逻辑关系词总结

特殊定位词：大写、数字、特殊符号、长相怪异的词（吸引眼球）

普通定位词：不易变、同义少；n.（实义、身份、学科）>v.（be/become）>adj./adv. *抽象词汇概括性强，较少用

逻辑关系词：并列/递进、因果/目的、转折/对比、比较、否定

同义替换：对原文精确改写

1.含义对应：

同义词/同义的短语

词性转换

上下义词替换

对原文的归纳总结

2. 结构对应：并列/递进、因果/目的、转折/对比、比较、否定

一、并列和递进

并列：and, as well as, or, nor, also, too, either...or, neither...nor

递进：moreover, furthermore, in addition to, additionally, not only…but also

顺序：one, another / first, second.../ first, then...

1.并列无重点，并列的双方地位平等

2.并列前后结构对称，感情色彩一致，通常含义相似

二、对比和转折

但是，然而：however, but, nevertheless, yet, while(句中), nonetheless

虽然：while（句首）, whereas, although, instead, despite, in spite of

对比：on the contrary, instead/instead of, on the other hand, in contrast with, by contrast, conversly

1.转折前后含义相反，前面肯定后面则否定，前面否定后面则肯定

2.转折关系有时候也可以推出否定关系

3.转折以后是作者要表达的重点，多数答案在转折以后出现

三、原因-结果

因为、由于：because, as, since, as a result of, due to, given, result from, originate from, stem from, spring from, derive from, owing to, given that

所以，因此：so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently, as a consequence

导致：cause, lead to, result in,contribute to, induce to, cause, so...that, give rise to, be responsible for

影响：effect, impact, influence, affect

原因、因素：reason, factor

B为原因：link A to B和associate A with B

生产类词表示微弱因果关系：produce, make, generate, breed

与趋势词相似的：develop, promote, improve, boost; accelerate; facilitate; encourage 其他：cue, trigger, ignite

目的：不定式to/in order to, aim to, focus on, so that

四、否定

N系列：no, not, never, none, neither, nor, nothing, nobody

几乎不：little, few, hardly, scarely, seldom

与out有关的：without / out of / out of the question=impossible

词缀：im-, in-, un-, dis-, -less, anti-, il-, ir-

动词：deny, lack, ignore, refute, resist, reject, refuse, miss, avoid, prevent, eliminate, get around, refrain from, fail

其他：too...太（表示不合适）, rather than

五、比较

比较级

as...as...

not as(so) as

the same as

be similar to

equal to

equally+adj.

...than...

time/fold倍数

像，相似：similar, like, resemble, compare A to B, liken A to b

最高级：extreme, limit, maximum, minimum

上下趋势的词：

上升：grow, rise, increase, climb, build up, ascend, lift, enlarge

下降：decline, decrease, drop, descend, fall

发展变化的词：

变好：develop, promote, advance, progress, improve, boost; accelerate; facilitate; encourage, evolve

中性的变化：change, shift, modify

变差，变少：diminish, deteriorate, erode, worsen, exacerbate, cut down, lessen

列举两组以上数据进行比较