guests,our five-year-old daughter Debbie helped her mother serve dessert.Debbie brought the first slice of pie from the kitchen and placed the plate in front of me.I politely passed it to the woman next to me.Debbie put another slice of pie before me and again watched as I pa ssed it to another guest.“You might as well keep it,”my daughter said，“They are all the same size.”Ⅴ.1.Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.2.Some people suggest that all a manager does involves decisions.3.If there is no right choice there is no right decision to be made.4.Solutions vary because different people define the same problem in different terms.5.Decision makers are usually the key to the business development of a company. 【词汇练习答案】Text BⅠ. 1.a.be organized anizational anization2.a.simple b.simplified c.simplyd.simplification3.a.profit b.profitable c.profitability4.a.intention b.intended c.unintendedⅡ. 1.precedent 2.skilled 3.achievement 4.implement 5.optimal6.goal7.accomplish8. accompanies9.tendency 10.ongoingⅢ.1．He was accompanied to the concert by his friend.2．He has argued her out of her decision.3．His success was due in part to luck.4．In accordance with his suggestion,the procedure has been greatly simplified.5．The broadcast station predicted that it would be cold tomorrow.6．Movement is defined as a change in position or place.【课文练习答案】Ⅰ.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.TⅡ.1．preparation，confidence2．idea3．unattractive indifference4．hardworking，personality，interest5．speechless6．holidays，pay7．clean，neat，conservative8．the floor beside your chair9．politely，naturally10．Would you mind rephrasing the question，please【词汇练习答案】1.at a disadvantage2.conservative3.indifference4.make sure5.vague6.clutched7.turned down8.to your advantage9.clean and neat10.prospect11.take the trouble 12.place【课文练习答案】Unit Two Text AⅠ. 1.b 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.dⅡ. 1.inadequate 2.astronomers 3.density 4.shrink 5.intense6.boundary7.theory8.convince9.invisible 10.speculationⅢ. 1.density 2.observation，observer，observatory 3.speculation 4.mass5.region6.gravitation7.relativity8.basis9.evidence10.endlessnessⅣ.A 21-year-old Texas City man was charged with theft after police caught him trying to drag a newspaper vending machine toward his running vehicle.When the officer approached，the man stopped and acted as if he were reading the newspaper inside.“I was dragging it over here so that I could read the paper better，”he explained.After an officer pointed out that the light was brighter where the machine had been，the man replied，“I read but in the dark.”Ⅴ.1．Astronomers have not yet fully answered the question of what a black hole is.2．It is believed that a black hole can swallow up any objects like stars near it.3．The research into black holes is just beginning，and speculations about them are endless.4．It is still impossible for scientists to say what happens inside a black hole. Black holes would not be so intimidating if we have some idea of them.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.exploded b.exlosion c.explosive2.a.dense b.densely c.density3.a.measurable b.measurement c.measured4.a.basis b.basic c.based d.basicallyⅡ. 1.implication 2.gravity 3.boundary 4.interchangeable 5.explode6.galaxy7.convincing8.speculation9.shrank 10.suckingⅢ.1．A black hole exerts a very strong force.2．His company collapsed because of poor management.3．Several satellites were launched in our country in the 1980's.4．Is the medicine operating now?5．His figure was swallowed up in the dark.第二部分 Text BⅠ.1.T 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F10.TⅡ. 1.planets，orbit 2.suns 3.life，vegetation 4.satellite，sun5.very large， separate，lesser6.one part，another part7.nature，characteristics 8.plateaus，deserts，plains9.religion，government，education，special behaviour， 10.circumstances 【词汇练习答案】1.cloudless2.above all3.concernedrgely5.glitter6.as a rule7.unlikely8.thrilling9.whereas 10.revolveUnit 3Ⅰ. 1.c 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.cⅡ. 1.delay 2.recovery 3.lethal 4.debate 5.permit6.criterion/criteria(复)7.majority 8.take …into account9.undermine 10.vulnerableⅢ.1．Dr Wilfred Van Oijen's arguments for euthanasia:a.people have the fundamental right to choose death.b.the practice of euthanasia is quite different from planning to kill a crowdof people with a machine gun.c.sometimes there are situations where death is a friend.2．Dr Andrew Ferguson's arguments against euthanasia:a.what the patient is actually asking for is something else.b.the patients want a health professional to open up a communication for themwith their loved ones or family.3．Guide lines for carrying out euthanasia in the Netherlands:a.the patient is experiencing extreme suffering.b.there is no chance of a cure.c.the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia.d.a second doctor must confirm that the criteria above have been met and thedeath must be reported to the police department.Ⅳ.After I was sent to Egypt for the Operation Bright Star training program.I sawa weekend pass sightseeing in Cairo.A local offered to take my picture on his camel.“Free，”he said.“No charge.”I thanked him and handed him my camera.The man then shouted a com mand，and hiscamel sat down，allowing me to board.After taking the whole roll of film，the mansaid：“That will be $5.”“But you said you would take my picture free.”“Yes，that was free，“he agreed.“But is costs $5 to get you down from the camel.Ⅴ.1．Euthanasia can actually relieve dying people from their suffering.2．Don't you know that the Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permitsthe practice of euthanasia?3．Doctors who are for this view do not mean that they do not care for patients.4．After the first doctor has diagnosed the disease，the second doctor mustconfirm the diagnosis.5．Opponents argue that the patients do not really want to die，and that theymight be asking for something esle.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ.1．a.considerably b.considerate c.consideration d.considerable 2．a.able b.ability c.unable d.enable e.disabled f.disabled3．a.Traditional b.tradition c.traditionallyⅡ.1.weaken2.opt out3.deteriorate4.lethal5.request6.debate7.is/was affected with8.take into account 9.elderly 10.vulnerable 11.sensitive12.ensure 13.legalⅢ.1．They requested that the prisoners(should)be set free.2．His talents will ensure his success.3．They are planning a nationwide debate.4．He is very sensitive to changes of weather.5．The quality of his work has been deteriorating in recent years.6．The pollution of water makes residents vulnerable to diseases.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.FⅡ. 1.Oxford，Cambridge 2.old-body work 3.two 4.bias 5.public6.A level results，performance7.easily accessible8.better prepared9.Harvard，Yale，Chicago，Berkeley 10.constantly replicating【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.unfair 2.main 3.profession 4.private 5.accessibleⅡ. 1.appoint 2.performance 3.equal 4.amount to 5.by nature6.prime7.meritspetitive9.Remedial 10.worth【语法练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.has 2.is 3.are 4.seem 5.is 6.was 7.are 8.were 9.is 10.are11.is12.is 13.are14.am15.is16.have17.has18.have 19.have 20.was21.is22.has 23.speak24.is25.races26.were 27.approve 28.was29.says30.appeal31.are 32.is 33.are 34.was 35.is 36.has 37.are 38.has 39.is 40.is41.are42.am 43.are 44.is 45.is 46.have 47.are 48.have 49.has 50.isⅡ. 1.he 2.our 3.its 4.its 5.her，her 6.their 7.our 8.they 9.his 10.theirUnit 4第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.b 2.d 3.c 4.b 5.bⅡ. 1.diplomats 2.abuse 3.remove 4.quarter 5.guilt6.hire7.breadwinner8.introduce9.maintenance 10.immigrantⅢ. 1—i，2—c，3—b，4—e，5—j，6—g，7—h，8—f，9—a，10—d Ⅳ.My son gave a party one Saturday night.I was hesitant about having a group of teenagers in our home.but to my surprise，they were all charming .The kids complimented me on my energy，and how young I looked(I was 34).When the partyws over ，I told my son how much I enjoyed his friends and their comments .He smiled and askedif I felt like a teenager again.“Yes”，I responded，“and I felt wonderful.”“I'm glad," he said."By the way，I told everyone that you were 54.”Ⅴ.1．The government department that deals with the matter concerned does not keep statistics.2．It was because she could not support her family that she accepted a job asa domestic.3．She was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philipines to work in London.4．The working conditions of the domestics have received media attention.5．The employers always threatened that they would sent us back to our country. 【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.exploited b.exploitation c.exploitable2.a.execution b.executed c.executive3.a.employed b.employees c.employment4.a.immigrants b.immigrated c.immigrationⅡ. 1.status 2.slavery 3.minimum 4.despite 5.diplomat 6.domestic7.abroad8.convicted9.deported10.incidence 11.supposed12.deservingⅢ. 1．The resources should be exploited properly.2．The order was executed very well.3．This program deserves (is deserving of)further investigation.4．We have reduced the expenses to the minimum.5．I wouldn't believe the news despite what she said.6．Can such a small boat bring them over to the other side of the river?第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.FⅡ.1．leg irons，chain，groups，day-to-day privileges2．the harshest，television，phone calls3．circus，a zoo，slavery4．six out of every ten5．racial，political，heling clean up the highways，the State.6．inhuman，ineffective7．more angry，more hostile 8.poverty，disaffection within society8．Middle Ages，shame9．Deep South，Arkansas，Arizona【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.denied 2.gang 3.prevented 4.an argument 5.punishmentⅡ. 1.degrading 2.called up 3.liberty 4.in unison 5.unionUnit 5第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.d 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.bⅡ. 1.original 2.transformation 3.distinct 4.spontaneous5.individual6.essentially7.diverse8.live9.imitate 10.out of doorsⅢ. 1.maintenance 2.spontaneity 3.popularity 4.expression 5.rhythm6.distinction7.penetration8.immigration9.transformation 10.synthesisⅣ1．a.blues b.rock’n roll c.folk music2．a.an essentially black medium b. rhythmic dance musicc. popular among college students3．a.In the United States，it originated with youthful rock groups playing in SanFrancisco.b. In England，it was led by the Beetles，who were already established as an extremelyfine and highly individual rock group.4．a.The separate musical traditions were brought together.b.All the musical groups began using full range of electric instruments andthetechnology of electronic amplifiers.c. The music becomes a multi-media experience;a part of total environment.Ⅴ.1．The new music was built out of the three forms of music in existence .2．Rock'n roll，with its strong beat was popular among young people.3．The Beetles were a famous rock group in England.4．The modern music stresses the participation of the audience and listenersin the performance.5．Electronic amplifiers made the music penetrating.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.music b.musical c.musically d.musician2.a.conscious b.Consciousness c.consciously3.a.limited b.limits c.limitation d.limitless4.a.original b.originated c.originalityⅡ. 1.synthesis 2.studio 3.spontaneous 4.readily 5.passive6.multimedia7.distinct8.sentiment9.anti-war 10.eclecticismⅢ.1．This chapter is on the transformation of heat energy into dynamic energy.2．A crowd of people gathered spontaneously on the spot of the accident.3．The quarrel originated from misunderstanding.5．The troops took over this city since 1949.6．You should not take on so much work for the sake of your health.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.FⅡ.1．the spontaneously inspired(Franz Schubert)type，the constructive type，the tranditionalist type2．Well3．completed composition，musical theme4．shorter，a stretch 5.creative，musical theme5．notebooks/case6．preliminary7．pattern，theme8．for the sake of9．harmonies，sonorities，formal principles【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.b 5.aⅡ. 1.invariably不变地 variable易变的，变量variety各种各样various 各种各样的2.creative创造性的create创造 creation创造poser作曲家compose作曲，写作 composition 作曲，作文4.characteristic典型的，有特征的character品质，特性，人物characterize刻画，表现，塑造characterization刻画，塑造5.diverse多种多样的，不同的 diversified多样化了的，不同的diversify 使…多样化diversity多样化，多种多样6.tradition传统，习俗 tradtional传统的tradtionalist传统主义者，传统派7.construct建设，建造 constructive建设性的，积极的 construction建设，修筑，建筑物8.fruit水果，果实，成果fruitful硕果累累的，多产的fruitless不结果的，无收效的【语法练习答案】Ⅰ.1．Young as she was，she was quite experienced in this work.2．Hard as they tried，they couldn't find a solution to this problem.3．Little did they realize that they had made an important discovery in science.4．No sooner had we put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.5．Hardly did I expect that his condition would turn for the worse.6．Not only should we work hard ourselves，we should also get other people interested in the work.7．Not until you talked with him did he realize the seriousness of his mistake.8．Never did he expect that the project would be completed so soon.9．Rarely did we see anyone so devoted as she to medical science.10．Scarcely had she said the words when she began to regret it.11．Ahead of us lie many difficulties.12．Far in the distance lay ranges of mountains covered with forests.13．Next to him stood Edgar Snow.14．Standing in the doorway was a young man in blue uniform. 15.Out rushed the man and his wife.Ⅱ.A:1.The second point I'll explain later.2.This one I shall send by ordinary mail.3.All these we shall take into full account.4.What you've just said，I'll always keep in mind.5.This we shall understand.B:1.The time has now come to put an end to this practice.(修饰the time)2.The question will arise of how to prevent air pollution.(修饰the question)3.The belief is commonly held that Englishmen are more reserved than Americans.(修饰the belief)4.A list will be sent to you of the major items they have produced.(修饰a list)5.The order soon came that we have to leave the small town immediately.(修饰order)Ⅲ.1．He likes sports very much.So does his child.2．She did not like this idea.Nor did her husband.3．Only in this way can we expect to do our work well.4．Not until in 1990 did I know he was a teacher of English.5．Never has any country made so great an effort to develop industry .6．Not far away from the bridge was a tall building.7．Not only did they work hard，but they worked very well.8．Before us were walking a crowd of Young Pioneers.9．Had I been informed earlier，I would have been of help.10．I worked in a small factory in Wuxi last year.Unit 6第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.bⅡ. 1.prevalent 2.welding 3.appliance 4.switch 5.artificial6.identify7.convert8.discard9.defective 10.assembleⅢ. 1.f 2.d 3.b 4.j 5.c 6.i 7.e 8.g 9.h 10.aⅣ. 1.not e 3.sign 4.one 5.means 6.end 7.himⅤ.1．The use of robots has been increasingly prevalent in recent years.2．The newly developed robots have the sense of vision ，which allows them to see objects，and the ability of making decisions.3．Robots are widely used in automotive industry.4．Both light-sensitive materials and digital cameras are part of photographic equipment.5．Robots differ greatly from automatic machines.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.efficiency b.efficient c.efficiently2.a.has increased b.increasingly c.increasingpletely pleted pletion4.a.intensify b.intensity c.intensive d.intenseⅡ. 1.reduction 2.shade 3.appliance 4.prevalent5.personnel6.defective7.specific8.capable of9.in between 10.asembled 11.exposeⅢ.1．At the critical moment，we should be capable of facing all difficulties.2．After considering the problem，they switched their attention to other things.3．Spray painting on the desks.4．We should expose children to new ideas.5．We have plenty of natural resources.6．He is critical of her ignorance of the law.7．He switched from one job to another in the past three years.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.T Ⅱ. 1.forecast 2.early warning 3.China，Alaska 4.the energy5.shifting，cracks，faults，crust.6.seismic7.radon,ground wateres from9.partial，processes 10.Haicheng，1975【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.bⅡ. 1.analyze 2.forecast 3.set up 4.reliability 5.preceded 6.subsided 7.speculated 8.warningsUnit 7第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.cⅡ. 1.leisure 2.provide 3.desirable 4.strain 5.portray6.stressful7.context8.variety9.impart 10.motivateⅢ. 1.relax 2.entertain 3.recognize 4.possess5.observe6.recreate7.satisfy8.occupy9.pursue 10.attainⅣ. 1.at 2.my 3.asked 4.honeymoon 5.forward 6.other 7.sirⅤ.1．The term “Quality of life”covers a wide scope.2．In a fast-faced stressful society，setting aside some time for relaxation is good for health.3．People's interests and preference are related to social contexts and their individual learning experience.4．The positive attitude underlies people's creative use of their spare time.5．Researchers and observations show that people are more and more concerned with quality of life.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.desirability 名词，在句中作宾语 b.desires句中缺少中心词，作主语 c.desirable形容词作表语2.a.occupation under enemy occupation在敌人的控制之下 b.occupies 句中缺少谓语c.occupant“the+形容词”表示一类人d.occupation职责3.a.preference名词，表示“偏爱” b.preferably副词作状语 c.preferable形容词作表语 d.prefer动词作谓语4.a.recognizable形容词作定语 b.recognition beyond recognition不可辨认，辨认不出 c.recognize5.a.satisfaction b.satisfied c.satisfactory形容词作表语 d.satisfy e.satisfyingⅡ. 1.urban 2.satisfaction 3.relaxation 4.has acquired 5.cocerned with 6.motivated7.possession 8.impact 9.participation 10.loom 11.portrayed 12.desirableⅢ.1．He always takes a positive attitude in correcting the mistakes of hi s students.2．Before going aboard the plane，the passengers attached a tag to their handbags.3．His skin color is not necessarily relevant to his being a good lawyer .4．A large ship was looming in the heavy fog.5．That's not a mistake on our part.6．Schools should set as their objective the attainment of a balanced development of the students.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.TⅡ. 1.elusive 2.tricky 3.waste，control 4.quick sand 5.control 6.slave 7.flexible8.appointments，addresses，telephone numbers 9.underestimate，overestimate 10.temptations【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.DⅡ. 1.b 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.cUnit 8第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.c 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.Ⅱ. 1.minimize 2.local 3.instantaneously 4.regulate5.interact6.timing7.alarm clock8.discrepancy9.destined 10.feasibleⅢ. 1.are 2.for 3.the 4.again 5.into 6.the 7.the 8.andⅣ.1．It is not diffcult to understand the discomfort that rapid travel brings to the body.2．One of the reasons for this is that different activities of the human body are controlled by various actors.3．Protein in food stimulates wakefulness,while carbohydrates promote sleep.4．The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes acoss at some time.5．It is not feasible to wait several days until the adjusting mechanism of the body is adjusted to the new time zone.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.negotiable b.negotiate c.negotiation2.a.regulation b.regulate c.regulatory d.regularized3.a.assumes b.assuming c.assumed d.assumption4.a.periodically b.periodical c.periodicity d.periodⅡ. 1.does synchronize 2.discrepancies 3.internal 4.resets 5.out of step 6.external 7.overcome8.destination9.mechanism 10.neutral gs 12.to advantage 13.feasible 14.instantaneouslyⅢ.1．We should promote mutual understanding between our two nations.2．The project seems to be feasible.3．He is out of step with modern life.4．We should transcend ourselves before overcoming the difficulties.5．There exists a remarkable lag between his idea and his action.6．The model is seeking an opportunity to show her off to advantage.7．Your assumption is not based on adequate facts.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.FⅡ. 1.centering one's a ttention 2.varies 3.constant 4.distraction 5.symptom 6.routine7.central focal 8.physiological,physical 9.goal,direction 10.the ability【词汇练习答案】1.productivity2.distract3.fluctuates4.exceptional5.misled6.true of7.attend to 8.appreciate 9.typical 10.Motivation 11.contrary to 12.hinder,fromUnit 9第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.b(答案见第一段第三行) 2.c(para.2) 3.c(para.3最后一行) 4.a.(para.linel,2,3) 5.dⅡ. 1.approximate 2.aged 3.paradox 4.apparentposition6.elsewhere7.elementary8.alter9.precede 10.slippery Ⅲ. 1.c. advantageous——disadvantageous 2.a. slippery——stable3.h. upwards——downwards4.g. dependent——independent5.c. wealthy——poor6.b. lengthen——shorten7.i. different——same 8.f. active——inactive9.j. birth——death 10.d. effective——ineffective Ⅳ. 1.test 2.doctor 3.test 4.My 5.arrived 6.at 7.openedⅤ.1．Aging has become a social problem.2．People are against the idea that it comes from the fall of the birth rate.3．Expectations of life are due to various factors.4．The estimates of life are the average prediction of how long a person can live.5．Long life is altering our life,and our society.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.appreciation b.appreciate c.appreciative2.a.activity b.activated c.active d.inactive3.a.continues b.continued c.continuation d.continuouse.continuing4.a.expect b.expectant c.expectancyd.expectationⅡ. 1.classify 2.salient 3.liability 4.altered5.paradox6.lengthens7.dependency8.revision9.upwards 10.approximatesⅢ.1．He always neglects his own health.2．The price of the goods is quite out of proportion to its value.3．His description of the event approximates to the fact.4．He barely acknowledged the errors in his statement.5．Warm applause indicated their appreciation of the performance.6．Memory can be classified into long term memory and short-term memory.7．Things altered completely.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.TⅡ. 1.pride,belief 2.responsible,honest,loving 3.temporary,manageable,emerge 4.acting,talking5.isolated,lonely,received.6.a smile,a good grade on a report card,pride7.hear,see,think,rude,inconsiderate,rough8.contribute,within 9.throughout 10.positive attitudes【词汇练习答案】1.esteem2.take advantage of3.easy to be coped with4.handle5.appropriate6.infant's7.withdraw 8.really 9.worthless 10.outcomeUnit 10第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ.1.d 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.dⅡ. 1.beat(defeat) 2.decisive(critical) 3.faithfulness(loyalty) 4.forceful effect(impact)5.finally(ultimately)6.difficult(tough)7.support(approval)8.arouse;excite(stir)9.the position of a president(presidency) 10.overpowering(overwhelming)Ⅲ. 1.strategy 2.election 3.democracy 4.presidency 5.economy6.constitution7.loyalty8.motivation9.certainty 10.provisionⅢ. for,lost,without,cost,buy,r age,alteredⅣ.1．In the United States,presidential elections occur every 4 years.2．Usually a major－party nominee has a higher approval rating than a minor －party nominee.3．Strategy is critical in the presidential election.4．In order to get the votes,the presidential candidates are particularly concerned with the important states.5．Out of a dozen political parties in America,only two are the leading ones. 【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.strategical b.strategically c.strategy d.strategist2.a.represent b.representation c.representative3.a.democratic b.democracy c.democrat4.a.nominal b.nominate c.nomination d.nomineeⅡ. 1.certainty 2.impact 3.provision 4.stirring5.election6.declined7.pursued8.Congress9.overwhelming 10.loyaltyⅢ.1．His return to the country will bring great impact on the political circle.2．Everyone should be concerned with the country's future.3．Hong Kong's return stirs very greatly all over the world.4．I identify the stolen tape recorder as mine.5．He is one of the most authoritative representatives.6．He is determined to persue the post graduate study.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.F Ⅱ.1.two party,Democratic,Republican 2.poll,cast 3.rivalry 4.rooted 5.conducted 6.favors,maintain,dominant7.automatic,inevitable8.in power,overturned 9.monopolize 10.extreme,moderate【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.majority 2.broken 3.dozen 4.came into power 5.opposition 6.transfer 7.belongs to 8.nominated9.in favor of 10.overturnedⅡ. 1.dominate(支配，占优势) dominant(支配的，占优势的) dominaticn(控制，统治) dominance(优势，统治)pete(竞争) competitor(竞争者) competition(竞争) competitive(竞争的)3.opposition(反对) oppose(反对) opposite(反对的，对立的)4.carry on(继续，经营) carry out(执行，实行) carry away(使失去自控能力，使失去理智)5.nominate(提名，任命，命名) nomination(提名，任命) nominee(被提名者) nominal(名义上的)6.collect(收集) collection(收集、收藏) collective(集体的)7.automatic(自动的) automatically(自动地)automobile(汽车) automotive(汽车的，自动推进的)8.elect(选举) election(选举) electorate(全体选民，选区)Unit 11第一部分 Text A【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.d 5.dⅡ. 1.disorder 2.advance 3.irrelevant 4.misleading5.irresponsible6.eventual7.decline8.undergo9.alternative 10.ethicalⅢ. 1.a.anaesthetics b.vaccines c.treatment for diabetesd.cancere.developmental disorders2.a.reduction b.refinement c.replacementa.reducing the use of animals in the experimentsb.improving the conditions of the animal in experimentspletely getting rid of the use of animals in the experiments.3.all the animals in a test group are given a substance until half of them die;using a fixed amount,using fewer animals,not requiring them to die.Ⅳ. in, children, kids, at, of, green, nine, she, soldiersⅤ.1．Animal research has contributed a lot to the human medical development.2．People have different attitudes toward whether animal re-se arch is relevant to human health.3．The number of animals used in experiments has declined over the past 20 years.4．The new research result shows that some experiments can be done without the use of animals.5．Although medical techniques become more and more advanced, stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away.【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.a.develop b.developmental c.development2.a.relevance b.irrelevant c.relevant d.relevantly3.a.inresponsible b.responsible c.responsibility4.a.Ethics b.ethical c.unethicalⅡ. 1.paralysed 2.regeneration 3.simulating 4.suitable5.misleading6.replace7.eventual8.disorder9.lethal 10.undergoⅢ.1．The artist reproduced every detail of your appearance in the picture.2．We should aim for higher productivity.3．He offered the argument which was central to the problem.4．I think his words are irrelevant to our topic.5．Since more and more people are entering the city,the security in the city is undergoing a change.第二部分 Text B【课文练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.FⅡ. 1.lovable,delightful,favored 2.humanity 3.patient,understanding4.attaches,going and coming5.takes all,gives nothing,contented,serene6.more imperative7.purchase,health care,feeding,housing,training8.news,begging ads 9.developed,“Third world”10.want,starvation 【词汇练习答案】Ⅰ. 1.grant 2.devotion 3.at ease 4.break in on 5.starving6.deprived7.take…for granted8.brought out 9.unreasonable 10.relief 【语法练习答案】Ⅰ.1．欧·享利的小说的写作风格是活泼的、对话体的，结局以出人意料著称。
大学英语自学教程下册同步配套题解
大学英语自学教程下册同步配套题解Text AWhat Is a Decision?一、课文导读人生离不开决策, 但决策到底是什么, 有什么重要性, 有何依据, 遵循什么原则, 本文将对这些问题进行剖析, 相信对您事业的成功会有所帮助。
二、重点单词和短语objective accomplishpredict accompanyattain schemeskilled course of actionin the way make a guess atcontribute to and the likeseek to do sth in partpoint of view vary from...to...三、重点短语注释1.course of action 行动步骤，办事程序，做事方案What is the best course of action we can take?我们采取什么办法最好?Your best course of action is to forget about the whole unfortunate matter.你最好的方法是忘掉这一切不幸。
2.in the way 挡路，阻碍，妨碍I’m afraid your car is in the way.看来你的汽车挡着道了。
I left them alone, as I felt I was in the way.我觉得自己碍他们的事，就走了。
3.to make a guess at 对……进行猜测Make a guess at an answer, please!请猜一下答案!If I might make a guess (at her age), I’d say she was about 30.要让我猜(她年龄)的话，我看她大概三十岁。
4.to blind sb to sth 使某人看不到某物，使某人对某物丧失判断力His desire to do it blinded him to all the difficulties.他急于做事的愿望让他对困难一无所知。
大学英语自学教程下册课文翻译及答案
Unit 1第一部分 Text A【课文译文】什么是决策？决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。
之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。
因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。
管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。
虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。
管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。
但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。
有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。
选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。
决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。
例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。
选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。
没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。
如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。
例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。
这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。
在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其范围小到微乎其微，大到近乎无限。
决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。
组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。
由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解，最佳的选择就在于决策者了。
常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利，而对上一级的部门来说，就不是较佳选择了。
这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡，叫做局部优化。
例如，市场营销经理为增加广告预算可能会讲得头头是道，但从更大的布局来看，增加优化产品的研究经费也许对组织更有利。
大学英语自学教程下
suboptimization[]n.局部最优化，次优化
trade-off[]n.(对不能同时兼顾的因素)权衡；物物交换
argue['a:gju:]vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服
budget['b3d7it]n.预算 vt.把…编入预算；安排，预定
opt[0pt]vi.抉择，选择(for)，在…之间选择
shorten['60:tn]vt./vi.缩短，缩小；减少
vulnerable['v3ln2r2b2l]a.易受伤的，弱小的；易受…攻击的
prohibition[,pr2uhi'bi62n]n.禁止；禁令
individual[,indi'vid7u2l]n.个人，个体，独立单位 a.个人的；个别的
convincing[k2n'vinsi8]a.有说服力的，使人信服的
binary['bain2ri]a.二，双；二进制的 n.双(体)；联星
twin[twin]a./n.双胞胎(的)［Twins］［天］双子座
companion[k2m'p9ni2n]n.同伴，同事；［天］伴星(=～star)
implication[,impli'kei62n]n.含意，暗示；牵连，涉及，卷入
basis['beisis]n.基础，根据；主要成份；军事基地
launch[l0:nt6]vt.发射；使(船)下水 n.发射，(船)下水
galaxy['g9l2ksi]n.［天］星系，［G-］银河系
observatory[2b'z2:v2t2ri]n.天文台；了望台
自考《大学英语自学教程》(上)课后练习例句汉译英(汉英对照)
《大学英语自学教程》（上）课后练习例句汉译英（汉英对照）1 研究表明，成功的语言学习者在许多方面有共同之处。
Research shows that the successful language learners are similar in many ways.2 语言学习是一种主动的学习，学习者应该利用一切机会运用语言。
Language learning is an active learning; learners should take every chance to use the language.3 学习语言应该主动地独立地有目的的学。
We should learn language independently, actively and purposefully.4 学语言不同于学数学。
Learning language is different from learning maths.5 老师经常将成功的语言学习经验传授给我们。
Teachers often offer successful experience of language learning to us.6 他们发现要掌握一门外语是困难的。
They found that it is difficult to learn a foreign language.7 这项研究表明成功人士在许多方面是相似的。
This research shows that the successful people are similar in many ways.8 成功的语言学习者不只依赖书本或教师。
Successful language learners don’t only depend on th e book or the teacher.9 我们愿意帮助我们的朋友。
We are willing to help our friends. ♫10 我们应该独立地积极地并且有目的地学习新东西。
大学英语自学教程含课文翻译注释答案(上下合订)
Unit 1第一部分 Text A【课文译文】怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者“学习一门语言很容易，即使小孩也能做得到。
”大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法。
对他们来说，学习一门语言是非常困难的事情。
他们需要数百小时的学习与练习，即使这样也不能保证每个成年语言学习者都能学好。
语言学习不同于其他学习。
许多人很聪明，在自己的领域很成功，但他们发现很难学好一门语言。
相反，一些人学习语言很成功，但却发现很难在其他领域有所成就。
语言教师常常向语言学习者提出建议：“要用新的语言尽量多阅读”，“每天练习说这种语言”，“与说这种语言的人住在一起”，“不要翻译——尽量用这种新的语言去思考”，“要像孩子学语言一样去学习新语言”，“放松地去学习语言。
”然而，成功的语言学习者是怎样做的呢?语言学习研究表明，成功的语言学习者在许多方面都有相似之处。
首先，成功的语言学习者独立学习。
他们不依赖书本和老师，而且能找到自己学习语言的方法。
他们不是等待老师来解释，而是自己尽力去找到语言的句式和规则。
他们寻找线索并由自己得出结论，从而做出正确的猜测。
如果猜错，他们就再猜一遍。
他们都努力从错误中学习。
成功的语言学习是一种主动的学习。
因此，成功的语言学习者不是坐等时机而是主动寻找机会来使用语言。
他们找到(说)这种语言的人进行练习，出错时请这些人纠正。
他们不失时机地进行交流，不怕重复所听到的话，也不怕说出离奇的话，他们不在乎出错，并乐于反复尝试。
当交流困难时，他们可以接受不确切或不完整的信息。
对他们来说，更重要的是学习用这种语言思考，而不是知道每个词的意思。
最后，成功的语言学习者学习目的明确。
他们想学习一门语言是因为他们对这门语言以及说这种语言的人感兴趣。
他们有必要学习这门语言去和那些人交流并向他们学习。
他们发现经常练习使用这种语言很容易，因为他们想利用这种语言来学习。
你是什么样的语言学习者?如果你是一位成功的语言学习者，那么你大概一直在独立地、主动地、目的明确地学习。
《大学英语自学教程》(下)课后练习例句汉译英
给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup
《大学英语自学教程》（下）课后练习例句汉译英（汉英对照）
英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。
其实坦白说，如果自己一个人学习英语太孤独，太寂寞，没有办法坚持，好几次都会半途而废。
只要你加入到那个群里以后，自己就会每天都能在群里坚持学，坚持不停地说和练，由于是付费群，群里的成员学习氛围非常强，每天的训练度都非常猛，本来很懒惰的你一下子就被感染了，不由自主地被带动起来参与操练，不好意思偷懒，别人的刻苦学习精神会不知不觉影响你，Empty Your Cup英语微信群(进群加维新 601332975)可以彻底治好你的拖延症，里面学员都非常友好，总是给你不断的帮助和鼓励，让你在学英语的路上重新燃起了斗志，因为每天都在运用，你的英语口语就能得到了迅猛的提升，现在可以随便给一个话题，都能用英文滔滔不绝的发表5分钟以上对这个话题的看法和观点，想提高英语口语的可以加入进来，It really works very well.
《大学英语自学教程》（下）课后练习例句汉译英（汉英对照）
9。
大学英语自学教程(下)Unit8
Vocabulary exercises：词汇练习
Ⅰ. 1.
2. 3. 4. a.negotiable a.regulation c.regulatory a.assumes c.assumed a.periodically c.periodicity b.negotiate c.negotiation b.regulate d.regularized b. assuming d.assumption b.periodical d.period
• instantaneously ad.瞬间地;即刻地 transport vt.运输 n.运输 overcome vt.战胜;克服 （overcame ,overcome） regulate vt./n.1.管理;2.调节 • timing n.1.时间的选择;2.计时,定时 periodicity n.周期性,间发性 n. , internal a.1.内部的,内在的;2.国内的 suprachiasmatic a.超(染色体)交叉的 rhythm n.1.韵律,格律;2.节奏 timer n.计时员,定时器 external a.外在的,在外的
Ⅱ. 1. does synchronize 2.discrepancies 3.internal 4.resets 5.out of step 6.external 7.overcome 8.destination 9.mechanism 10.neutral gs 12.to advantage 13.feasible 14.instantaneously
mid-afternoon a.下午三点左右的 neutral a.1.中立的;2,中性的 wakefulness n.觉醒,不眠 promote vt.1.促进;2.提升;3.发起 synchronize vi.同时发生, vt. 使同步 effect on 对...的作用 to blame ...on 把...归咎于 to advantage 有利地,有效地 as fresh as paint 精神饱满 now that (连词)既然,由于 to leave ...alone 1.不管,不理;2.听其自然 out of step 步伐不一致;不协调 in time 1.及时, 2.终于 Jet lag 乘飞机的时差而引起的生理节奏的破坏
大学英语自学教程(上下)讲义
华夏大地教育网英语二重点班的同学们，大家好！我是华夏大地教育网英语一精讲和英语二重点班的辅导老师高伟。
欢迎大家来到华夏大地重点班英语2的辅导课堂。
为了帮助大家能在英语2考试中顺利通过，华夏大地教育网在此构建了英语2重点班的学习辅导活动。
在听取重点班的讲解之前，我希望大家能对教材内容有一个较为清晰的认识，做到熟悉文章内容即可。
在每期重点班里，讲解内容分为三部分：1、对教材每一课需要大家注意的重点词汇、词组和重点句型做一个详细的回顾；2、针对大家平时在学习英语中感到头疼的重点语法内容展开详细的介绍；3、实战演练，针对英语2考查题型，在解题思路上做一个明确的阐述。
重点班每次上课的时间为一个半小时，要求大家在听讲解的过程中仔细体会讲义中的精华。
同时对于每次提前给大家留的讲义作业版，要求大家在上课前主动地去思考、完成。
只有你找到了在做题时与老师的分析方法不同之处，才会明白英语考试并非如大家想像得那么困难，同时也可以结合自己的一些优势不断更新符合自身的解题方法。
词汇是基础，只有在掌握了一定的词汇量后，才能更透彻地理解讲义的内涵。
同时，要求同学们关注历年真题，既做到熟悉真题的难度，及时补救复习中的漏洞，同时要有效地控制做题的时间。
当然，我更希望大家都能以一种快乐、沉稳的心态应对考试。
让我们向快乐出发，向英语二的封锁线跃进！第一单元知识点的回顾Text A1.choose----choice：词型转换常考，同时注意该词的过去式和过去完成式。
2.★available:这个词考频很高。
如果在答案中出现了该词，从选择上应予优先考虑。
这个词出现的句子中经常会同时出现ticket, food, book等相匹配，出现的地点可以是theatre, supermarket等。
3.decide----decision：注意词组搭配(make-)和词性上的变化。
4.purpose：既可以考词意，也可以考后面的谓语动词的形式。
凡是出现purpose, aim, objective, plan，dream, goal等有含有目的性的词做主语时，后面的谓语动词一定是be to do的形式，同时关注这些词是否为复数形式。
大学英语自学教程课文下unit4
[00:00.00]Unit 4 text A Slavery on Our Doorstep[00:03.75]我们身边的奴役[00:07.50]There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants [00:11.38]据估计,在英国工作的外籍家庭佣人有两万多人[00:15.26]working in Britain (the exact figure is not known because the Home Office, [00:19.28](因为处理这项事务的政府部门---内政部[00:23.30]the Government department that deals with this,does not keep statistics) [00:26.68]没有做统计,所以不知道确切的数目).[00:30.07]Usually,they have been brought over by foreign businessmen,[00:32.85]通常,他们被外国商人,外交官[00:35.63]diplomats or Britons returning from abroad.[00:38.06]和从海外归来的英国人带来.[00:40.49]Of these 20,000,just under 2,000 are being exploited[00:44.42]两万名佣人中有近2000人被他们的雇主剥削,虐待,[00:48.35]and abused by their employers according to a London-based campaigning group[00:56.01]which helps overseas servants working in Britain.[00:58.68]根据某个设在伦敦的帮助在英国工作的国外佣人的政治组织讲,[01:01.36]The abuse can take several forms.[01:04.29]虐待有多种形式.[01:07.21]Often the domestics are not allowed to go out,[01:12.96]and they do not receive any payment.[01:15.18]佣人经常不允许出去,也得不到任何报酬.[01:17.40]They can be physically,sexually and psychologically abused.[01:20.94]他们受到身体上的,性方面的和心理上的虐待.[01:24.48]And they can have their passports removed[01:26.91]他们的护照可能已被拿走,[01:29.34]making leaving or"escaping" virtually impossible.[01:32.46]使其实际上不可能离开或"逃走".[01:35.58]The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world[01:38.91]今年早些时候引起大众高度注意的事件中,[01:42.24]received much media attention earlier this yearin several highly publicised cases.[01:46.48]全世界女佣的悲惨善得到了媒体的注意.[01:50.71]In one of them,[01:52.39]其中一个事件是,[01:54.08]a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, [01:57.55]其中一个事件是,一个菲律宾女佣在被判谋杀罪后,在新加坡被处决.[02:01.03]despite protests from various quarters that her guilt[02:07.58]had not been adequately established.[02:09.96]尽管各方面都抗议她的罪行尚未充分证实.[02:12.34]Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other,lessdramatic,cases[02:16.41]类似于国际反奴隶制的团体声称,其他一些不太富戏剧性的情况[02:20.49]are equally deserving of attention,[02:22.76]也同样值得注意,[02:25.03]such as that of Lydia Garcia a filipino maid working in London:[02:28.66]如一个在伦敦工作的菲律宾女佣,莉迪亚.加西亚事件.[02:32.29]"I was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989.[02:36.62]"我受雇于一位沙特外交官,1989年直接从菲律宾来伦敦工作.[02:40.94]I was supposed to be paid 120 but I never received that amount.[02:44.82]我本应该得到120英镑报酬,但我从示得到那个数目.[02:48.70]They always threatened that they would send me back to my country.[02:51.94]他们一直威胁说要把我遣送回国.[02:55.18]Then there is the case of Kumari from Sri Lanka.[02:57.75]此外,还有来自斯里兰卡的库马里事件.[03:00.32]The main breadwinner in her family,[03:02.56]她家主要靠她赚钱维持生计,[03:04.79]she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.[03:08.37]她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份微薄的工资.[03:11.95]Because she found it difficult to feed her four children,[03:14.57]因为发现很难养活她的四个孩子,[03:17.20]she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.[03:20.18]她接受了在伦敦做佣人的一份工作.[03:23.15]She says she felt like a prisoner at the London house where she worked [03:26.48]她说在那所她工作的伦敦房子里感觉像个囚犯:[03:29.82]"No days off--ever,no breaks at all,no proper food,[03:33.75]"没有假期--从来没有.根本没有间歇,没有适宜的食物.[03:37.68]I didn't have my own room;[03:39.81]我没有自己的房间,[03:41.94]I slept on a shelf with a space of only three feet above me.[03:45.62]睡在一个架子上,上面只有三英尺的空间.[03:49.30]I wasn't allowed to talk to anybody.[03:53.98]I wasn't even allowed to open the window.[03:56.25]不允许与任何人讲话,甚至不允许打开窗子.[03:58.52]My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police [04:02.35]我的雇主常威胁我要向内政部或警方报告.[04:06.18]At the end of 1994[04:08.40]1994年年底,[04:10.62]the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers[04:14.00]英国政府引进新的措施来帮助保护家务工作者,[04:17.38]from abuse by their employers.[04:19.45]使其免受雇主的虐待.[04:21.51]This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18,[04:24.99]其中包括把雇员的最低年龄提高到18岁,[04:28.46]getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet,[04:31.49]让雇员阅读并理解一份忠告传单,[04:34.52]getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions [04:38.54]使雇主同意提供适当的生活费用和条件,[04:42.57]and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job[04:45.75]把工作的主要条款和条件形成文字[04:48.94](of which the employees should see a copy).[04:51.37](雇员应看到副本).[04:53.80]However,many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.[04:57.93] 然而,许多工作人怀疑这样是否能成功地减少虐待发生.[05:02.05]For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics[05:08.30]who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions[05:11.42]但抱怨残酷生活和工作条件的车外女佣和家仆们面临的主要问题是[05:14.54]is thatthey do not have independent immigrant status[05:17.48]他们没有独立的移民身份,[05:20.42]and so cannot change employer.[05:22.64]因此就不能更换雇主[05:24.86](They are allowed in the United Kingdom under a special concession in the immigration rules[05:28.74](他们之所以能住宅区在英国[05:32.62]which allows foreigners to bring domestic staff with them.)[05:35.74]是因为移民法特许权允许外国专家人带的佣人住在英国).[05:38.86]So if they do complain,they risk being deported.[05:41.89]所以,他们真的抱怨的话,就有被驱逐出境的危险.[05:44.92]Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work[05:48.36]允许他们向不同的雇主寻求同样形式的工作.[05:51.79]but with a different employer,[05:55.45]if they so choose,is what groups like Anti-Slavery International[05:58.97]选择这样做的话,这就是像国际反奴隶制这样的组织正极力向政府争取的. [06:02.50]are campaigning the Government for.[06:07.23]It is,theysay,the right to change employers[06:13.71]which distinguishes employment from slavery.[06:16.44]他们说,正是改换雇主的权利把雇佣和奴役区别开来.[06:19.17]Text B Return of The Chain Gang[06:21.84]带铁链的囚犯队又回来了[06:24.52]Eyewitnesses say it was a scene straight out of a black and white movie from the 1950s.[06:27.80]目击者称这是直接取自20世纪50年代一部黑白影片的一个镜头.[06:31.08]As the sun rose over the fields of Huntsville,Alabama,in the American South [06:34.11]当太阳升起在美国南部阿拉巴马州亨茨维尔的旷野上的时候,[06:37.14]the convicts got down from the trucks that had brought them there.[06:39.50]罪犯们从把他们带到那里的卡车上下来.[06:41.87]Watched over by guards with guns,[06:43.79]在携枪的警卫的监视下,[06:45.71]they raised their legs in unison[06:49.26]and made their wayto the edge of hehighway,Interstate 65.[06:52.19]他们步伐一致地走向65号州际公路边.[06:55.11]The BBC's Washington correspondent Clare Boderson was there[06:57.95]BBC驻华盛顿记者克莱尔.博尔德森正在现场,[07:00.78]and she sent this report:[07:02.36]他发出如下报道:[07:03.94]"They wore white uniforms with the words "Chain Gang" on their backs [07:07.12] "他们穿着背印有'铁链囚犯队'的白色囚服,[07:10.29]and,in groups of five,[07:12.17]五人一组,[07:14.05]were shackled together in leg irons joined by an eight-foot chain.[07:16.98]用一条长八英尺的铁链将脚镣连在一起.[07:19.90]The prisoners will work for up to 90 days on the gang:[07:22.28]囚犯们要被拴盛开队,劳动长达90天.[07:24.66]they'll clear ditches of weeds and mend fences along Alabama's main roads [07:28.04]他们要清除阿拉巴马的主要公路沿线沟中的杂草,修理护栏.[07:31.42]While they are working on the gang,[07:33.25]他们被拴成一队工作时,[07:35.08]they'll also live in some of the harshest prison conditions in the United States. [07:38.06]还要住在美国最严酷的监狱环境中.[07:41.04]There'll be no televisions or phone calls;[07:43.16]没有电视或电话,[07:45.29]many other day-to-day privileges will be denied."[07:47.81]许多日常的基本权利也拒绝给予."[07:50.33]The authorities in Alabama[07:52.07]阿拉巴马州官方讲,[07:53.81]say there is a lot of support for there,introduction of chain gangs in the State [07:59.76]after a gap of 30 years[08:01.59]在30年后许多工作人支持在州里恢复用铁链把囚犯拴在起的做法[08:03.42](the last gangs were abolished in Georgia in the early 1960s).[08:06.24](在20世纪60年代早期佐治来州废除了最后一批铁链囚犯队).[08:09.06]Many people believe it is an effective way[08:13.64]to get criminals to pay back their debt to society.[08:15.86]许多工作人相信这是一种让罪犯向社会还清债务的有效途径.[08:18.08]The prisoners stay shackled when they use toilets.[08:20.35]囚犯们上厕所时也戴着镣铐,[08:22.62]They reacted sharply to the treatment they are given:[08:24.89]他们强烈反抗他们所受到的待遇.[08:27.17]Prisoner one: "This is like a circus.A zoo.[08:30.04]第一个囚犯说:"这像是一个马戏团,一个动物园.[08:32.91]All chained here to a zoo.We're all animals now."[08:35.64]这里所有的人都拴在动物园里,现在我们就像动物一样."[08:38.37]Prisoner two: "It's degrading. It's embarrassing."[08:41.25]第二个囚犯说:"这时污辱,令人困窘."[08:44.12]Prisoner three: "In chains. It's slavery!"[08:47.01]第三个囚犯说:"戴着锁链,这简直是奴隶制."[08:49.89]Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black,[08:52.26]每十个戴锁链的囚犯里有六个黑人,[08:54.62]which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by [08:57.65]这就是为什么使戴锁链的囚犯们想起几个世纪以前的奴隶制的情景.[09:00.68]when black people were brought from Africa in leg irons[09:03.01]那时,黑人戴着脚镣从非洲被带来,[09:05.33]and made to work in plantations owned by white men.[09:07.67]被近在白人拥有的种植园里干活儿.[09:10.01]Not surprisingly,[09:11.54]毫不令人奇怪的是,[09:13.06]although threequartersof the white population of Alabama supports chain gangs, [09:15.99]虽然3/4的阿拉巴马州的白人支持把囚犯用铁链拴在一起,[09:18.92]only a small number of black people do.[09:20.89]但只有少数黑人支持.[09:22.86]Don Claxton,spokesman for the State Government of Alabama,[09:25.84]阿拉巴马州政府发言人唐.克莱克斯顿坚持说,[09:28.82]insists that the system is not racist:[09:30.84]这种制度并非种族歧视:[09:32.87]"This isn't something that's done for racial reasons,for political reasons.[09:35.74]"并不是由于种族或政治原因而这样做.[09:38.61]This is something that's going to help save the people of Alabama tax money [09:41.39]这样做能帮助节省阿拉马马州的税收,[09:44.18]because they don't have to pay as many officers to work on the highways. [09:46.81]因为不必再为在公路上工作人员付报酬了.[09:49.45]And it's going to help clean up our highways[09:51.48]并且这也会帮助清理公路,[09:53.50]and it's going to help clean up the State."[09:55.38]有助于清洁整个州.[09:57.26]However,the re-introduction of these measures[10:01.91]has caused a great deal of strong disagreement.[10:03.99]然而,重新彩这些措施招致了许多强烈的反对.[10:06.07]Human rights organizations say that putting prisoners in chains[10:08.80]人权组织声称,把囚犯用铁链锁起来[10:11.53]is not only inhumane but also ineffective.[10:13.96]不公不人道,而且不起作用.[10:16.39]Alvin Bronstein,member of the Civil Liberties Union,[10:19.06]国民自由协会的成员阿尔文.布朗斯坦认为,[10:21.74]says that study after study has shown[10:23.92]多次研究表明[10:26.10]you cannot prevent people from committing crimesby punishment[10:31.07]or the threat of punishment:[10:32.89]通过惩罚或威胁智囊团不能阻止人们犯罪,[10:34.72]"What they will do is make prisoners more angry,more hostile,[10:37.40]"他们这样做的结果将是使犯人更恼怒,更有敌意.[10:40.08]so that when they get ut of prison,[10:41.82]因此当他们从监狱里出来时,[10:43.55]they will increase the level of their criminal behaviour."[10:45.83]就会犯更大大的罪行."[10:48.10]Civil liberties groups say that chaining people together[10:50.53]国民自由团体说,用铁链把人们锁在一起[10:52.96]doesn't solve the causes of crime,[10:54.94]解决不了犯罪的诱因,[10:56.93]such as poverty or disaffection within society.[10:59.20]如社会的贫穷或不满.[11:01.47]What it does is punish prisoners for the ills of society.[11:04.01]这样做就是因为社会的病态而惩罚罪犯.[11:06.54]They say the practice takes the United States back to the Middle Ages, [11:09.17]他们说这种行为会把美国带回中世纪,[11:11.79]and that it is a shame to American society.[11:13.97]这是美国社会的耻辱.[11:16.15]But that's not an argument likely to win favour[11:20.52]among many people in the Deep South of the United States.[11:22.84]但这种争论不大可能记得美国南方腹地人们的支持.[11:25.17]Alabama's experiment is to be widened to include more prisoners,[11:27.96]阿拉马州的实验(这种惩罚方式)将要被推广到更大多囚犯向上. [11:30.76]and other States,such as Arkansas and Arizona,[11:33.28]其他州,诸如阿肯钯州和亚利桑那州,[11:35.80]will very probably introduce their own chain gang schemes. [11:38.37]很可能要推行他们自己的为囚犯锁上铁链的计划.。
《大学英语自学教程》下册课后习题答案
《大学英语自学教程》下册课后习题答案第一单元Text AExercises for the TextI. 1.d 2.c 3.c 4.a 5.dII. 1.alternative 2.fundamental 3.accompany 4.implemen t 5.preccedent 6.attain 7.objectives 8.vary 9. multiple 10.isolateIII. 1.c 2.d 3.i 4.j 5.g 6.e 7.h 8.1 9.f 10.b IV. our ; helped ; form ; front; to; passed; it; same;V.1.Decision makers should be able to make the best guess at the guture.2.Some people think that everything managers do involves decision making.(or Some people think that everything managers do has something to do with decision making.)3.If there are no correct alternatives,there are no correct decisions to be made.4.Since different people have different ideas about the same problem,so the approaches to it vary from person to person.5.Decision makers usually hold the key to the business development of the company.V ocabulary ExercisesI .1.a.be organized /doc/ff8763194.html,anizational/doc/ff8763194.html,anization2.a.simple b.simplified c.simply d.simplification3.a.profit b.profitable c.profitability4.a.intention b.intended c.unintendedII. 1.preccdent 2.skilled 3.achievement 4.implement 5. optimal 6.goal 7.accomplish 8.accompanies 9.tendenc y10.ongoingIII.1.His friend accompanied him to a concert.2.He has argued her out of her decision.3.he owed his success in part to luck.4.According to his suggestion,the formalities have been much simplified.5.The broadcasting station predicts that it will turn cold tomorrow.6.Motion is defined as a change in position or place.Text BExercises for the TextI. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.T II.1.preparation; confidence 2.idea 3.unattractive indifference 4.hardworking; personality; interest 5.speechless 6.holidays; pay 7.clean; neat; conservative 8.the floor beside your chair 9.politely; naturally 10."I beg your pardon?" or "Could you pleaserepeat it?" etc.Vocabulary ExercisesI. 1.at a disadvantage 2.conservative 3.indifference 4.make sure 5.vague 6.clutched 7.turned down 8.to your advantage 9.neat 10.prospects 11.take the tuouble to 12.placeGrammar ExercisesI. 1.连词；让步状语从句。
大学英语自学教程(下册一)
王培民
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学习内容:
国际音标
词汇拼读、记忆、用法例句
课文翻译、难句解析、重点短语讲解
重点练习
作业
Digital
clock
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(1)目标；目的；目的地 词汇学习 Vocabularies Study: His goal is a is to Our objective place at organizational University. 。 achieve full /7C^Enai5zeiEnEl/ 组织 This company has achieved （上）的 employment. 我们的 all its goals this year. 。 目标是实现充分就业。 goal /gEul/ 1.目的，目标；2. 得 (2)（足球等的）球门：The 分进球，球门 注意：当目标讲时， He player shot the ball into is a man who will always objectivegoal 指短期的目标， 目标， /Eb5dVekti/ accomplished his goal. 他是一个 the opposite goal. 而objective 则强调长 目的；客观的，真实的；如实的，无偏 总能实现自己目标的人。 。 见的 期目标 accomplish /E5kCmpli/ 完成
4
tendency /5tendEnsi/ 趋势，倾 向【例句】(1) ~+with+sb+about/ove managerial r+n. 与某人争辩/争论某事 /7mAnE5dViEriEl/with her a He is always arguing 经理的； 管理上的；经营上的他总是和她争论这 bout the cases. 【例句】①The picture has attain /E5tein/ 达到，完成 些案件。（2）~+for/against+n. 为 attained to perfection. 这张画达到 optimal /5CptimEl/ 最适宜的，最 赞成/反对…….而辩论 They argue 了完美的程度。 理想的andid everything to attain a forHe increase in salary. 他们赞 ② suboptimization 成增加薪水。 position of power. 他所做的一切都 /sQb`CptImaIzeiEn/ 是为了获得权位。 局部最优化
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A crowd of people gathered spontaneously on the spot of the accident.
3．这次吵架是由误会引起的。
The quarrel originated from misunderstanding.
4．1949年后，军队接管了这个城市。
3．对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说会层出不穷。
The research into black holes is just beginning，and speculations about them are endless.
4．科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。
It is still impossible for scientists to say what happens inside a black hole.
Opponents argue that the patients do not really want to die，and that they might be asking for something else.
1．他们要求释放犯人。
They requested that the prisoners (should) be set free.
His company collapsed because of poor management.
3．80年代我国发射了多颗卫星。
Several satellites were launched in our country in the 1980's.
4．药物开始见效了吗？
Is the medicine operating now?
3．甲壳虫乐队是英国有名的摇滚乐队。
The Beetles were a famous rock group in England.
4．现代音乐很注意观众和听众的参与。
The modern music stresses the participation of the audience and listeners in the performance.
《大学英语自学教程》（下）课后练习例句汉译英（汉英对照）
1.决策者应该能够对将来做出最好的推测。
Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.
2.有人认为经理们所做的一切均与决策有关。
Some people suggest that all a manager does involves decisions.
5．近年来他的工作质量逐渐下降。
The quality of his work has been deteriorating in recent years.
6．水的污染使居民们容易得病。
The pollution of water makes residents vulnerable to diseases.♫
Astronomers have not yet fully answered the question of what a black hole is.
2．据说黑洞可以将周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。
It is believed that a black hole can swallow up any objects like stars near it.
5．如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。
Black holes would not be so intimidating if we have some idea of them.
1．黑洞产生很强的引力。
A black hole exerts a very strong force.
2．由于管理不善，他的公司跨台了。
1．处理有关事务的政府部门没有做统计。
The government department that deals with the matter concerned does not keep statistics.
2．正因为他无法养家才同意做家仆。
It was because she could not support her family that she accepted a job as a domestic.
5．电子扩音器使音乐变得有穿透力。
Electronic amplifiers made the music penetrating.
1．这一章是关于热能转化成动力的。
This chapter is on the transformation of heat energy into dynamic energy.
5．他的身影消失在黑暗中。
His figure was swallowed up in the dark.♫
1．安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。
Euthanasia can actually relieve dying people from their suffering.
2．你知不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许施行安乐死的国家。
5．电台预报明天天气会变冷。
The broadcast station predicted that it would be cold tomorrow.
6．运动的定义是位置或地方的改变。
Movement is defined as a change in position or place.♫
1．黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。
2．他已说服她改变决定。
He has argued her out of her decision.
3．在某种程度上，他的成功是由于幸运。
His success was due in part to luck.
4．按照他的建议，手续已经大大简化。
In accordance with his suggestion, the procedure has been greatly simplified.
4．在第一个医生诊断疾病之后，必须由另外一名医生确认病情。
After the first doctor has diagnosed the disease，the second doctor must confirm the diagnosis.
5．反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命，可能请求之后另有他求。
3．她是一名沙特外交官直接从菲律宾雇到伦敦来工作的。
She was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London.
4．家仆的工作状况得到了新闻媒体的关注。
The working conditions of the domestics have received media attention.
The order was executed very well.
3．这个项目值得进一步调查。
This program deserves (is deserving of) further investigation.
4．我们已将费用减至最低额。
We have reduced the expenses to the minimum.
5.决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。
Decision makers are usually the key to the business development of a company.
1．他由朋友陪同去听音乐会。
He was accompanied to the concert by his friend.
2．他的才能将保证他得到成功。
His talents will ensure his success.
3．他们正准备展开一场全国性争论。
They are planning a nationwide debate.
4．他对天气变化很敏感。
He is very sensitive to changes of weather.
The troops took over this city since 1949.
5．为了你的健康，你不该承担太繁重的工作。
You should not take on so much work for the sake of your health.♫
1．他很喜欢运动，他的孩子也喜欢。
He likes sports very much. So does his child.
Don't you know that the Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits the practice of euthanasia?
3．支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。
Doctors who are for this view do not mean that they do not care for patients.
3.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。
If there is no right choice there is no right decision to be made.
4.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。
Solutions vary because different people define the same problem in different terms.
9．如果早点告诉我，我也许能帮帮忙。
Had I been informed earlier，I would have been of help.