暨南大学微观经济学复习提纲(整理版)

Outline for Reviewing Microeconomics

Outline for Reviewing

1. Definition of Term（6×5，30 points）

微经基础

supply curve 供应曲线

RB: relationship between ... and ...

the quantity of a good that producer are willing to sell

the price of the good

demand curve 需求曲线

RB

the quantity of a good that consumers are willing to buy

the price of the good

cross-price elasticity of demand 交叉价格的需求弹性

percentage change in the quantity demand of one good resulting from a 1-percent increase in the price of another.

消费者行为

complements 互补品

two goods for which an increasing in the price of one leads a decrease in the quantity demand of the other.

consumer surplus 消费者剩余

difference between what a customer willing to pay for a good and the amount actually paid. producer surplus 生产者剩余（生产者行为）

sum over all units produced by a firm of differences between the market price of a good and the marginal cost of production.

budget Line 预算线

all combinations of goods for which the total amount of money spent is equal to income

price elasticity of demand 价格的需求弹性

percentage change in quantity demand of a good resulting from a 1-percent in its price.

engel curve 恩格尔曲线

RB

the quantity of a good consumed

income

indifference curve 无差异曲线

CT:

all combinations of market basket that provide a consumer with the same level of satisfaction. marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率

maximum amount of a good that a consumer is willing to give up in order to obtain one additional unit of another good.

marginal rate of technical substitution 边际生产替代率（生产者行为）

amount by which the quantity of one input can be reduced when one extra unit of another input is used, so that output remains constant.

diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减

principle that as more of a good is consumed, the consumption of additional amounts will yield smaller additions to utility

marginal benefit 边际收益

benefit form consumption of one additional unit of a good.

marginal utility 边际效用

additional satisfaction obtained from consuning one additional unit of a good

生产者行为

isocost line 等成本线

CT：

graph showing all possible combinations of labor and capital that can be purchased for a given total cost.

isoquant 等产量线

CT：

curve showing all possible combinations of input that yield the same output.

sunk cost 沉淀成本

expenditure that has been made and cannot be recovered.

opportunity cost 机会成本

cost associated with opportunities that are forgone when a firm’s resources are not put to their best alternative use.

variable cost 可变成本

cost that varies as output varies.

fixed cost 不变成本

cost that does not very with the level of output and can be eliminated only by shutting down. production possibilities frontier 生产边界

curve showing the combinations of two goods that can be produced with fixed quantities of inputs. marginal cost 边际成本

cost of one additional unit of a good.