外研版小学英语语法总复习

小学英语语法总复习

一、时态

1．一般现在时

（1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有时，always总是,”等词。

（2）基本结构：

(3) 动词第三人称单数形式（同名词单数变成复数方法相同）

2．现在进行时

（1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now现在, look看，listen听”.

（2）基本形式： be + 动词ing

eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

What are you doing?

Is he reading?

（3）动词的现在分词形式（动词+ing）

3. 一般过去时

（1）表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last …上一个…, just now刚才, a moment ago刚才， yesterday昨天”等词。

（2）be 动词的过去式: am/is—was；are—were

（3）过去式基本结构

（4）词过去式的变化：

规则动词的变化：

不规则动词的变化：

原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式

sweep swept teach taught have had go went

keep kept think thought do did find found

sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said

feel felt drink drank is/am was take took

read read give gave are were mean meant

put put sing sang drive drove meet met

cut cut begin began speak spoke make made

let let ring rang write wrote see saw

fly flew run ran ride rode come came

draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told

grow grew learn learned/

learnt

get got know knew

4．一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连用。

结构：be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形

例如：I’m going to visit my grandpa next week.

二、人称代词

（注：介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。）

三、可数名词的复数形式

1.一般名词： + s a book –books

2.辅音字母加y结尾： - y+ ies a story—stories

3.以s, x，sh, ch ，结尾： + es a glass—glasses；a watch-watches

4.以f或fe结尾： - f 或fe变为ves a knife –knives；a shelf-shelves

5.特殊的名词复数

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth

fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)

bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee

五、缩略形式

I’m = I am, you’re = you are, she’s = she is, he’s = he is /he has(got) it’s = it is, who’s =who is, can’t =can not, isn’t=is not, didn’t=did not,

weren’t=were not, wasn’t=was not, let’s=let us, I’ll=I will

六、a. an .the的用法

1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a book, a peach， a “U”

单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg， an hour，an “F”

要注意的：球类前面不加the，乐器前面要加the，序数词前面要加the。

七、介词

1．表示方位：on, in, in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind, under

2．表示时间：

（1） at: 几点前面用at如：at six o’clock, 没有day的节日前用at如：at Christmas, 固定词组 at the weekends ，at night

（2）on: 星期前用on 如：on Monday ，日期前用on 如：on the 15th of July 带有Day的节日前用on 如： on National Day

（3）in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用in： in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening,月份前用in, 如in December, 季节前用in, 如 winter

八、基数词变成序数词的方法

1. 直接在基数词词尾加上th。如：seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三，

2.以y结尾的基数词，变y为i，再加上eth。如：twentieth 第二十。

3.不规则的。如：first 第一, second 第二, third 第三, fifth 第五, eighth 第八, ninth 第九, twelfth 第十二。

4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first 第二十一。

九、some /any的用法

1.肯定句中用some：I have some toys in my bedroom.

2.问句和否定句中用any：Do you have any brothers or sisters?

He hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.

3.询问想要什么时用some：Would you like some juice?

Can I have some stamps?

十、 there be结构

1.肯定句（有…）： There is +单数或不可数名词

There are +复数

注：遵循就近原则，看靠there be最近的

2.一般疑问句（有…吗？）:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

3.否定句（没有）：There isn’t …. There aren’t….