2016四川大学考博真题文献学
2016年四川大学649考古学通论考研真题(回忆版)及详解(含部分答案)【圣才出品】
2016年四川大学649考古学通论考研真题(回忆版)及详解(含部分答案)【圣才出品】2016年四川大学649考古学通论考研真题(回忆版)及详解(含部分答案)一、名词解释1.良渚文化答:良渚文化是一支分布在中国东南地区太湖流域的新石器文化类型。
良渚文化的代表遗址是良渚遗址,位于杭州城北18公里处余杭区良渚镇,距今约5300~4500年,出土的文物主要有陶器和玉器,陶器以夹灰砂的灰黑陶和泥质灰胎黑皮陶为主,轮制较普遍,圈足器和三足器较为盛行;玉器包含璧、琮、钺、璜、冠形器、玉镯、玉管、玉珠等,琮、璧一类玉器之多,为同时期其他文化所罕见。
出土的农具也反映了当时的生产力一定程度上的先进性。
总之,良渚文化不仅反映了当时的文化程度,而且也是证明我国具有五千年文明的有力证据。
2.武官大墓答:武官大墓是在安阳殷墟中已发掘的墓葬中规模最大的一座墓。
此墓面积340平方米,容积1615立方米,1950年进行科学发掘。
这是一座“中”字形墓,墓室南北长14米,东西宽12米,深7.2米。
南北各有一条墓道,南墓道长15.6米,宽6.1米;北墓道长15米,宽5.2米。
大墓早年几经盗掘,但仍残留不少器物,出土的主要有石器、骨器、铜器,最宝贵的一件是虎纹大石磬。
此墓有人和动物殉葬,出土有遗骨100多件,据有关专家认定它是属于殷墟文化二期偏晚阶段。
3.明定陵答:明定陵是明朝第十三位皇帝及其妻妾孝端皇后、孝靖皇后的合葬陵。
定陵在万历皇帝继位不久开始建造,前后历时六年,至万历皇帝死使用,期间闲置整整30年。
定陵的总体布局是前方后圆之形,含有古代中国哲学观念“天圆地方”的象征意义,其外围是一道外罗墙,将宝城及宝城前方院包围在内,宝城前方院共三进,第一进院落前设单檐歇山顶式陵门,第二进院落前墙设祾恩门,第三进院落前墙间建有陵园最主要的殿宇——祾恩殿。
地面上的建筑多次毁于战火,尽管有重修,但规模已经缩小了很多,最后面的宝城于1956年开始发掘,地下宫殿发掘后出土了各类器物3000件,对研究明代历史具有一定的价值。
四川大学华西医学院眼科学2016年考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
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四川大学华西医学院
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:眼科学 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释(5*5分=25分) 1. ICE 2. ansiometropia 3. BKC 4. 颈动脉海绵窦漏 5. 囊袋收缩综合征
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二、问答题(5*15分=75分) 1. 青光眼视神经损伤机制,种类,研究进展。 2. 角膜移植的供体来源,适应症。 3. 维持正常双眼视觉的条件及斜视后的病理改变。 4. 甲状腺相关眼病的临床特征和治疗原则。 5. CNV的常见病因目前主要的治疗方法,从发病机制探讨未来的治疗趋势。
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四川大学考博B中国文学典籍真题与答案
四川大学2005年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题B考试科目:中国文学典籍科目代码:205选用专业:文艺学、语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、比较文学与世界文学、文艺与传媒、文化批评、文学人类学、佛教语言文学、广播影视文艺学一.填空(每题2分,共10分)1.请写出《尔雅》各篇篇名:。
释诂,释言,释训,释亲,释宫,释器,释乐,释天,释地,释丘,释山,释水,释草,释木,释虫,释鱼,释鸟,释兽,释畜。
2.请写出《文心雕龙》的十篇篇名:。
原道第一,征圣第二,宗经第三,正纬第四,辨骚第五,明诗第六,乐府第七,诠赋第八,颂赞第九,祝盟第十,序志第五十。
3.请写出《十三经》各经经名:。
《易经》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》、《春秋左传》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋谷粱传》、《论语》、《孝经》、《尔雅》、《孟子》十三部儒家的经典4.请写出《二十五史》各史书名:。
二十五史是中国历代官修的二十五部纪传体史书的总称。
它包括《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》、《晋书》、《宋书》、《南齐书》、《梁书》、《陈书》、《魏书》、《北齐书》、《周书》、《隋书》、《南史》、《北史》、《旧唐书》、《新唐书》、《旧五代史》、《新五代史》、《宋史》、《辽史》、《金史》、《元史》、《明史》、《清史稿》等二十五部史书。
它上起传说中的黄帝(前2550年),止于清朝宣统四年(1912年),用本纪、列传、表、志等统一的体裁的编写。
二十五史之中,除第一部《史记》是通史之外,其余皆为断代史。
5.《庄子》共多少篇_?其中内篇是哪七篇。
33;《庄子·内篇·逍遥游第一》,《庄子·内篇·齐物论第二》,《庄子·内篇·养生主第三》,《庄子·内篇·人间世第四》,《庄子·内篇·德充符第五》,《庄子·内篇·大宗师第六》,《庄子·内篇·应帝王第七》。
四川大学博中国文学典籍真题
四川大学2012年考博中国文学典籍真题回忆版一、填空,十三经注疏注者和疏者(每题2分,共10分)1、《周易正义》,魏晋,唐疏。
2、《礼记正义》,汉注,唐疏。
3、《春秋左氏传正义》,晋注,唐疏。
4、《毛诗正义》,汉注,汉笺,唐疏。
5、《孝经》,唐注,宋疏。
二、名词解释(共十个,其他忘了,每个2分)尔雅、小雅、摄提贞于孟陬、质而含章、获麟、三坟五典、三、标点《礼记》大同篇四、翻译成现代汉语《大雅﹒生民》五、解释《周易》乾卦卦辞,并进行解说。
乾,元亨利贞九二:见龙在田,利见大人。
九三:君子终日乾乾,夕惕若,厉,无咎。
九四:或跃在渊,无咎。
九五:飞龙在天,利见大人。
上九:亢龙有悔。
用九:见群龙无首,吉。
六、结合具体文学作品论证下面一段话。
故论其典诰则如彼,语其夸诞则如此。
固知楚辞者,体慢于三代,而风雅于战国,乃雅颂之博徒,而词赋之英杰也。
观其骨鲠所树,肌肤所附,虽取镕经意,亦自铸伟辞。
故骚经九章,朗丽以哀志;九歌九辩,绮靡以伤情;远游天问,瑰诡而惠巧;招魂招隐,耀艳而深华;卜居标放言之致,渔父寄独往之才。
故能气往轹古,辞来切今,惊采绝艳,难与并能矣。
自九怀以下,遽蹑其迹,而屈宋逸步,莫之能追。
故其叙情怨,则郁伊而易感;述离居,则怆怏而难怀;论山水,则循声而得貌;言节候,则披文而见时。
是以枚贾追风以入丽,马扬沿波而得奇,其衣被词人,非一代也。
故才高者菀其鸿裁,中巧者猎其艳辞,吟讽者衔其山川,童蒙者拾其香草。
若能凭轼以倚雅颂,悬辔以驭楚篇,酌奇而不失其贞,玩华而不坠其实,则顾盼可以驱辞力,欬唾可以穷文致,亦不复乞灵于长卿,假宠于子渊矣。
(出自《文心雕龙·辨骚第五》)四川大学考博中国文学典籍四川大学2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题一,写出下列成语出自哪部典籍(每小题0.5分,共5分)、1,缘木求鱼2,巧言令色3,温故知新4,大器晚成5,越俎代庖6,朝三暮四7,半途而废8,和光同尘9,心宽体胖10,项庄舞剑二,将下列文具补充完整。
四川大学华西医学院眼科学2016年考博真题试卷
3.BKC
4.颈动脉海绵窦漏
5.囊袋收缩综合征
二、问答题(5*15分=75分)
1.青光眼视神经损伤机制,种类,研究进展。
2.角膜移植的供体来源,适应症。
3.维持正常双眼视觉的条件及斜视后的病理改变。
4.甲状腺相关眼病的临床特征和治疗原则。
V的常见病因目前主要的治疗方法,从发病学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医学院
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:眼科学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释(5*5分=25分)
1.ICE
四川大学博士入学考试试题汇总
目录四川大学华西医学部博士入学考试口腔内科试题 (2)2004年 (2)四川大学华西医学部病理学博士入学考试试题 (2)2006年 (2)四川大学华西医学部骨科专业博士入学考试试题 (3)2004年 (3)2004年 (4)四川大学华西医学部博士入学考试口腔内科试题2004年1.牙髓牙本质复合体2.根尖基点3.牙龈素4.副肿瘤性天疱疮5.显著性龋均指数1.牙菌斑是如何致龋的2.根管治疗的进展3.控制牙菌斑对牙周炎治疗的意义及控制方法4.复发性口疮为什么可以用免疫抑制剂,也可以用免疫增强剂,举例说明5.根据自己的知识讲述中国口腔疾病的现状,并提出防治策略及方法四川大学华西医学部病理学博士入学考试试题2006年四川大学华西医学部骨科专业博士入学考试试题2004年一、名词解释:(每题2分)Tissue engineeringColles’ fractureBone-fascia compartment syndromeGaleazzi’s fractureThomas sign二、问答题:⒈上下肢骨传导音的检查方法及意义?⒉股骨头血供的特点及其对股骨颈骨折的临床治疗、预后的指导意义?⒊脊柱“三柱”理论的原理及其对脊柱骨折治疗的指导意义?请简述脊柱骨折治疗的基本原则?⒋人工髋关节置换术后骨溶解的病理生理及临床表现?目前有效的治疗方法?⒌骨关节结核与慢性骨关节化脓性感染的异同?请简述两者治疗方法的特点?⒍病案分析男性,30岁,伤后8小时入院,双下肢活动障碍,双骶髂关节部肿胀疼痛。
X 光片下示耻骨联合分离3Cm,双侧骶髂关节脱位,骶骨骨折。
请给出治疗方案并说明理由。
四川大学华西医学部局解(骨科专业基础)博士入学考试试题2004年每题10分,选做100分⒈脊椎骨间的主要连接?⒉股鞘的结构与内容?⒊阑尾的常见位置,怎样寻找阑尾?⒋腹股沟管的构成?⒌甲状腺的位置、毗邻、甲状腺血管与神经的关系?⒍胸膜腔的体表投影?⒎子宫的位置及毗邻?⒏直肠的形态和毗邻?⒐心脏的血供?⒑肝外胆管的组成及毗邻?⒒后纵隔的结构及排列关系?⒓肾脏的位置与毗邻?⒔会阴中心体的构成及作用?⒕女性乳房的结构特点及主要淋巴引流?。
四川大学华西医学院病理生理学2016年考博真题考博试卷
攻 读 博 士 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷
医学考博真题试卷
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四川大学华西医院
2016 年攻读博士学位研究生入学Байду номын сангаас试试题
考试科目:病理生理学 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、填空题 1.局部水肿的机制 2.发热与过热的根本区别 3.DIC 的病生基础 4.休克的病生基础 5.pH 在正常范围的可能 二、名词解释 超极化阻滞 静脉血掺杂 高动力循环状态 阴离子间隙 亚健康 热休克蛋白 黄疸 肾性骨病 内生性致热源 微血管病性溶血性贫血 三、问答题 1.根据肝性脑病发病机制制定肝性脑病防治原则。 2.什么是钙超载?钙超载在缺血再灌注损伤中的机制。 3.怎样理解休克晚期难治性? 4.ARDS 的机制。 5.应激时交感肾上腺髓质兴奋表现及生理意义。
四川大学2016独家真题
四川大学2016年博士研究生英语入学考试试题考生请注意:1.本试题共5大题,共11页,请考生注意检杏.考试时间为180分钟2. 1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处,否则不给分。
3.翻译和作文题答在答题纸上,答在试题上不给分。
书写要求字迹消楚、工整。
I. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhen a person begins a mediatedor immediate encounter, he already stands in some kind of social relationship to the others concerned, and expects to stand in a given relationship to them after the particular encounter ends. This, of course, is one of the ways in which social contacts are geared into the wider society. Much of the activity occurring during an encounter can be understood as an effort on everyone’s part to get through the occasion and all the unanticipated and unintentional events that can cast participants in an undesirable light, without disrupting the relationships of the participants. And if relationships are in the process of change,the object will be to bring the encounter to a satisfactory close without altering the expected course of development. The perspective nicely accounts, for example, for the little ceremonies of greeting and farewell which occur when people begin a conversational encounter or depart from one. Greetings provide a way of showing that a relationship is still what it was at the termination of the previous co-participation, and, typically, that this relationship involves sufficient suppression of hostility for the participants temporarily to drop their guards and talk. Farewells sum up the effect of the encounter upon the relationship and show what the participants may expect of one another when they next meet. The enthusiasm of greetings compensates for the weakening of the relationship caused by the absence just terminated, while the enthusiasm of farewells compensates the relationship for the harm that is about to be done to it by separation.It seems to be a characteristic obligation of many social relationships that each of the members guarantees to support a given face for the other members in given situations. To prevent disruption of these relationships, it is therefore necessarily for each member to avoid destroying the others’ face. At the same time, it is often the person’s social relationship with others that leads him to participate in certain encounters with them, where incidentally he will be dependent upon them for supporting his face. Furthermore, in many relationships, the members come to share a face, so that in the presence of third parties an improper act on the part of one member becomes a source of acute embarrassment to the other members. A social relationship, then, can be seen as a way in which the person is more than ordinarily forced to trust his self-image and face to the tact and good conduct of others.1 .The last word of the first sentence, nam ely “ends' is most likely B .[A] a noun, meaning “purposes” or “objectives”[B] a verb, meaning “comes to a finish”[C] a postpositional adjective, me aning “finishing”[D] an adjective, meaning “purposeful”2. According to the author, if any unexpected difficulties occur in a social contact,B .[A] the relationships between the participants break up[B] those who participate will be in an unintentional event[C] all participants would try to maintain their relationships|D] the participants will certainly get through an activity3. Which of the following is NOT an idea of the author? C[A] The participants hope their relationship would be the same as they met last.[B] Greetings are just as important as farewells in a social encounter.[C] Before every greeting there is always sufficient hostility to suppress.[D] If their relationship changes, the participants want it to change as they hoped.4. The last sentence of the second paragraph means that . A[A] one’s self-image is dependent on how others behave[B] face and self-image are two different kinds of relationships[C] social relationship is something that is forced on all participants[D] to get along well with others is a process of giving each other face5. The best title for this passage may well be . A[A] Face and Social Relationship [B] How to Conduct Socially[C] Greetings and Farewells [D] Conversational SociologyPassage Two(Tips:出现人名字的地方用笔圈出来,数字用笔圈出来)The poet William Blake wrote in the early nineteenth century: “Great things are done when men and mountains meet.”Great things indeed were done on Mount Everest in May of 1996. Also poignant things, foolish things, deadly things:Hundreds of climbers from eleven different expeditions were on the mountain ---- thirty-one near the summit ---- when a freakish and fierce-some storm blew in. Eight climbers perished, the highest one-day death toll since the first expedition tried to reach the top of the world’s tallest peak in 1921.Adventurers have always sought challenges: deeper jungles, wider oceans, newer worlds. But mountains have been special. Perhaps it’s their size, the ir power, their resistance to conquest. InPatrick Mey ers’s play K2, a marooned climber on the Himalaya peak that gives the play its name delivers this li ne: “Mountains are metaphors.” And so they are. Climbers search not just for summits but also for themselves. They reach up to reach in.That helps explain why Everest has been enveloped by “Mountain Madness,”the name of a Seattle company that offers guided tours of the peak for about $65,000 (plus airfare to Nepal). New technology and equipment have also helped: lighter gear, warmer clothing, better radios and telephones. And the adventure can be shared, practically in real time, with Internet browsers around the world.But the community of high-mountain explorers now is gripped by soul-searching and second-guessing. Everest, after all, is not a theme peak. Some of the dead were experienced guides who lost their lives trying to save less agile amateurs. Said Mark Bryant, editor of Outside Magazines:“Some of us have been asking: Is it right that an average climber can order an ascent of Everest out of a catalog?” An Australian mountaineer, Tim McCartney-Snape, told the Associated Press: “Some things should remain sacred, and Everest is one of them. Even the strongest and toughest have found it can be extremely difficult just existing at that altitude, without other people depending on you.On Everest, dependency can lead to heroism and to tragedy. One frostbitten amateur, Seaborne Weathers of Dallas, was plucked from a rocky ledge at 22,000 feet by a Nepalese army helicopter — an act of incredible bravery. And Rob Hall, a guide who had climbed Everest several times, stayed on its slope with a dying customer. After learning they were hopelessly trapped, Hall managed to place a satellite telephone call to his pregnant wife, Jan, in New Zealand. “Hey, look,” he told her, “don’t worry about me.” At that moment, Hall remembered Harold, the character in K2 who muses: “Understanding has no meaning. Holding on, just holding on, that has meaning. Like Harold, he knew the mountain was still a mountain. Still a goal. Still a dream. And he couldn’t hold on. Rob Hall died before rescuers could reach him.6. Which of the following statements best describes the author’s point of view?[A] Amateurs should not be encouraged to climb Mount Everest.[B] Guided tours of Mount Everest have become a source of enormous profits.[C] In the past, Mount Everest has made heroes out of ordinary men and women.[D] Mount Everest should remain a metaphor to be talked about.7. The sentence “They reach up to reach in”may be best paraphrased by “”[A] To know the inherent meaning of a mountain, one needs to climb up to the top[B] In conquering the mountain, one finds a proof of oneself[C] Mountaineers must climb upward in order to climb inside it[D] One needs to climb up to the top to see why a mountain is metaphorical8. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT .[A] Mountain climbing can have a live report simultaneously[B] Mountaineers can be located instantly during their climbing[C] New technology significantly reduces risks and dangers in mountain climbing {D} It is more dangerous to have someone depending on you during mountain climbing9. In the last paragraph,Harold’s saying “Understanding has no meaning” means.[A] determination is more vital than thinking[B] persistence and action require reasoning[C] one should avoid misunderstanding the situation[D] it is meaningless to think in mountaineering10. Most likely, the author of this passage is .. [A] a historian[B] a mountaineer[C] a tourist guide [D] a reporterPassage 3The Hertz Corporation, the U.S. Air Force, Hyatt Hotels Corporation, the City of Dallas, and the Neiman-Marcus Group, Inc., have one thing in common----all have purchased the services of Feedback Plus. Feedback Plus is an agency that dispatches profe ssional shoppers who pose as customers. These “mystery” shoppers visit the client’s business, purchase products or services and report back to the client on the quality of service they receive. The City of Dallas hired Feedback Plus to see how car-pound employees treat citizens picking up their cars. The Air Force is using professional shoppers to assess customer service at their on-base supply stores. Banks, hospitals, and public utilities are also hiring mystery shoppers. Vickie Henry, chief executive of Feedback Plus, notes that many similar firms compete for client’s business, and service really differentiates one firm from another. Although Henry has a database of 8,800 people who serve as professional shoppers, she sometimes assumes the role of mystery shopper herself. During a recent visit to an upscale women's apparel store, she observed the type of customer service most companies attempt to avoid. None of the many salespeople on the sales floor said hello when she entered the store. When she removed a skirt from a clothing rack, none of the salespeople approached her. Finally, several minutes after entering the store, Henry approached a salesperson and asked to use the dressing room. Needless to say, service at this firm did not receive high marks from Feedback Plus.As organizations experience increased competition for clients, patients, and customers, awareness of the importance of public contact increases. They are giving new attention to the old adage “First impressions are lasting impressions.” Re search indicates that initial impressions do indeed tend to linger. Therefore, a positive first impression can set the stage for a long-term relationship.We are indebted to Susan Bixler, president of Professional Image, Inc., and author of Professional Presence, for giving us a better understanding of what it means to possess professional presence. Professional presence is a dynamic blend of poise, self-confidence, control and style that empowers us to be able to command respect in any situation. Once acquired, it permits us to be perceived as self-assured and thoroughly competent. We project a confidence that others can quickly perceive the first time they meet us.Bixler points out that, in most cases, the credentials we present during a job interview or when we are being considered for a promotion are not very different from those of other persons being considered, [t is oar professional presence that permits us to rise above the crowd. Debra Benton, a career consultant, says, “Any boss with a choice of two people with equal qualifications will choose the one with style as well as substance.” Learning to create a professional presence is one of the most valuable skills we can acquire.The development of professional presence begins with a full appreciation ofthe power of first impressions. The tendency to form impressions quickly at the time of an initial meeting illustrates what social psychologists call a primacy effect in the way people perceive one another. The general principle is that first impressions establish the mental framework within which a person is viewed, and later evidence is either ignored or reinterpreted to coincide with this framework.11. For all of the following walks of life EXCEPT the the professional presence has beendiscussed in this passage.[A] economic [B] military[C] academic [D] medical12. The underlined word “apparel” in the first paragraph means ““[A] apparatus [B] cosmetics[C] clothing [D] specialty13. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] No first impressions would ever change in the later contacts.[B] How one composes oneself determines how one is evaluated by others.[C] Social psychology is a science that stipulates the principles for social behaviors.[D] Opportunities in jobs or promotions are for those who differ from their competitors.14. The underlined word : “poise” in the third paragraph means:[A] proper comportment [B]desirable position[C] careful pause [D] positive assurance15. Which of the following is likely to be the title of this article?[A] The Power of First Impression[B] The Primacy Effect in Marketing[C] Social Psychology in Business[D] The Importance of FeedbackPassage FourYou can’t drive if you’re blind, or blind drunk, but an alarming number of Americans find themselves, at least occasionally, driving in a blind rage. “It’s a major social issue,”says Dr. Ricardo Martinez, administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safe ty Administration. “A 3,000-pound car in the hands of rude, hostile person is a lethal weapon.”A report on “road rage” to be released this week by the American Automobiles Association concluded that “motorists ... are increasingly being shot, stabbed, beaten, and run over for i nane reasons.” And inanity is not confined to young louts in “Baywatch” T-shirt: young men are by far the most common perpetrators, but middle-aged men and women can be equally big jerks. The most common manifestation of road rage was aggressive tailgating, followed by headlight flashing, “obscene gestures”, blocking other vehi cles, and verbal abuse. Drivers have been assaulted with weapons ranging from partially eaten burritos to canes (“a favorite with the elderly and disabled”)to golf clubs ---- and other vehicles, including buses, bulldozers, forklifts, and military tanks. “In terms of fatal crashes, drunks are a muchbigger menace,”says David Willis, president of the AAA Foundation of Traffic Safety. “But the average motorist doesn’t encounter a drunk very often, while in a place like Washington, D.C., at least once a week yo u’ll have an encounter with some crazy guy on the road.”Naturally, the phenomenon has given rise to its own therapeutic movement, whose leading practitioner is a Whittier, California, psychologist named Arnold Nerenburg. Nerenburg, who calls himself “America’s Road Rage Therapist”, has identified four stimuli that provoked road rage. The most common is feeling endange red by someone else’s driving --- for example, when another driver cuts you off or follows too closely. Others are resentment at being forced to slow down, righteous indignation at someone who breaks traffic rules or steals your parking space and ----perhaps the most dangerous, because it opens the door to an escalating exchange of hostilities ----anger at another driver who takes his own road rage out on you.The fact that most drivers are mutual strangers contributes to the volatility of highway confrontations. “There’s a deep psychological urge to release aggre ssion against an anonymous other,” Nerenburg says.Road-rage therapy tends toward the common-sensical---- “Take a deep breath and just let it go,” Nerenburg recommends. But it might help to consider that you might not be all that anonymous to the other driver. One of his patients realized the depth of his problem after he yelled an obscenity at the woman in the next car ----who turned out to be his boss s wife.16 .Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?[A] More and more Americans are using their cars to express their anger.[B] Old people and women are milder in temperament during driving.[C] Common sense might be the basis for overcoming road rage.[D] If people know each other, road rage would not happen.17. According to American Automobile Association, thepeople are more likely than all the others to be road-angered.[A] young [B] middle-aged[C]old [D] handicapped18. Which of the following is a justifiable cause for road rage, according to Dr. Nerenburg?[A] Another driver fails to observe a traffic law.[B] The parking space is occupied by another car.[C] The lane is taken by a slowly-moving car.[D] Another driver flashes the head-light.19. The underlined word “lethal” in the first paragraph means:[A] powerful[B] illegal[C] dangerous[D] deadly20. What might be the deep problem that one of Nerenburg’s patients had realized?[A] He faces a lawsuit of sex harassment.[B] He is in danger of being fired.[C] He will be fined by traffic police.[D] He falls ill and has to see a doctor.Passage FiveMost people, asked if they can think without -speech, would probably answer, “Yes, but it is not easy for me to do so. Still I know it can be done.” Language is but a garment! But what if language is not so much a garment as a prepared road or groove? It is, indeed, in the highest degree likely that language is an instrument originally put to uses lower than the conceptual plane and that thought arises as a refined interpretation of its content. The product grows, in other words, with the instrument and the thought may be no more conceivable, in its genesis and daily practice, without speech than is mathematical reasoning practicable without the lever of an appropriate mathematically symbolism. No one believes that even the most difficult mathematical proposition is inherently dependent on an arbitrary set of symbols, but it is impossible to suppose that the human mind is capable of arriving at or holding such a proposition without the symbolism.The writer, for one, is strongly of the opinion that the feeling entertained by so many that they can think, or even reason, without language is an illusion. The illusion seems to be due to a number of factors. The simplest of these is the failure to distinguish between imagery and thought. As a matter of fact, no sooner do we try to put an image into conscious relation with another than we find ourselves slipping into a silent flow of words. Thought may be a natural domain apart from the artificial one of speech, but speech would seem to the only road we know of that leads to it.21. In the first line, the underlined phrase can best be replaced by[A] most of the people [B] more people[C] more than one people [D] many people22. In line 3, the word ‘groove” is probably closest in meaning to[A] later growth [B] designated slot[C] particular path [D] ready-made viaduct23. Which of the following statements would the author of the passage agree?[A] Thought came into being earlier than language[B] It is language that makes conceptual thought possible[C] Thought is no different from mathematics because it depends on symbolism[D] Both thought and language are the interpretation of propositions.24. Which of the following statements is true according to the author?[A] The imagery is the precondition of thought[B] Thought has to be bore in words.[C] Imagery is an explanation of words.[D] Once we use words, we make mistakes.25. The idea of this passage is held by[A]some people including the writer.[B] the writer himself alone[C] most people but the writer[D] one of the people other than the writerPassage SixStrikes and strikebreaking, lockouts and boycotts, all pit one side against the other in labor disputes. Ultimately, the negative effects of such actions ---- including resentment, fear, and distrust ---- linger for months or years after a dispute has been resolved.Increasingly, more productive techniques such as mediation and arbitration are being used to settle disagreements between labor and management. Either one may come into play before a labor contract expires or after some other strategy, such as a strike, has proven ineffective.Mediation is the use of a neutral third party to assist management and the union during their negotiations. This third party (the mediator) listens to both sides, trying to find common ground for agreement. The mediator also tries to encourage communication between the two sides to promote compromise, and generally keep the negotiation moving. Initially, the mediator may meet privately with each side. Eventually, however, the goal is to get the two sides to settle their differences at the bargaining table.Unlike mediation, the arbitration step involves a formal hearing. Just as it may be the final step in a grievance procedure, it may also be used in contract negotiations when the two sides cannot agree on one or more issues. At this point, the arbitrator hears the formal positions of both parties on outstanding, unresolved issues. The arbitrator then analyzes these positions and makes a decision on the possible resolution of the issues. If both sides have agreed in advance that the arbitration will be binding, that means they must accept the arbitrator’s decision.If mediation and arbitration are unsuccessful, then according to the Taft-Hartley Act, the president of the United States can obtain a temporary injunction to prevent or to stop a strike if it would endanger national health or security.26. According to the author, with the solution of a labor crisis[A] the tension between labor and management can continue[B] labor and management do not trust each other any more[C] the negative effect of actions like strike would be resolved[D] a long time is needed to bring the dispute to an end27. To resolve a labor dispute, one should[A] resort to mediation or arbitration from the start[B] make sure that the labor contract expires[C] take other steps before going to mediation or arbitration[D] strike first and then accept mediation or arbitration28. Which of the following is true of mediation?[A] The mediator makes final decisions after meeting with both sides.[B] To avoid bias, the mediator cannot meet either side in advance.[C] The primary task is to help both sides bargain with each other.[D] The mediator can be a representative from either the labor or the management.29. The pre-condition for an arbitration to be authoritative is that[A] both sides agree in advance to abide by the decision made[B] a formal hearing must be conducted just like in a court trial[C] the decision is focused on the most outstanding and unresolved issues[D] there is no bargaining allowed by arbitration,unlike mediation30. In the last sentence, the underlined word “injunction” most likely refers to[A] a formal declaration [B] a subpoena [C] a lawsuit protocol [D] an official orderVI Vocabulary (10%; 0-5 mark each)31. Dr. Norman Bethune came from Canada to help the Chinese people in their war against Japanese aggression.[A] in the way [B] all the way [C] along the way [D] by the way32. Throughout history, he who knows the art of war uses force only as the last[A] resort [B] rescue [C] refrain [D] recant33. After a careful investigation and evaluation,the city hall decided to the old house.[A] dismantle [B] destroy [C] demolish [D] delineate34. The monument was so small that it appears to be more for than for memorial.[A] significance [B] indifference [C] oblivion [D] memory35. Millions of years ago the Vesuvian volcano destroyed Pompeii, but today it is[A] dormant [B] Pacifying [C] ignited [D] pictured36. Because humans have to talk about the limitless world by means of limited language sounds, there is a great between the world and language.[A] apathy [B]anomaly [C] asymmetry [D] agnosticism37. If an organism is quite successful in getting used with the environment that is new to it, we say that the organism is very[A] agile [B] adjustable [C] adoptive [D] adaptive38. When we do Planning, we Should take a11 relevant factors into consideration in order to as much as possible the difficult cases or even failures.[A] forestall [B] forerun [C] foretell [D] forecast39. is the practice of putting yourself in a position of another person in order to understand his/her feelings.[A] affectionate [B]empathy[C] pathology [D] affiliation40. In schools and universities, some courses are compulsory, which one has to take, while the others are( ) , either freely of as required.[A] optimal [B] opaque [C] optical [D] optional41. When one applies for a job position, one needs to ( ) one's resume, describing one's educational as well as working experiences.[A] submit [B] subject [C] submerge [D] subside42. As industry grew,so ( ) did the need for more and more skilled industrial workers.[A] much[B] as to[C] too[D] as for43. The rescue team worked hard to search for the missing mountaineers,( ) the heavy and icy snowstorm.[A] in spite [B] despite [C] although [D] disregard44. “Breaking Bad” is the most thrilling TV drama series ( ) I have watched in several years.[A] as [B] what [C] which [D] that45. The revised feasibility report handed in by the draft team is good enough, ( )a few spelling errors on some pages.[A] except for [B] except that [C] excepting [D] except46. It is mandatory that the engineering project ( ) accomplished by the end of this year.[A] is [B] has been [C] be[D] will be47. ( ) the advice from the councilor, we would not have finished the task so smoothly.[A] out of [B] what with [C] but for [D] instead of48. The traffic accident has claimed 5 lives, the cause of which is still ( ) investigation.[A] under [B] beyond [C] for [D] beneath49. Even though the bell for dismissing class has rung,the teacher is still talking ( )[A] over [B] forward [C] off [D] away50. Since the negotiation with the management has come to a deadlock, the worker's union decide to take ( ) the street.[A] to [B] over [C] down [D] away withIII Cloze (10%; 0.5 mark each)In the last decade, giving birth at home has become an increasingly popular option for some couples. Assisted by a physician or a nurse-midwife,many women have successfully given birth at home (51) A to healthy babies. In fact, some studies indicate that ―一for (52)<C>uncomplicated pregnancies --- home delivery is as safe as hospital delivery. (53) [B] Advocates of home birth argue that the atmosphere in a hospital --- with all its forbidding machines,rules, regulations, and general lack of “homeyness”---- is stressful. (54) [B] Therefore ,giving birth in a hospital detracts from what should be a joyous, natural human experience. Supporters of home birth further argue that hospitals are (55) [C] meant to deal with illness and that the delivery of a baby should not be viewed as an illness.On the other side of the argument, critics of home birth argue that if emergency medical (56) [A] procedures are necessary, giving birth at home may be (57) [B] downright dangerous. Furthermore, hospital practices in labor and delivery have changed (58) [D] radically in the last decade, particularly with the increased popularity of the Lamaze method. Thus hospitals are not the strange, forbidding environments they once were. (59) [A] Most hospitals, for example, allow fathers to be present (60) [A] at the entire labor and delivery, and many allow the father to be present (61) [A] in the operating room during the cesarean deliveries. Many hospitals have (62) [D] altogether created birth centers, homelike rooms with comfortable beds and armchairs, that allow labor and delivery to (63) [C] occur in a。
四川大学2016年博士入学英语考试真题与答案解析
四川大学·2016年·博士入学英语考试真题与答案解析————————————————————————————————————————完形填空Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer,that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence,it 5,is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep,burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning—a 7 process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of the things they‘ve apparently learned is when to 8 。
Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence?That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we ‘ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,14 ,is running a small cale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs,they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 ,not merely how much of it there is. 18 ,they would hope to study a 19 question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20 the results are inconclusive. 1. [A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine 2. [A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened 3. [A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer 4. [A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority 5. [A]insists on[B]sums up[C]turns out[D]puts forward 6. [A]off [B]behind[C]over[D]along 7. [A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual 8. [A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think 9. [A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different 10. [A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward 11. [A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs 12. [A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across 13. [A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply 14. [A]by chance[B]in contrast[C]as usual[D]for instance 15. [A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest 16. [A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach 17. [A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with 18. [A]Above all[B]After all[C]However[D]Otherwise 19. [A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile 20. [A]By accident[B]In time[C]So far[D]Better stillI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Herlong black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , ofcourse.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.89. According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace ____B____ .A. refused to speak to her.B. was pleasant and attractive.C. was selling skirts and ribbons.D. recognized her immediately.解析:B。
四川大学华西医学院普外科2016年考博真题考博试卷
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பைடு நூலகம்
二、简答题 1.腹股沟斜疝与直疝区别。 2.甲状腺术后并发症 3.乳腺癌根治术后放疗指针 4.胆管癌 Bismuth-corett 分型 5.胃溃疡及十二指肠溃疡手术指针
三、诊断题 一个男的 40 多岁,右上腹隐痛 1 年多,加重一个月,有乙肝病史 14 年,表面 抗原阳性 AFP500,肝增大,质硬,压痛,叩击痛。脾大,白细胞 3 *10 的 9 次方,血小板 50*10 的 9 次方。
攻 读 博 士 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷
医学考博真题试卷
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四川大学华西医院
2016 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:普外科 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释 1.whipple 三联征 2.Buerger 病 3.股管 4.布加综合征 5.早期倾倒综合征
2005-2012年四川大学历史学考博试题
2005-2012年四川大学历史学考博试题2005-2012年四川大学历史学考博试题2005年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论缺中国近现代社会与文化专题一,必做题试论20世纪前期的地方自治二,选做题1,以个案分析新式交通的兴起对城市发展的影响(城市史方向考生必做)2,晚清废除科举制的意义与影响(中国近代经济与社会方向必做)1,论南京国民政府的文化取向(中国近现代文化史必做)2,评民国时期关于西化问题的论战(中国近现代思想与学术必做)3,戊戌之后三十年中中国传统士绅与知识分子社会角色的转化(中国近现代区域经济与社会必做)4,民国时期各约法(或宪法)之制宪背景与内容异同(中国近现代政制研究必做)2006年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论一,论历史比较研究及其意义二,对以下评论加以评说程颐:唐太宗,后人只知是英主,元不曾有人识其恶,至如杀兄取位,若以功业言,不过只做得个功臣,岂可夺元良之位。
朱熹:唐太宗一切假仁借义以行其私。
中国近现代社会与文化一,必做题民国初期国家政治制度演变述论(1912-1927)二,研究方向题1,论严复(中国文化史方向必做)2,评“中国前途”与现代化问题的讨论(中国近现代思想与学术方向必做)3,清代省会城市的地位与作用(中国城市发展研究方向必做)4,清末民初中国城市社会生活的变化(中国近现代经济与社会方向必做)三,中国近现代区域经济与社会研究方向必做题1,名词解释库平银常关昭信股票大比点石斋画报2,问答题庚子之后的中英商约谈判述论四,中国近现代政制研究方向必做题1,名词解释捐纳教谕赵烈文张国淦战国策派2,问答题南京国民政府制宪活动述论2007年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论一,论历史主义二,评柯文著《在中国发现历史》中国近现代社会与文化专题一,必做题南京临时政府的社会经济改革述评二,选做题1,论19世纪末20世纪初中国文化人对进化论认识的演变及其原因(专门史中国近现代文化史方向必做)2,评20世纪三四十年代蒋介石的社会改良思想与实践(中国近现代史专业中国近现代思想与学术研究方向必做)3,试析近代中国城乡关系的特点(专门史中国城市发展与研究方向必做)4,试析近代中国票号业的发展变化(中国近现代史专业中国近现代经济与社会研究方向必做)5,近代中国人口流动的主要流向、规模、成因及其对中国社会经济文化的作用于影响(专门史中国近现代区域经济与社会方向必做)6,王寄生教授是怎样阐述第一次国共合作时期国共关系的?你是否赞同他的见解?为什么?(中国近现代史中国近现代政制研究方向必做)2008年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论一,结合本专业实际论历史记忆与历史书写之关系二,如何认识历史领域后现代主义的当代挑战中国近现代社会与文化专题一,论甲午战争对中国政治、经济、社会、社会、思想文化的影响(政治、经济、社会、思想文化四个方面,限选择一个方面展开论述(专门史、中国近现代史各方向必做)二,试评19世纪70至90年代中国社会思想文化的演变(专门史中国近现代文化史方向必做)三,近代中国教案之文化与社会学分析(专门史中国近现代区域经济与社会方向必做)四,试析城市出现衰落的原因(专门史中国城市发展研究方向必做)五,评五四运动以后各派的救国方案(中国近现代史中国近现代思想与学术研究方向必做)六,试析近代中国城市大众文化的兴起(中国近现代史中国近现代经济与社会研究方向必做)七,论段祺瑞临时执政府对北洋军政体系的整合(中国近现代史中国近现代政制研究方向必做)2009年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论一,结合实例说明历史学的社会功能二,史学领域的后现代主义思潮评述中国近现代社会与文化专题一,报考罗志田教授的考生从以下三题中任选二题作答1,在1820-1950年间选择一个你认为特别重要的史事,简述相关的人与事及其过程,从文化发展的层面讨论其在历史上的作用与影响(述事可以尽量简明,请侧重后面的讨论部分)2,你是怎样认识近代中国的革命(包括言论和行动)的?尽量用事例支持你的看法,请勿空论)3,今年是五四运动90周年,如果让你进一步研究五四新文化运动,你会怎样进行?请具体说明,并解释为什么要这样进行?二,报考其他导师考生选做题1,必做题评民国初年的政党政治2,选做题论南京国民政府立国的文化理论(专门史中国近现代文化史方向必做)评黄宗智的《华北的小农经济与社会变迁》(专门史中国区域经济与社会研究方向必做)比较分析宋末元初与明末清初城市的破坏与重建(专门史中国城市发展研究方向必做)中国现代自由主义评述(中国近现代史中国近现代思想与学术方向必做)比较分析太平天国的妇女解放与清末的妇女解放(中国近现代史中国近现代经济与社会方向必做)庚款办学述论(中国近现代史中国近现代政制研究方向必做)结合史例,谈谈近年来中国近代区域社会经济史领域研究的新特点,并作评述(中国近现代史中国近现代区域研究方向必做)2010年四川大学历史学考博试题史学通论一,论历史思维的方法二,结合史学理论与实践谈谈你对史学即史料学这一观点的认识中国近现代社会与文化专题一。