高考英语语法考点解读:情态动词和虚拟语气
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情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态等,是中英语语法的重点,也是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五高考中主要考查四点:情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词表达“情感、态、语气等”;情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法,以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。
一、情态动词表推测的用法
headmaster.
①That may
not be true.
①He couldn't
have
discovered the
truth.
注意:should (ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。如:
—When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They ________ be ready by 12:00.
A.can B.should C.might D.need
【解析】B A项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。C项表示推测语气不太肯定。should意为“按理说,理应”,既回答了顾客的询问,不失礼貌,又为照片有可能尚未洗好,顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地,体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲。
二、情态动词的其他用法
1.can, could, may, might
2.must, should
3. need, dare
4.shall/will/would
4.shall/will/would
4.shall/will/would
二、情态动词+have done
四、虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car. 如果明天下雨的话,我就不开车了。(明天的情况还不知道)
If I had done it in time, I should have had a good time. 如果我及时做的话,日子就好过多了。(可惜当时没能及时做)
注意:
(1)主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称。
(2)条件句中如果动词是be,其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were;在第一、三人称单数的口语中,可用was代替were。但在if I were you中,不能说成if I was you。
(3)当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整,这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如:If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力习的话,现在干得就会容易些了。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听我的建议,他就不会干得这么好了。
(4)在条件句中,如果有were, had, should等,则可省略if,但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。
如:If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. =Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion. 如果他来,我将和他一道参加讨论。
(5)有些虚拟条件句没有从句,虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如:
But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水,地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)
With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助,我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句)
2.虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法
专题八│ 正面解读
I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在)
I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来)
I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.
我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)
3.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用
(1)在insist;command,order;demand,request,require,desire;advise, propose, suggest,recommend等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once.
他要她立刻离开这所房子。
He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.
他建议我们应该用发展的眼光处理这个问题。
(2)与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。如:
My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。
(3)在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … )that… 结构中,主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如:
It's required that every student be on time for school.
要求每个生准时到校。
(4)在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时,句子的动词也使用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”的形式,其中should可以省略。如:
What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?
你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢?
(5)在It's+necessary,essential,important, strange, natural等形容词+that从句或It's a pity,
a shame等名词+that 从句中,谓语动词可以使用should do。如:
It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。
It's a pity that you should be so careless.
你竟然如此粗心,真是可惜。
4.虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法