中考英语考点精讲：定语从句的基础知识讲解.doc

中考英语考点精讲：定语从句的基础知识讲
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中考英语考点精讲：定语从句的基础知识讲解
定语从句讲解
Match
the
two
sentences：
1.I’m
reading
a
book.
The
book
is
about
Gates.
I’m reading
a
book
is
about
Bill Gates.
2.He is
a teacher. The teacher teaches
Chinese.
He is
a teacher teaches us Chinese.
3.I don’t like
the man.
He
is smoking.
I don’t
like
the
man
is smoking.
4.Where is
the picture? You
bought
it
last
week.
Where
is
the
picture
you
bought
last
week?
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

定语从句一般放在先行词后面。

例：
关系代词
关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。

关系词分为
关系代词(that,
which,
who,
whom,
关系副词(when,
where,
why)。

关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。

关系代词which,
that引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示物体的名词或代词，关系代词应用which,
that(作主语或宾语)
关系代词作为主语时不能省略，作为宾语是可以省略。

例：
作为主语不能省略：
This
is
a
dream.
dream will never come true.
The dog
has been found.
The dog was lost.
The book
mine.
The
book
is
lying
on
the
floor.
作为宾语能省略：
This
is
the
card.
I’ve
just
received
card.
This is
the mistake.
I always make the mistake.
I still keep
the letters.
She
wrote
letters
to
me.
I
lost
the
pen.
my
father
bought
me
the
pen.
关系代词who, that,
whom,
whose引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词用who,that(作主语或宾语)
whom
(作宾语)
whose(作定语)
例：
作主语不能省略：
This
is
the
film
star.
The
film
star
is
very
in China.
The boy
is called Roy.
The boy broke the window.
Do you know the
The man spoke
at
the meeting yesterday.
The girl
is
my cousin.
The girl
is watering
flowers.
例：
做宾语能省略：
The
man
is
a
famous
writer.
He
described
the
man
just
now.
(作宾语)
boy
is
my
friend.
I'm looking
for
the
boy.
The thief
has
been
sent
to
prison.
police
caught
the
thief
last
night.
whose作定语,表示所属关系。

The
boy
is
my
friend.
The
boy’s
father
is
a policeman.
They are helping the man.
The man’s car
is broken.
Please pass
me
the book.
The cover
of
the book
is
red.
例：
(
B
)A
child
_____ parents are dead
is
an
orphan(
孤儿).
A.
who
B.
whose
C.
who’s
D.
which
只能用that,不用which,常见的情况有六种：
1.
当先行词是all,
any,
few,
none,
anything, everything,
nothing
,
everybody,
nobody, everyone,
no
one
或被这些词所修饰时。

That’s
all
that
I
know.
there anything that
I
can
do
for you?
He answered few questions that
the teacher asked.
当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

That
is
the
most
boring
book
that
I
have
ever
read.
The
first
thing
that
I
should
do
is
to
do
my homework.
3.
当先行词有the very,
the
only,
the
same等修饰时。

That’s
the
thing
that
I
can
do
now.
These are
the
very words that
he used.
This is
same
bike
that
I
lost.
4.
当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.
Who
is
the
girl
that
spoke
to
you
just
Which
is
the
pen
that
you
lost
?
5.
先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.
The
man
and
his
dog
that
I
always
meet
are
standing
by
the
gate.
6.
主句是there
be
结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.
There
is
a
book
that
to
Tom
on
the
desk.
关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：
1.先行词为that,
those时
What’s
that
which
is
under
the
desk?
2.关系代词前面有介词时
is
the
room
in
which
he
lives.
3.引导非限制性定语从句
Tom
came
back,
which
made
us
happy.
关系词只能用whom，而不用that/who的情况：
关系代词前面有介词时
He
is
the
boy
with
whom
my
mother
is
talking.
who/which/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。

1)
I
prefer
shoes
that
are cool.
2)
I
like
a
pizza that
is
really delicious.
3)
I
love singers who
are
beautiful.
4)
I
have
a
friend
who
plays
sports.
Exercise
1
:用关系代词填空
1.The
boy
_
_
is
ping-pong
is
my classmate.
2.The
e-mail
___________ I
received yesterday was
from
my
sister.
3.I hate
______________ talk
much
but
do
little.
4.The
car
_____________ my
father
bought
last
month
is
very
beautiful.
5. The
man
_
__
hair
is
white
is
his grandfather.
6.
Is
there
a
student
__ father is
a business man?
7. This
is
the house in
we have lived for
years.
8.I’ve never heard
of
the
people
and
things
_
you
talked about
just
now.
9.Say
__
__
you know.
10.Is there anything
_
I
can
do
for
you?
11.This is
the
play
I
have seen since
I came here.
12. This
is
the best novel I
have
13.Who is
the
girl
__
_is standing under
the
tree?
14. Which
is
the machine
we
used
last
Sunday.
定语从句关系副词的用法:
1、Where指地点，在从句中充当地点状语。

This
is
the
place
where
we
lived
ten
years
ago.
=in
which
2、When指时间，在从句中充当时间状语。

He
told
me
the
date
when
he
joined
the
Party.
=on
which
3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。

I
know
the
reason
why
she
was
so
angry.
=for
which
关系副词when,
where和关系代词that,
which的区别:
同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where,有时使用that/which;
同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when,有时使用that/which。

这主要看两点：
1、先行词在从句中所作成分;
2、定语从句中的谓语动词是否
一个及物动词。

1.This is
the
park (which/ that
)we visited last year.
This is
the
park where
we
held
birthday party.
= in which
2. She won’t forget the days (which/ that) she spent on
island.
She won’t
forget
the
day
when
they
stayed together.
=
on
which
分析例题：
1)
This
the factory _
_
I visited last year.
2) This is
the factory _
_
I
last year.
3) This
is
the factory produces all kinds
of
TV sets.
A. where
B.
C.
whom
D.
whose
以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分;
1)还原为:
I
visited
the
factory.是动宾关系，因此选
which
2)还原为:
I
worked
in
the
factory，factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，因此选where
3)还原为:
the
factory
produces
all
kinds
…是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which
4)Can
you
lend
me
the
novel
_
_。