高三英语备考——完形填空中的词义辨析题
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词义辨析要点
[要点巩固]
词义辨析考查的面广,该内容也是英语学习中的一个难题,欲觅简明准确的解释并非易事,考生在学习时首先应掌握其基本意思,再结合特定的语境进行比较。有鉴于此,我们将在教学中所积累的并结合高考试题,给考生提供中学英语中常见的同义词(语),易混词(语)及相似句型等方面的指点。英语中的同义词(语),易混词(语)及相似句型之间的区别,有的属英汉语意差别,有的属不同搭配表达意义不同,有的属搭配不同表达意义相同,有的属语气轻重有别,有的则属搭配范围和习惯不同等等。因此我们只能把重点放在中学英语学习过程中常见的易混、易错之处,不求面面俱到,只求对症下药,说清为止。
[例题剖析]
例1
2. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everyone in the office.
A. which
B. that
C. this
D. it
剖析:该题为非限制性定语从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故用 which .正确答案为A.
3.The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _____ his notes.
A. bring up
B. referring to
C. looking for
D. trying on
剖析:此题考查短语动词的区别,这四个短语的基本意义为:bring up“养育、提出;吐出”,refer to“论及、说到、谈到、提及;参考、参阅、参照”,look for“寻找、寻求” try on“试穿,试戴”,根据题义:“经理在商务会议上讲了一个小时没看讲稿”。应选B。6.--- Ow! I’ve burnt myself!
--- I _____ a hot pot.
A. touched
B. kept
C. felt
D. held
剖析:touch“触摸”,keep “保持” feel “感觉” hold“拿着”,所给的语境是“烫伤”故选A,因为触摸,才可能烫伤。
7.The old tower must be saved, _______ the cost.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. wherever
剖析:题义:“无论什么样的代价,这座古塔一定要拯救。”whatever可表示, “无论什么”whichever“无论哪个”。
9.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______ be very slow.
A. should
B. must
C. will
D. can
剖析:此题考查情态动词,sho uld“应该”,must “一定”,will“将会、总是”,can“可能”,根据题义“…… 因为有时可能会很慢。”故选 D。
10.---People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.
---_______ .The roads are too crowed as it is.
A. All right
B. Exactly
C. Go ahead
D. Fine
剖析:此题考查交际用语在一定语境中的应用。all right“不错,好啊”,exactly“(用
于对答)正是、一点不错”,go ahead“前进,(催促对方)先请”,fine“好的、棒的”,根据题义,表示对对方所说的完全同意,“一点不错,正是”之意,故选B。
13.My mother always gets a bit ______ if we don’t arrive when we say we will.
A. anxious
B. ashamed
C. weak
D. patient
剖析:题义“如果我们没有在我们所说的时间到达,父母就会着急。”故选:A
16.I am sure David will be able to find the library--- he has a pretty good _____ of direction.
A. idea
B. feeling
C. experience
D. sense
剖析:idea “主意、想法”,feeling“感觉、情感”,experience“经历、经验”,sense“感觉、辨别力、判断力”,a good sense of direction“方向感很强”。故选 D。
19.I couldn’t ______. The line was busy.
A. go by
B. go around
C. get in
D. get through
剖析:此题考查短语动词的区别。g o by“走过、流逝”,go around“四处走走”,get in“进入、收集”get through(用于电话等)联络到”。从下句“线路很忙”,故选D。
20.We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _______ we like yet.
A. one
B. ones
C. it
D. them
剖析:此题考查代词的区别。题义“我们一直在看房子,但还没找到我们所喜欢的一套(房子)。答案为A,此处的one相当于a house,而ones相当于houses,it和them应指上文提到的同类同物。又如: Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_______ I will always treasure. (2002 NMET 35)
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what
答案为one 相当于 a moment。意为:“......,我将永远珍惜的时刻”。
例2.
22. No one helped me. I did it all ____ myself.
A. for
B. by
C. from
D. to
剖析:考查介词的区别。根据题义“没人帮助我,我独自做的”。by oneself“独自地”,for oneself“替/ 为自己”。故选B。
23. Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why
B. what
C. who
D. that
剖析:“Mary写了一篇关于为什么球队没有获胜的文章”。故选A。
25. We haven’t enough books for ______; some of you wi ll have to share.
A. somebody
B. anybody
C. everybody
D. nobody
剖析:“我们没有给每人一本这么多的书,有些只能共同使用。”everyone与否定词not连用表示部分否定,“并非都……”。故选C。另外all, both, always, every以及every构成的复合不定代词等,与not连用也表示部分否定。
26. Tom, you_____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this.
A. wouldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. may not
剖析:答案为B。此题为情态动词的否定式。wouldn’t“不会”,mustn’t“不准、不得”,needn’t“不必”,may not“不可以”。
27.They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, ____ we managed to bring the price