汉译英部分(全)

汉译英部分

第一课

等截面Constant cross section，单位面积上的力Unit area on the force杆件的横截面面积A cross-sectional area of the member横截面的形心Centroid of the cross section单位长伸长量Elongation per unit length相邻横截面Adjacent cross-section除非另有说明Unless otherwise noted

力的集度。即是单位面积上的力，称为应力The force set degrees, that is the force per unit area, known as stress

应力常用希腊字母@来表示Stress commonly used Greek letters @

单位长度的伸长量称为应变，常来以下公式确定Unit length of elongation is called strain, often to the following formula to determine

材料力学是应用力学的一个分支The materials mechanics is a branch of applied mechanics

材料力学讨论固体在承受各种荷载时的性能Of Material Mechanics Discussion solid performance under various loads

第二课

临界应力Critical stress欧拉公式Euler's formula比例极限Proportional limit强度极限Strength limit非弹性屈曲Inelastic buckling平均压应力Average compressive stress回转半径Radius of gyration许可应力Allowable stress

我们注意到临界应力的变化和柱子长细比的平方成反比We note that the critical stress changes and pillars slenderness ratio is inversely proportional to the square of

如果，柱子将由于弹性屈曲而失效，欧拉公式可以应用If, pillars elastic buckling failure.Euler's formula，

曲线ABC是根据公式2-1绘制的，被称为欧拉曲线Curve ABC is according to the formula 2-1 draw, is called the euler's curve

结构工程安全系数的典型值介于1.5和3这一范围内。The structural engineering typical value of the safety factor of between 1.5 and 3 within this range

第三课

温度差Temperature difference

补救措施Remedial measures

补安全度规范Complement safety norms，

雨水积聚Rainwater accumulation

概率密度函数Probability density function

概率曲线Probability curve

失效概率Probability of failure

分项安全系数Partial safety factors

结构必须具备抗破坏的安全度和实用时的实用性The structure must have anti undermine the security and practical usefulness

作用在结构上的荷载可分为三大类。Effect on the structure of the load can be divided into three categories.

像活荷载一样，某时刻的环境荷载无论大小还是分布都是不确定的 Like live load, a time of environmental load regardless of size or distribution is uncertain

规定值并不是平均值，而是表示期望的上限Specified value is not mean, but expects the upper limit

设计规范中合理的安全条款已经取得了很大进展。code of reasonable safety terms have been made great progress.

由此可看出，这个规定的使用荷载比作用在结构上的平均荷载大得多。This can be seen, the provisions of the use of load ratio effect on the structure of the average load much larger

第四课

风吸力Wind suction

风压力Wind pressure

四坡屋顶Hipped roof

建筑正立面Building façade

斜度在30的坡屋顶Gradient in 30 slope roof

低层建筑Low-rise building

风压力和吸力分别指的是空气的压力大于或者小于大气压力Wind pressure and suction means is the pressure of the air is greater than or less than atmospheric pressure

当屋顶的坡度大于约30°时，在屋顶的迎风面为压力，在屋顶的背风面为吸力When the roof slope is greater than about 30 °, the windward side of the roof of the pressure in the leeward side of the roof to the suction

雨棚下部受垂直升力的作用，该荷载与上部风荷载同时作用其上The canopy lower vertical lift, the load and the upper part of the wind loads acting simultaneously on.

第五章

结构的实用性Practicality of the structure

结构的耐久性The durability of the structure

裂缝宽度Crack width

长期挠度Long-term deflection

使用荷载Use load

在设计良好的钢筋混凝土梁中，裂缝须足够小，以防出现超过规范允许宽度的钢筋锈蚀Well-designed reinforced concrete beams, the cracks to be small enough to avoid a more than steel corrosion specification allows the width

为了控制裂缝，最好使用小直径而数量多的钢筋，而不是大直径而数量少的钢筋In order to control the crack, the best use of small diameter and number of reinforced, rather than the large diameter of the small number of reinforced.

一般，配置光圆钢筋的梁，其裂缝会表现的少宽，而配置适变形钢筋的梁，其裂缝数量多而宽度细微到几乎不可见。General configuration plain bars, beam, the crack will show less wide, and configure the appropriate deformed bars, beam, the number of crack width subtle almost invisible.

对深受弯构件，除受弯主钢筋外，需要在腹部两侧配置附加钢筋以防其表面裂缝宽度超限Deep flexural members, in addition to the main reinforcement of the bend by both sides of the abdomen configure additional reinforcement to prevent the surface crack width gauge

第六章