汉译英部分(全)

汉译英部分第一课等截面Constant cross section，单位面积上的力Unit area on the force杆件的横截面面积A cross-sectional area of the member横截面的形心Centroid of the cross section单位长伸长量Elongation per unit length相邻横截面Adjacent cross-section除非另有说明Unless otherwise noted力的集度。

即是单位面积上的力，称为应力The force set degrees, that is the force per unit area, known as stress应力常用希腊字母@来表示Stress commonly used Greek letters @单位长度的伸长量称为应变，常来以下公式确定Unit length of elongation is called strain, often to the following formula to determine材料力学是应用力学的一个分支The materials mechanics is a branch of applied mechanics材料力学讨论固体在承受各种荷载时的性能Of Material Mechanics Discussion solid performance under various loads第二课临界应力Critical stress欧拉公式Euler's formula比例极限Proportional limit强度极限Strength limit非弹性屈曲Inelastic buckling平均压应力Average compressive stress回转半径Radius of gyration许可应力Allowable stress我们注意到临界应力的变化和柱子长细比的平方成反比We note that the critical stress changes and pillars slenderness ratio is inversely proportional to the square of如果，柱子将由于弹性屈曲而失效，欧拉公式可以应用If, pillars elastic buckling failure.Euler's formula，曲线ABC是根据公式2-1绘制的，被称为欧拉曲线Curve ABC is according to the formula 2-1 draw, is called the euler's curve结构工程安全系数的典型值介于1.5和3这一范围内。

The structural engineering typical value of the safety factor of between 1.5 and 3 within this range第三课温度差Temperature difference补救措施Remedial measures补安全度规范Complement safety norms，雨水积聚Rainwater accumulation概率密度函数Probability density function概率曲线Probability curve失效概率Probability of failure分项安全系数Partial safety factors结构必须具备抗破坏的安全度和实用时的实用性The structure must have anti undermine the security and practical usefulness作用在结构上的荷载可分为三大类。

Effect on the structure of the load can be divided into three categories.像活荷载一样，某时刻的环境荷载无论大小还是分布都是不确定的 Like live load, a time of environmental load regardless of size or distribution is uncertain规定值并不是平均值，而是表示期望的上限Specified value is not mean, but expects the upper limit设计规范中合理的安全条款已经取得了很大进展。

code of reasonable safety terms have been made great progress.由此可看出，这个规定的使用荷载比作用在结构上的平均荷载大得多。

This can be seen, the provisions of the use of load ratio effect on the structure of the average load much larger第四课风吸力Wind suction风压力Wind pressure四坡屋顶Hipped roof建筑正立面Building façade斜度在30的坡屋顶Gradient in 30 slope roof低层建筑Low-rise building风压力和吸力分别指的是空气的压力大于或者小于大气压力Wind pressure and suction means is the pressure of the air is greater than or less than atmospheric pressure当屋顶的坡度大于约30°时，在屋顶的迎风面为压力，在屋顶的背风面为吸力When the roof slope is greater than about 30 °, the windward side of the roof of the pressure in the leeward side of the roof to the suction雨棚下部受垂直升力的作用，该荷载与上部风荷载同时作用其上The canopy lower vertical lift, the load and the upper part of the wind loads acting simultaneously on.第五章结构的实用性Practicality of the structure结构的耐久性The durability of the structure裂缝宽度Crack width长期挠度Long-term deflection使用荷载Use load在设计良好的钢筋混凝土梁中，裂缝须足够小，以防出现超过规范允许宽度的钢筋锈蚀Well-designed reinforced concrete beams, the cracks to be small enough to avoid a more than steel corrosion specification allows the width为了控制裂缝，最好使用小直径而数量多的钢筋，而不是大直径而数量少的钢筋In order to control the crack, the best use of small diameter and number of reinforced, rather than the large diameter of the small number of reinforced.一般，配置光圆钢筋的梁，其裂缝会表现的少宽，而配置适变形钢筋的梁，其裂缝数量多而宽度细微到几乎不可见。

General configuration plain bars, beam, the crack will show less wide, and configure the appropriate deformed bars, beam, the number of crack width subtle almost invisible.对深受弯构件，除受弯主钢筋外，需要在腹部两侧配置附加钢筋以防其表面裂缝宽度超限Deep flexural members, in addition to the main reinforcement of the bend by both sides of the abdomen configure additional reinforcement to prevent the surface crack width gauge第六章预制混凝土结构Precast concrete structure地震受灾区Quake-hit areas能量的吸收Energy absorption现浇结构Cast-in-place structure水平抗侧力构件Level of lateral force resisting members塑性铰Plastic hinge延性结构Ductility structur在经受地震的时候，连续结构往往表现良好When subjected to the earthquake, continuous structures tend to perform well结构抵抗地震的能力很大程度上取决于他吸收能量的能力The structure's ability to withstand an earthquake depends largely on his ability to absorb energy预制混凝土结构，由于其节点缺乏连续性，不适用于地震区Precast concrete structure, due to the lack of continuity of its nodes, and does not apply to the earthquake zone作为其特色，抗震结构往往拥有楼板或者屋面作为刚性隔板，以将内心传递到水平抗侧力构件上Seismic structure often has as its characteristics, the floor or roof as a rigid diaphragm, to pass the heart to the level of the lateral force resisting members on第七章冲击荷载Impact load软钢，低碳钢Mild steel, low carbon steel冷拉Cold Drawn粘土砖Clay brick收缩Shrink钢结构的设计主要基于钢材的强度，但是钢材的延性，韧性及及可焊性也是重要的特性。