英语连读 同化 浊化 失去爆破
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辅音分类:
爆破音:[p][t][k] [b][d][g]
摩擦音:[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [ð] [3] [∫] [r]
破擦音:[tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [t∫] [t3]
鼻辅音:[m] [n] [ŋ]
一、失去爆破
6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/
失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。
(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型
6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2个相临,或者跟鼻音时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。
The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t )now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩擦音(如[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [ð] [3] [∫] [r]或者破擦音[tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [t∫] [d3] 或者鼻音[m] [n] [ŋ] 等),那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破。
Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.
Goo(d) morning, dear.
Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema.
I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night.
-Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know.
The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.
Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao.
二、音的同化
音的同化也是一种连读的现象,两个词之间非常平滑的过渡,导致一个音受相邻音影响而变化成第三个音。主要是以下三种方式:
1、辅音[d]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[dэ]:Would you need you could you find you
2、辅音[t]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[t∫]:Can’t you got you want you
3、辅音[s]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[∫]:Miss you
三、失音
由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象,摩擦音也会被失去,所以统称为失音。
注意:
爆破音并不是完全失去,仍然形成阻碍,把气流堵在里面,但不爆破,直接发出相邻的辅音。
规则:
1、辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦音等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。当前面单词结尾的辅音和后面单词开头的辅音相同时,只需读后面一个
a bad desk good day sad dog like candy deep pond take care
black coffee book case more rain part time job at two police station
hot tea ripe pear big game big grape big gate bus station
2、“辅音+辅音”型,当两个辅音连在一起时,可以弱读一个,即失去爆破
爆破音:/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/
Red coat Black bike Big bus Factory
What time Old picture Big car Old doctor Hot tea
Black coffee cold day good day big garden Cheap book good book
四、音的浊化
1、[S] 后面的清辅音要浊化
Discussion:[k] 浊化成[g] sk=sg 如:skill ski skid
Stand:[t] 浊化成[d] st=sd 如:still standard structure
Expression:[p]浊化成[b] sp=sb 如:sport spring spill
2、美音中:[t] 在单词的中间被浊化成[d]
如:
writer,听起来和rider 的发音几乎没有区别
letter—ladder
out of
美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事,习惯清音浊化,尤其是[t]在单词的中间一定会浊化成[d],但英国人发音不会这样,这也是英音和美音的一大区别。了解这一浊化