现在分词作状语

分词短语V-ing 形式与V-ed形式作状语用法比较

一、V-ing 形式与V-ed形式是非谓语动词的一种，在句法功能上主要起形容词或副词作用，在句中可作除谓语之外的所有成份。其中最难的一种是作状语的用法，相当于副词用法，用句子结构中，V-ing 形式与V-ed形式可以表时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式、让步等。

例句：

1、Walking in the street, he met an old friend.

2、Having a lot of things to do, I can’t go swimming with you.

3、Turning right and covering another two blocks, you will get to your destination.

4、He came here, running and singing.

5、Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things

that are environmentally friendly.

6、Seen from the top of the hill ,the city looked like a big garden.

7、Deeply moved by the story ,the excited people stopped quarrelling with each

other.

8、Given another chance ,he will do better.

9、Laughed at by many people ,he continued his study.

二、V-ing 形式与V-ed形式结构及用法(三原则)

1)：逻辑主语一致原则。V-ing 形式与V-ed形式首先遵循逻辑主语一致的规律，

即主、从句共主语

2)、且看构成主主谓还是动宾的原则。

如果逻辑主语与谓语动词构成主动关系，使用V-ing 形式；

如果逻辑主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，使用V-ed形式

3)、且看有没有时间先后的原则

四种情况：

1、没有时间先后，如果构成的是主动关系：则使用V-ing的一般式

2、有时间先后，如果构成的是主动关系：则使用having done的形式。

3、没有时间先后，如果构成的是被动关系：则使用V-ed形式的一般式

4、有时间先后，如果构成的是被动关系：则使用having been done的形式。

注意：

V-ing 形式与V-ed形式的否定式是在分词前面加not.

三、练习讲解

1、he sat there, what to do.(not know)

2、by him, we worked even harder.(inspire)

3、carefully to you two, I am surprised that you agree with each other.(listen)

4、of danger in the street at night ,she had to go home, with a friend following her.(warn)

5 Lily, where to find the magazine, asked her mother where the magazine was.

A not to know

B never to know

C with no knowledge

D not knowing

6 Tom left , a lot of trouble to the project.

A caused

B having left

C to cause

D to have caused

7 many times, he finally understood it .

A Told

B Telling

C Having told

D Having been told

8 by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.

A Being encouraged

B Encouraged

C Encouraging

D Having encouraged

四，测试

1, at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.(10北京)

A Looking

B Look

C To look

D Looked

2,Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress , finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (

A Struggling

B struggled

C having struggled

D to struggle

3, Generally speaking, if according to the instructions, the electric-bike is not as dangerous as reported.

A riding

B ridden

C to ride

D to be ridden

4, The twenty-storey building , when ,will be the highest one in this town

A completed

B completing

C being completed

D to be completed

5 He had a wonderful childhood, with his mother to all corners of the world.

A travel

B to travel

C traveled

D traveling

6 Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to YUshu ,Qinghai Province after the earthquake.

A sending

B to send

C having sent

D to have sent

7, the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.

A Approaching

B Approached

C To approach

D To be approached 8, at the observation window, I can enjoy a bird-eye view of the city.

A Seated

B Seating

C To seat

D Seat

五，作业