英语词汇学各章试题卷

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英语词汇学英语词汇学习题1及答案

试题一第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Generalization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenicpounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to thecourse book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（） l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（） B.grammatical23.extension（） C.double meaning24.narrowing（） D.Swedish25.linguistic（） prehend/understand26.ambiguity（） F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.参考答案Ⅰ.(3%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversative prefix38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence withidiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection（re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）.2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）。

英语词汇学试卷

英语词汇学试卷＋答案第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete thestatement and put the letter in the bracket．(30％)1．There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．They are ______. A．primary and secondary B．central and peripheralC．diachronic and synchronic D．formal and functional [ ] 2．Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?A．Colloquial B．SlangC．Negative D．Literary [ ]3．Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____. A．absolute and relative B．absolute and completeC．relative and near D．complete and identical [ ]4．In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and FrenchC．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin [ ]5． A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single _______ morpheme．A．formal B．concreteC．free D．bound [ ]6．Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated? A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleatC．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet [ ]7．LDCE is distinctive for its____.A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notesC．language notes D．all of the above [ ]8．From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to A．German B．FrenchC．Scottish D．Irish [ ]9．Which of the following is NOT an acronym?A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEYC．BASIC D．CCTV [ ]10. In the course book，the author lists ____ types of context clues for inferring word meaning．A．eight B．sixC．seven D．five [ ]11．Sources of homonyms include____.A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowingC．shortening D．all of the above [ ]12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form．A．selective B．adequateC．imperfect D．natural [ ]13．Structurally a ____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language．A．morpheme B．stemC．word D．compound [ ]14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes．A．suffixes B．prefixesC．inflectional morphemes D．roots [ ]15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French. Latin，____.A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and ScandinavianC．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish [ ]第二部分非选择题Ⅱ．Complete the following statements with proper words orexpressions according to the course book．16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____. 17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a ____ dictionary．18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or ____in the context to help the readers．19．Radiation and ____are the two coinages which the development of wordmeaning follows from monosemy to polysemy．20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____.Ⅲ．Match the words or expressions in Column A with those inColumn B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation.and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms．A B( )21．skill A．back—formation( )22．babysit B．blending( )23．telequiz C．French origin( )24．composition／compounding D．S Candinavian origin( )25．government E．clipping( )26．same／different F. relative synonyms( )27．gent G. Germanic( )28．English H．absolute synonyms( )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms( )30．big／small J．contrary termsIV．Smdy the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types ofmeanings,3)processes of meaning development，and 4)foliation of eompounds．31．neck→primary meaning：that part of man joining the head to the body；a secondary meaning：the narrowest part of anything．( )32．contradict ( )33．mother：love，care ( )34．upcoming ( )35．window shopping ( )36．radlos ( )37．property developer ( )38．Candidate→earlier meaning：white-robed；later meaning：a person proposed for a place，award etc．( )overcoat39．handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man40．northward ( )V. Define the following terms.41.encyclopendia42.borrcwed43.blending44.extension45.phrasal verbVI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should beClear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.47.what is extra-linguistic context?48.what is polysemy? Illustrate your points.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Thenwhat contextual help you to work out the meaning.Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog inThe street and ate it.50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.英语词汇学答案(课程代码0832)I．Each Of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．1.C2.C3.A4.D5.C6.A7.D8.A9.B 10.A11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.BII Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to thecourse book．16．extension 或generalization 17．specialized18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according tO 1) word origin，2)word formation，and 3)types of synonyms or antonyms．21．D 22．A23．B 24．H25．C 26．I27．E 28．G29．F 30．JIV．Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemesunderlined，2)types of meanings，3)processes of meaning development，and 4)formation of compounds．31．radiation 32．bound root33．connotative meaning 34．adv+v-ing35．n+v-ing 36．inflectional affix／inflectional morpheme37．n+v-er 3.concatenation39．collocative meaning 40．suffix／derivational affixV．Define the following terms．41．An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword；it is not concerned with the language per se.42．Borrowed words, also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages．43．It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a partof another word．44．Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has nowbecome generalized．45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and／or a particle．VI. Answer the following questions．Your answers should be clear and short．Write your answers in the space given below．46．Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem；it only modifies its meaning.e.g．treat--maltreatSuffixation，On，the other hand，changes the word-class instead of its meaning.e.g．employ—— employer47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation．(2)componentsa.participants (addresser and addressee)writer and readerspeaker and listener／hearerb. time and placec. cultural background48.要点：1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages．2)have more than one sense．3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles：diachronic approach andsynchronic approach．VII．Analyze and comment on the following．Write your answers in the space given below．49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore(2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger(3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all(4)carnivore may feed on meat(5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or associationssuggested by the conceptual meaning．(2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary．but associated with the word in actualcontext to particular readers or speakers．Thus they are unstable. varying considerablyaccording to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual．(3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to another child who isoften scolded or beaten at home, it may mean indifference，hatred，or even hell．。

(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案

试题三第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the ambiguity of the sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. VocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken ( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16._________________ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________ has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; beare ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of context clues; 2) typesof word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。

英语词汇学各章试题

英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or formsof words, primarily through the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of theform and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis,syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices oflinguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning,origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines andacademic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members ofparticular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems tostand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to thesub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectalwords12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are nowrestricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that havetaken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words.They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are alsocalled _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____ofwords.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structuresof English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology,______,etymology, stylistics, ________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namelysynchronic and _______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. upon25.Notional words( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )35. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CI.16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20.vocabularyII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIII.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best completethe statement.1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be grouped intothe basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian,Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from thedead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to theItalic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish andSwedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many ofthose in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB.11thC.12thD. 13thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present _____language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into an Easternset: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words2)history off English development 3) language family.A B21. Celtic ( ) A.politics22. religious ( ) B.moon23.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian24. French ( ) D.London25. Old English ( ) E. abbot26.Dutch ( ) F. skirt27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII.16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III.21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV.31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root40.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1)The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2)Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3)The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration,carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English V ocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II（练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes tostem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Wordsformed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of anotherword . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using whatremains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes( ) A. priceless22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)() C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,etc) （） D. darken25. De-adjective noun suffixes（）Ｅviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse—drowsy laze---lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :1. B2. C3. A4. B5. A6.C7.B8.D9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake32. Back clipping, stereophonic33.Front and back clipping, influenza34.Phrase clipping, public house35. Initialisms, care of36. Acronyms, Victory Day37. Initialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipping, discotheque39. Front clipping, helicopter40. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others (4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun (4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objectiveworld in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD.etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words haveboth meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10.___is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historicalperiod, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the personor thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudesD. understanding12. ___ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh,dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affectivemeanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD.collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. differentwords15.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specificcountryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggesttheir ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings ofmany are the sum total of the morphemes combined.18._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptualmeaning of a word.19.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. Inother words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. 20.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and_________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )37. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )IV.Define the following terms .41. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45. affectivemeaningV.Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.46. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VI.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.50. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:1. C2.B3.D4.A5.C6.A7.C8.D9.A 10.B11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CI.16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaningII.21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIII.31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation33. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation35. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning37. Affective meaning 38. pejorative39. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VII.49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning,traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, which makethem appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. Words thathave emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it isthat part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best completethe statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meaningsproceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first senseby successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly thesame essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in aconversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning . Thefirst meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from polysemants is to see their ____, the second。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案### English Lexicology Test Questions and Answers#### Question 1: Define the term "morpheme" and provide examples.Answer: A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language. It can be a word, a prefix, a suffix, or an affix. For example, "run" is a morpheme, and so is "un-" in "unhappy." The word "runner" consists of two morphemes: "run" and "-er."#### Question 2: What is the difference between a free and a bound morpheme?Answer: Free morphemes can stand alone as words and have meaning by themselves, such as "dog" or "run." Bound morphemes cannot stand alone and must be attached to other morphemes to form words, such as "un-" in "unseen" or "-s" in "dogs."#### Question 3: Explain the concept of "derivation" in wordformation.Answer: Derivation is the process of creating new words by adding affixes to a base word or root. For example, adding the prefix "un-" to "happy" creates "unhappy," and adding the suffix "-ness" to "happy" creates "happiness."#### Question 4: Provide an example of a compound word and explain its formation.Answer: A compound word is formed by combining two or more words to create a new word. For instance, "blackbird" is a compound word made up of "black" and "bird." The meaning of the compound word is often related to the meanings of the individual words.#### Question 5: What is the function of a root in word formation?Answer: A root is the base form of a word that carries the primary meaning. It can be combined with prefixes andsuffixes to create new words. For example, the root "port" in "airport" and "export" carries the meaning of carrying or moving something from one place to another.#### Question 6: Define "inflection" and give an example.Answer: Inflection is the process of changing a word's formto express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, and gender. An example of inflection is the verb "run" changing to "ran" to indicate past tense.#### Question 7: What is the role of a prefix in word formation?Answer: A prefix is an affix that is added to the beginningof a word to create a new word with a different meaning. For example, the prefix "re-" in "rebuild" indicates doing something again, as in rebuilding something that waspreviously built.#### Question 8: Explain the difference between a homograph and a homophone.Answer: Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and possibly different pronunciations, such as "bat" (the animal) and "bat" (the sports equipment). Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings, such as "knight" (a person) and "night" (the time of day).#### Question 9: What is the term for words that have the same root but different meanings?Answer: Words that share the same root but have different meanings are called homonyms. For example, "bank" can refer to a financial institution or the side of a river.#### Question 10: Define "semantics" in the context of vocabulary.Answer: Semantics is the study of meaning in language. In the context of vocabulary, it refers to the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences, and how those meanings can change based on context, usage, and other linguistic factors.。

英语词汇学试题汇编

英语词汇学各章试题(卷)

英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure orforms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history ofthe form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis,syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user ’s choices oflinguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form ,meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplinesand academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members ofparticular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category thatseems to stand between the standard general words including informalones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined tothe sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD.policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectalwords12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use butare now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great9. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words thathave taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good10. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal11. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, theyare also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressionsaccording to the course book.12.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and_____of words.13.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.14. English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such asmorphology, ______,etymology, stylistics, ________.15. There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namelysynchronic and _______.16. Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammarand_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic wordstock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowedwords 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail13. Collocbility( ) B. aught14. Jargon( ) C. por15. Argot ( ) D. upon16.Notional words( ) E. hypo17. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart18. Aliens ( ) G. man19. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip20. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh21. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2)types of nonbasic vocabulary.22. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )17. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )23. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CI. 16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics,lexicography19.diachronic20. vocabularyII. 21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIII. 31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I( 练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.18.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can begrouped into the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 200019.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed20.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French21.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism22.In the 9 th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders,many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian23.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 90024.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flowof ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin25.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12 thB. 13 thC. 14 thD.15 th26.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller27.The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech,Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian28.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derivedfrom the dead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek29.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic30.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belongto the Italic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon31.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic,Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic32.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power andmany of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10 thB.11 thC.12 thD. 13 thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.33.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.34.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.35.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present_____ language.36.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into anEastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic,_______.37.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of thewords 2)history off English development 3) language family.A B38. Celtic ( ) A.politics39. religious ( ) B.moon40.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian41. French ( ) D.London42. Old English ( ) E. abbot43.Dutch ( ) F. skirt44.Middle English ( ) G. sunu45. Modern English ( ) H. lernen46. Germanic family ( ) I. freight47.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.48. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )24. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )38. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )40. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )41. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.42. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.51. Describe the characteristics of Old English .52. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.53. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.54. What are the three main sources of new words ?55. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII. 16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III. 21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV. 31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root25.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1) The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2) Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3) The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.39. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration,carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II （练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.49.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes50.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo -friend, mal practice,mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes51.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes52.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes53.The prefixes in words bi lingual , uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes54.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A. Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size55.Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames56.Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames57.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes58.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames59.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes60.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A. prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes61.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames62.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes63.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.64.Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivationalaffixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems .Words formed in this way are called _________.66. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.67. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part ofanother word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original andusing what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B26. Concrete denominal noun suffixes ( ) A. priceless27. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward28. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.) ( ) C. engineer29. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action, etc) （） D. darken30. De-adjective noun suffixes （）Ｅviolinist31. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness32. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable33. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent34. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood35. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types ofacronymy and write the full terms.36.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )40. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V. Define the following terms .42. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.43. What are the characteristics of compounds ?44. What are the main types of blendings ?45. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:46. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf —loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse —drowsy laze---lazy47. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :56. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake68. Back clipping, stereophonic69.Front and back clipping, influenza70.Phrase clipping, public house71. Initialisms, care of72. Acronyms, Victory Day73. Initialisms, tuberculosis74. Back clipping, discotheque75. Front clipping, helicopter76. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives37. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun (4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning ( 练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternativeanswers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.77. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting78._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objectiveworld in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context79.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside80. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related81.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD.etymologically82.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically83.In the sentence ‘He is fond of pen ’, pen is a ______ motivatedword.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically84.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically85.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content wordshave both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning86.___is unstable, varying considerably according to culture,historical period, and the experience of the individual.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocativemeaning D. Affective meaning87.Affective meaning indicates the speaker ’s _______towards theperson or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudesD. understanding88.___ are affective words as they are expressions of emotionssuch as oh, dear me, alas .A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD.Explanations89.It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affectivemeanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meaningsare revealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning90.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. differentwords91.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specificcountryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.92.In modern English one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and themeanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.94._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by theconceptual meaning of a word.95.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______.In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of theword.96.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptualmeaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B97. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear98.Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny99. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender100. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss101. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic102. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)103. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail104. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home105. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug106. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.107. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )38. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )41. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )108. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )IV. Define the following terms .42. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45.affective meaningV. Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.43. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VI. Analyze and comment on the following.48. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.49. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:57. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B2.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CI. 16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaning II. 21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIII. 31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation7. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation12. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning41. Affective meaning 38. pejorative51. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VII. 49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1) Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptualmeaning, traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother ,denoting a ‘f emale parent ’, is often associated with ‘l ove ’,‘c are ’, etc..(2) Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features,which make them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have thesame conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3) Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker ’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example,famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotationsimplying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4) Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In otherwords, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don ’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there issome overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field ( 练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.109.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages110.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional111._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection112. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its firstsense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense thatis finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation113.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage114.________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms115. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy116._________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/;bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms117. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms118.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms119.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms121.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms122.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning123.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.。

(完整word版)英语词汇学试题

英语词汇学试题I.Write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions. (20 points)1. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ( )2. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ( )3. a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ( )4. a morpheme that can stand alone ( )5. a morpheme attached to a stem alone ( )6. an affix that indicates grammatical relations ( )7. an affix that forms new words with a stem or root ( )8. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes ( )9. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ( )10. the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words ( ) II.Form negatives pf each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, un-. (40 points)smoker capable practical obeysecurity relevant mature abilityofficially willingness legal agreementlogical loyal convenient athleicmoral regular honest likeIII.D ecide whether the following statements are true or false. (20 points)1.English is more closely related to German than French.2.Old English was a highly inflected language.3.Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but withlittle change in word endings.4.Conversions refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.5.Words mainly involved in conversation are nouns, verbs, and adverbs.6.Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.7.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable andindeterminate.8.Perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation.9.Contradictory terms do not show degrees.10.Antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.IV. Study the sentences below and give and antonyms to the word in bold type in each context. (20 points)1.The discussion enabled them to have a clear idea of the nature of the problem.2.They are faced with clear al ternatives.3.His grandfather’s mind was not clear during the time he made the will.4.I’d like to get a clear plastic bag to carry this.5.Wash the substances with clear cold water.6.The singer’s voice remained pure and clear throughout the evening.7.All colors were clear, the river below her was brilliant blue.8.Her eyes behind the huge spectacles are clear a nd untroubled.9.Now that I’ve told her everything, I can leave with a clear c onscience.10.He is a shortish man of clear complexion.参考答案英语词汇学I.1.morpheme 2. allomorph 3. bound morpheme 4. free morpheme 5. affix6. inflectional affix7. derivational affix8. root9. stem 10. etymologyII. nonsmoker, incapable, impractical, discovery, insecurity, irrelevant, immature, inability/disability, unofficially, unwillingness, illegal, disagreement, illogical, disloyal, inconvenient, nonathletic, immoral, irregular, dishonest, dislikeIII.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.TIV.1. confusing 2. ambiguous 3. muddled 4. opaque 5. dirty6. harsh7. dull8. shifty9. guilty 10. blemished。

词汇第4单元历年试题

英语词汇学试题课程代码：008322002年4月4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-Key: C, rereadA. extra- (degree or size)B. pro- (orientation and attitude)C. re- (time or order)D. semi-(number)15.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixesKey: C47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.Key: p48 /6747.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.2003年4月48.What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain with two examples.Key: P58A noun fully converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of nouns, e.g. a white, a liberal; Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does, e.g. the poor, the young.2004年4月1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. forC. threeD. fiveKey: C p 51-527. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. semantic changeD. both B and CKey: A P4513. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______A. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.Key: D45. conversionKey: p 5647. What are the features of compounds? Give examples.地址：北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话:(010)82335555 -第 1 页共10 页-地址：北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话:(010)82335555 -第 2 页共 10 页-Key: p522005年4月9. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?（）A. TOEFLB.ODYSSEYC. BASICD. CCTVKey: B 43. blending46. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.2006年4月8. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _________.（） A. –ful B. –wise C. –lessD. –likeKey: B p4019. Compounds are different from free phrases in ___________ unity. Key: semantic p52 42. prefixation2006年7月2007年4月6．Which of the following is a case of suffixation? （） A ．Hemisphere. B ．Attempt. C ．NA TO. D ．Respondent.Key: D16．The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the ______________. Key: stem p5118．In the word ―post -war‖, ―post -‖ is a prefix of ______________.Key: time p48 43．conversion2007年7月6．Which of the following is a case of conversion? （）A．Encourage. B．Week.C．Toothache. D．Doubt.Key: D17. In the word ―pseudo-science‖, ―pseudo-‖ is a ________ prefix.Key: pejorative p4742. back-formation50. Point out the compounds in the following sentence and explain how they are combined.The out-going president talked to the stockholders who had staged a sit-in in forty-storey building.2008年4月5. The root of the word “antecedent”is ______. （）A. ante-B. -ced-C. -dentD. -entKey: B6.Shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains is called ______. （）A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. back-formationKey: B46. What is suffixation? Give an example to illustrate your point2008年7月10. ―Dis-‖ in the word ―disloyal‖ is a ________ prefix. ( )A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locativeKey: A p4611. The word ―AIDS‖ is a(n) ________. ( )A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compoundKey: B p6612. The word ―smog‖ is created by blending, with the structure of ________. ( )A. head + tailB. head + headC. head + wordD. word + tail地址：北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话:(010)82335555 -第 3 页共10 页-Key: A p6344. Suffixation generally changes the grammatical function or word ________ of stems of words. Key: class p4952. prefixation60. Comment on the following 2 groups of words or sentences to illustrate the semantic features and grammatical features of compounds.Group 1: ―red meat/hot dog‖Group 2: ―He bad-mouthed me. / major generals‖Key: p52/532009年4月10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.（）A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shorteningKey: B p4511．The word ―motel‖ is created by ______.（）A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixationKey: C12．―BBC‖ is formed in the way of ______.（）A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixationKey: A44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________.Key: affixation57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point. 2009年7月10. The suffix ―-tion‖ is a ______ suffix. （）A. adjectiveB. verbC. adverbD. nounKey: D11. From the sentences ―Hand in your papers.‖ and ―She papered the room green.‖, we can see such a means of word formation as ______. （）A. affixationB. compounding地址：北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话:(010)82335555 -第 4 页共10 页-C. conversionD. acronymyKey: C12. The word ―beg‖ comes from the word ―beggar‖. Such a way of creating a new word is called ______. （）A. suffixationB. clippingC. blendingD. back-formationKey: D44. Prefixes only modify the ______ of the stem.Key: meaning p 4652. clipping2010年4月10. ―Washing machine‖ is a word formed by____.（）A. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blendingKey: B11. ―TV‖ is a(n) ____.（）A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compoundKey: A12. The prefix ―mis-‖ in the word ―mistrust‖ is a ____prefix. （）A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locativeKey: C p4744. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called____.Key: derivatives52. conversion2010年7月10. The prefix "over-" in the word "overweight" is a prefix of ______.（）A. orientation and attitudeB. degree or sizeC. time and orderD. numberKey: B p4611. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______.（）A. back-formationB. acronymy地址：北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话:(010)82335555 -第 5 页共10 页-C. conversionD. clippingKey: A12. "Champagne", a common noun, comes from a ______.（）A. name of a personB. name of a placeC. name of a bookD. tradenameKey: B p7044. The prefix "un-" in the word "unwrap"is a ______ prefix.Key: reversative53. blending2011年4月10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced through ______ .( )A. affixationB. clippingC. compoundingD. shorteningKey: A11. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called ______. ( )A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversionKey: D12. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______. ( )A. back-formationB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixationKey: A34. The process of changing the word "possible" into "impossible" is called _________.Key: prefixation47. Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent from initial letters. Is there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with examples.Key: p6650. Comment on the following groups to illustrate the difference between partial and full conversion.地址：北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话:(010)82335555 -第 6 页共10 页-Group 1: "white — a white, final — finals"Group 2: "rich — the rich, wounded — the wounded"Key: p582011年7月1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are（）A. primary and secondaryB. central and peripheralC. diachronic and synchronicD. formal and functional2. Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?（）A. ColloquialB. SlangC. NegativeD. Literary3. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:（）A. absolute and relativeB. absolute and completeC. relative and nearD. complete and identical4. In the early period of Middle English, English,（）existed side by side.A. Celtic and DanishB. Danish and FrenchC. Latin and CelticD. French and Latin5. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single （）morpheme.A. formalB. concreteC. freeD. bound6. Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?（）A. croak, drumB. squeak, bleatC. buzz, neighD. bang, trumpet7. LDCE is distinctive for its（）A. clear grammar codesB. usage notesC. language notesD. all of the above8. From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to（）A. GermanB. FrenchC. ScottishD. Irish9. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?（）A. TOEFLB.ODYSSEYC. BASICD. CCTV10. In the course book, the author lists（）types of context clues for inferring word meaning.A. eightB. sixC. sevenD. five地址：北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话:(010)82335555 -第7 页共10 页-11. Sources of homonyms include（）A. changes in sound and spellingB. borrowingC. shorteningD. all of the above12. The written form of English is a(an)（）representation of the spoken form.A. selectiveB. adequateC. imperfectD. natural13. Structurally a（）is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.A. morphemeB. stemC. wordD. compound14. Unlike affixes,（）are often free morphemes.A. suffixesB. prefixesC. inflectional morphemesD. roots15. The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French, Latin,（）A. Scandinavian and ItalianB. Greek and ScandinavianC. Celtic and GreekD. Italian and SpanishⅡ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is___________.17. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a___________ dictionary.18. When a new word appears for the first time, the author usually manages to give hints or ___________ in the context to help the readers.19. Radiation and ___________ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy.20. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to___________.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) word origin, 2) word formation, and 3) types of synonyms or antonyms. (10%)A B( ) 21. skill A. back-formation( ) 22. babysit B. blending( ) 23. telequiz C. French origin( ) 24. composition/compounding D. Scandinavian origin( ) 25. government E. clipping( ) 26. same/ different F. relative synonyms( ) 27. gent G. Germanic( ) 28. English H. absolute synonyms地址：北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话:(010)82335555 -第8 页共10 页-地址：北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话:(010)82335555 -第 9 页共 10 页-( ) 29. change/ alter I. Contradictory terms ( ) 30. big/ smallJ. contrary termsⅣ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings, 3) processes of meaning development, and 4) formation of compounds. (10%)31. neck →primary meaning: that part of man joining the head to the body;a secondary meaning: the narrowest part of anything. ( ) 32. contradict ( ) 33. mother: love, care ( ) 34. upcoming ( ) 35. window shopping ( ) 36. radios( ) 37. property developer( ) 38. candidate →earlier meaning: white-robed;later meaning: a person proposed for a place, award etc. ( ) 39. handsome ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧m an typewriter overcoat( )40. northward ( )Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%) 41. encyclopedia42. borrowed words 43. blending 44. extension 45. phrasal verbⅥ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples. 47. What is extra-linguistic context? 48. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points.Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you to work out the meaning.Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in the street and ate it.50. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.地址：北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话:(010)82335555 -第10 页共10 页-。

词汇学第四章考试题

CHAPTER 41. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on_______.A. borrowingB. word-formationC. conversionD. the number of the people speaking English2. _______ doesn't belong to the most productive means of word-formation.A. AffixationB. CompoundingC. ConversionD. Blending3. Conversion gives us _______ of the new vocabulary.A. 30%B. 28%C. 26%D. 28% to 30%4. Word formation excludes _______.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration5. The most productive word formation are _______.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. all the above6. Of the following word-formation processes, _______ is the most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. derivation7. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______.A. compoundingB. affixationC. conversionD. shortening8. The prefixes in the words of irresistible, nonclassical and apolitical are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixes9. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or _______ to stems.A. affixesB. suffixes and prefixesC. inflectional affixesD. derivational affixes10. The words formed by affixation are called _______.A. affixesB. derivationsC. derivativesD. derivationals11. According to the _______ which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation.A. functionsB. positionsC. waysD. none of the above12. Prefixes do not generally change the _______ of the stem but only modify its meaning.A. word-classB. meaningC. formD. structure13. Accordingly, prefixes are classified on a semantic basis into _______ groups.B. 8D. 1014. These are negative prefixes except _______.A. dis-B. in-C. non-D. under-15. "Ex-" in the word "ex-prisoner" is _______.A. free rootB. bound rootC. inflectional affixD. derivational affix16. All of the following are pejorative prefixes except _______.A. mal-B. arch¬C. pseudo-D. mis-17. The "de -" in "decompose" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefix18. The prefixes contained in the following words are called _______: pseudo, friend, malpractice, mistrust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes19. The prefixes in words anti-government, pro-student and contraflow are _______.A. prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes20. The prefixed contained in unwrap, de-compose and disallow are _______.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes21. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and archbishop are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes22. A subcutaneous infection is _______ the skin.A. on the surface ofB. aboveC. underD. below23. Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _______.A. activeB. passiveC. lazyD. diligent24. _______ of the given prefixes indicates number.A. fore-B. anti-C. semi-D. pan-25. The primary function of suffixes is to _______.A. change the word-class of rootsB. change the meaning of stemsC. change the grammatical function of stemsD. change the structure of roots26. The "auto" in "autobiography" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. a miscellaneous prefix27. The prefixes in words bilingual, uniform and hemisphere are _______.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes28. _______ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and forehead.A. Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size29. The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes30. Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes31. Which of the following prefixes can not be used to indicate time and orderA. Ex-.B. Fore-.C. Post-.D. Para-.32. Which of the following is a case of suffixationA. HemisphereB. AttemptC. NATOD. Respondent33. A multiplied insect has _______ feet.A. twoB. fourC. sixD. many34. A tricycle has _______ wheels.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. Four35. Which of the following belongs to number prefixesA. Auto-.B. Mis-.C. Hemi-.D. Pre-.36. We usually group suffixes on a _______ basis into noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc.A. grammatical C. meaningfulB. structural D. practical37. -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let are all suffixes added to noun bases to produce _______ nouns.A. abstract C. concreteB. de-verbal D. de-adjective38. These are adjective suffixes except _______.A. -ishB. -iveC. -aiD. -ance39. The word "courageous" is created by _______.A. noun suffixesB. adverb suffixesC. adjective suffixesD. verb suffixes40. The meanings of "comic" and "comical" are _______.A. sameB. identicalC. similarD. different41. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectivesA. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.42. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _______.A. -fulB. -wiseC. -lessD. -like43. _______ of the following is not a verb suffix.A. -ateB. -enC. -ed44. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes45. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes46. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _______ aspects.A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above47. There are _______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. fourC. threeD. five48. " Washing machine" is a word formed by _______.A. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blending49. "Law-abiding" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above50. "up-bringing" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundB. verb compound D. none of the above51. Verb compounds are created either through _______ or _______.A. affixation; conversionB. clipping; affixationC. conversion; backformationD. backformation; borrowing52. Which of the following is not through backformationA. To mass-produce.B. To lip-read.C. To nickname.D. To chain-smoke.53. Conversion is a method _______.A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speechB. of converting words of one meaning into different meaningC. of deriving words through grammatical meansD. of changing words in morphological structure54. In a derivational process, an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. The name is _______.A. full conversionB. partial conversionC. functional shiftD. zero-derivation55. Words involved in conversion are primarily _______.A. nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD. adjectives, adverbs and verbs56. Almost all monomorphemic _______ can be conversed into nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways.A. verbsB. adjectivesC. adverbsD. prepositions57. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as _______.A. partial conversionB. full conversionC. speech shiftD. grammatical shift58. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with _______.A. plural formsB. single formsC. adjectivesD. definite articles59. In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb _______.A. with some changesB. without any changeC. with some changes in spellingD. without any change in pronunciation60. The "house" in "the peasant housed him" belongs to the conversion _______.A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above61. The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function62. "Empty" in the sentence "The meeting was over and the meeting-room began to empty" is _______.A. adjectiveB. verbC. nounD. four63. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clippingA. Dorm.B. Motel.C. Gent.D. Zoo.64. _______ are words pronounced letter by letter.A. InitialismsB. AcronymsC. BlendsD. Clips65. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.A. UNB. NATOC. BASICD. UNESCO66. "BBC" is formed in the way of _______.A. acronymyB. clippingC. back-formationD. prefixation67. "TV" is a (n) _______.A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound68. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______.A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymy D- conversion69. Back-formation is the method of creating new words by _______ the supposed suffixes. ( )A. removingB. combiningC. shorteningD. considering70. Back-formation usually involves _______ types of words.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. two71. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely some of them have not gained public acceptance.A. formalB. adjectivesC. human nounsD. informal72. The word "sandwich" which now denotes a popular fast food originates from _______.A. FaradayB. John MontagueC. BloomersD. Thomas More73. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. trade-names74. Rugby, afghan and champagne are words coming from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames75. Utopia, odyssey and Babbit are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames76. Which of the following words is NOT from ChineseA. Tea.B. Ketchup.C. Kungfu.D. Czar.77. Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames78. _______ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear, me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations79. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______A. compoundingB. affixationC. conversionD. shortening80. The prefixes mal- in maltreat, mis- in misleading and pseudo- in pseudo- scientific are ______ prefixes.A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative81. The prefixes like un- and dis- can be regarded both as negative prefixes and as privative prefixes. The justification of their category lies in _______.A. meaningB. functionC. collocationD. word-class82. Some prefixes are categorized as _______ since their chief function is to change the base from one word class to another.A. conversion prefixesB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. inflectional prefixesD. prefixes of time and order83. The word employer is composed of " employ+er", of which -er is the so-called _______ suffix.A. verbB. deverbal nounC. denominalD. denominal noun84. As a suffix, _______ means "receiver of the action".A. -eerB. -essC. -erD. -ee85. The suffix -or in actor is a(n) _______ suffix and -ance in performance is a(n) _______noun suffix.A. concrete; concreteB. abstract; concreteC. abstract; abstractD. concrete; abstract86. The suffix -ful in mouthful is a suffix and in graceful is a _______ suffix.A. denominal adjective; denominal adjectiveB. denominal noun; denominal adjectiveC. denominal noun; denominal nounD. denominal adjective; denominal noun87. Of the three words, _______ refers to the physical or heroic qualities of a man, _______ is applied to nonhumans and _______ implies unwelcome masculine attributes usually in a woman.A. manly; manlike; mannishB. manly; mannish; manlikeC. mannish; manlike; manlyD. mannish; manly; manlike88. The pattern of deadline and blueprint is _______ in formation.A. n. + n.B. n. + v.C. adj. + n.D. adj. + v.89. The grammatical relationship between the elements in fist-fighting is _______.A. subject-}-verbB. verb+objectC. verb ~h adverbialD. subject+adverbial90. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs usually involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function91. Through _______, we get lip-read out of lip-reading.A. lexicalizatjonB. conversionC. rearrangementD. backformation92. The process in which nouns converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does is called a _______ conversion.A. functionalB. fullC. partialD. miscellaneous93. The word motel comes from "motor-f-hotel". This is an example of _______ in terms of word formation.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym94. The words socio-linguistic and psycho-analysis are _______ according to the bases with which they are coined.A. compoundsB. blendsC. derivativesD. acronyms96. The case of exec derived from executive is an instance of _______ clipping.A. frontB. backC. front and backD. phrase97. AIDS, which is an instance of _______, is short for "acquired immune deficiency syndrome".A. pure acronymsB. hybrid acronymsC. syllabic acronymsD. initialisms98. The word medicare comes from "medical+care", so its structure is _______.A. head+wordB. word+tailC. head+headD. head+tail99. Almost all the back-formed words are _______.A. nounsB. verbsC. adjectivesD. adverbs100. Words produced through affixation constitute _______ of all the new words.A. 20% to 30%B. 30% to 40%C. 40% to 50%D. 10% to 20%101. The most productive word formation is _______.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. acronymy102. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on . [ ]A. word-formationB. prefixationC. suffixationD. compounding103. _______ is the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.A. PrefixationB. DerivationC. SuffixationD. Compounding104. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: _______ and _______.A. clipping, blendingB. compounding, conversionC. conversion, derivationD. prefixation, suffixation105. We shall classify prefixes on semantic basis intoA. sevenB. eightC. nineD. eleven106. The prefix "pseudo" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a reversative prefixC. a locative prefixD. a pejorative prefix107. The "de-" in "decompose" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. an orientation prefix108. The chief function of prefixation is to _______.A. change meanings of the stemB. change the word-class of the stemC. change grammatical functionD. all the above109. The "auto" in "autobiography" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a locative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. a miscellaneous prefix110. The chief function of suffixation is to _______.A. change meanings of the stemB. change the word class of the stemC. change the lexical meaningD. all the above111. The word "courageous" is created by _______.A. noun suffixesB. adverb suffixesC. adjective suffixesD. verb suffixes112. The meanings of "comic" and "comical" are _______.A. sameB. identicalC. similarD. different113. For the word "political”, its negative form is " _______.A. apoliticalB. ilpoliticalC. inpoliticalD. impolitical114. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _______.A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above115. _______ is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.A. SuffixationB. CompositionC. ConversionD. Clipping116. " Law-abiding" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above117. "Sit-in" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above118. "up-bringing" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above119. Verb compounds are created either through _______ or _______.A. affixation/conversionB. clipping/affixationC. conversion/backformationD. back-formation/borrowing120. In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on _______ whereas in noun phrase _______ is generally stressed if there is only one stress.A. the first element/the second elementB. the second element/the first elementC. the first element/the first elementD. the second element/the second element121. Most compounds consist of only _______ stems.A. threeB. twoC. fourD. five122. Words mainly involved in conversion are _______.A. nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD. adjectives, adverbs and verbs123. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called _______.A. full conversionB. partial-conversionC. semantic shiftD. zero-derivation124. The "house" in "the peasant housed him" belongs to the conversion _______.A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above125. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as _______.A. partial conversionB. full conversionC. functional shiftD. grammatical shift126. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with _______.A. plural formsB. single formsC. adjectivesD. definite articles127. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function128. Words produced by conversion are primarily _______.A. nounsB. adjectivesC. verbsD. all the above129. The most productive conversion is the conversion that takes place _______.A. between nouns and verbsB. between nouns and adjectivesC. between verbs and adjectivesD. none of the above130. The overwhelming majority of blends are _______.A. verbsB. nounsC. adjectivesD. adverbs131. Back-formation is therefore the method of creating words by _______ the supposed suffixes.A. removingB. shorteningC. addingD. writing132. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______.A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion133. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on_______.A. the grammatical functionB. the pronunciation of the wordsC. the spelling wayD. none of the above134. Word formation excludes _______.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration135. Which of the following is a case of suffixationA. Hemisphere.B. Disunite.C. NATO.D. Respondent.136. A tricycle has _______ wheels.A. twoB. fourC. sixD. three137. The prefixes in the words*, irresistible, non-classical and apolitical are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes138. Rugby, afghan and champagne are words coming from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames139. Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _______ .A. activeB. passiveC. lazyD. diligent140. Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC, prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes141. _______are words pronounced letter by letterA. InitialismsB. AcronymsC. BlendsD. Compounds142. What does the neo-mean in neo-NaziA. Old.B. Poor.C. New.D. Rich.143. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clippingA. Dorm.B. Slurb.C. Gent.D. Zoo.144. Which of the following belongs to number prefixesA. Fore-.B. Pro-.C. Hemi-.D. Pre-.145. There are _______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. fourC. threeD. five146. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames147. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes148. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes149. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.A. UNB. NATOC. BASICD. UNESCO150. Of the following word-formation processes, is the _______ most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. affixation151. The prefixes in words neo-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes152. Which of the following words is NOT from ChineseA. Tea.B. Ketchup.C. Kungfu.D. Czar.153. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectivesA. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.154. Utopia, odyssey and Babbit are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames1. Affixes and compounding processes may become _______ on one time.2. Not all the words that are produced by applying the word-forming rule are _______ .3. Words produced through compounding yields _______ of all the new word.4. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called _______.5. _______ is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.6. The majority of prefixes are _______ by their non-class-changing nature.7. Affixation, also called _______, is one of the word formations.8. Derivational affixes can be further divided into _______ and suffixes.9. Prefixes are those affixes that added to the head of words, which primarily change the _______ of the stem.10. The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called _______.11. The chief function of _______ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change its meaning.12. Suffixation is the formation of new word by adding _______ to stems.13. In the word "post-war" , "post-" is a prefix of _______.14. Compounding is the formation of new words by joining _______.15. Compounds and derived words are _______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.16. The open _______ are the same in form as free phrases.17. The stress patterns of compounds are not _______.18. Compounds are different from free phrases in _______ unit.19. A compound tends to play a single _______ role in a sentence.20. An alternative for conversion is _______.21. _______ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.22. Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns, which are _______ related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al.23. Such words as "the richer”, "the poor”, "the most corrupt" are all examples of _______.24. The words "autocide" and "telex" are formed by _______.25. With the development of market economy psywar becomes more and more popular. "Psywar" means _______.26. _______ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.27. A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.28. _______ is the process of forcing new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special phrases and technical terms.29. _______ is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.30. A word is the _______ of form and meaning.31. Modern English expands its vocabulary chiefly through _______.32. The three main means of creating new words in modern English are _______, compounding and conversion.33. Shortening including clipping and _______ is also a way of forming new words in modern English.34. Affixation falls into two subcategories prefixation and _______.35. Affixation is also known as _______.36. The prefixes bi-, multi- and tri- are all _______ prefixes.37. Compounds can be written solid, _______ and open.38. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and _______ as a single word.39. The words sit-in and handshake are both _______ compounds.40. Verb compounds are generally created either through _______or back-formation.41. Compounds are largely the results of _______ of phrases.42. If we need a word which is not found, we can easily make one through _______ or rearrangement of word-forming elements.43. Conversion is also known as _______ since it does not change the morphological structure of words but their function.44. Regarded as a derivational process without the addition of an affix, conversion can be called as _______.45. Words formed through acronymy can be divided into _______ and acronyms depending on the pronunciation of the words.46. Such words as goody-goody, willy-nilly and fiddle-faddle are known as _______ in terms of word formation.47. The process is called _______ when proper names are changed into common words in use.48. Words like nylon, orlon and rayon come from _______, a type of proper names.。

英语词汇学各章试题(卷)

英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure orforms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history ofthe form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis,syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user ’s choices oflinguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form ,meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplinesand academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members ofparticular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category thatseems to stand between the standard general words including informalones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined tothe sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD.policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectalwords12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use butare now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great9. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words thathave taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good10. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal11. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, theyare also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressionsaccording to the course book.12.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and_____of words.13.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.14. English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such asmorphology, ______,etymology, stylistics, ________.15. There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namelysynchronic and _______.16. Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammarand_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic wordstock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowedwords 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail13. Collocbility( ) B. aught14. Jargon( ) C. por15. Argot ( ) D. upon16.Notional words( ) E. hypo17. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart18. Aliens ( ) G. man19. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip20. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh21. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2)types of nonbasic vocabulary.22. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )17. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )23. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CI. 16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics,lexicography19.diachronic20. vocabularyII. 21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIII. 31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I( 练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.18.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can begrouped into the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 200019.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed20.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French21.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism22.In the 9 th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders,many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian23.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 90024.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flowof ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin25.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12 thB. 13 thC. 14 thD.15 th26.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller27.The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech,Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian28.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derivedfrom the dead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek29.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic30.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belongto the Italic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon31.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic,Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic32.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power andmany of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10 thB.11 thC.12 thD. 13 thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.33.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.34.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.35.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present_____ language.36.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into anEastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic,_______.37.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of thewords 2)history off English development 3) language family.A B38. Celtic ( ) A.politics39. religious ( ) B.moon40.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian41. French ( ) D.London42. Old English ( ) E. abbot43.Dutch ( ) F. skirt44.Middle English ( ) G. sunu45. Modern English ( ) H. lernen46. Germanic family ( ) I. freight47.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.48. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )24. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )38. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )40. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )41. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.42. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.51. Describe the characteristics of Old English .52. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.53. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.54. What are the three main sources of new words ?55. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII. 16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III. 21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV. 31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root25.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1) The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2) Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3) The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.39. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration,carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II （练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.49.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes50.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo -friend, mal practice,mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes51.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes52.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes53.The prefixes in words bi lingual , uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes54.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A. Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size55.Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames56.Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames57.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes58.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames59.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes60.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A. prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes61.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames62.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes63.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.64.Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivationalaffixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems .Words formed in this way are called _________.66. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.67. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part ofanother word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original andusing what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B26. Concrete denominal noun suffixes ( ) A. priceless27. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward28. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.) ( ) C. engineer29. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action, etc) （） D. darken30. De-adjective noun suffixes （）Ｅviolinist31. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness32. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable33. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent34. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood35. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types ofacronymy and write the full terms.36.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )40. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V. Define the following terms .42. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.43. What are the characteristics of compounds ?44. What are the main types of blendings ?45. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:46. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf —loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse —drowsy laze---lazy47. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :56. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake68. Back clipping, stereophonic69.Front and back clipping, influenza70.Phrase clipping, public house71. Initialisms, care of72. Acronyms, Victory Day73. Initialisms, tuberculosis74. Back clipping, discotheque75. Front clipping, helicopter76. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives37. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun (4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning ( 练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternativeanswers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.77. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting78._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objectiveworld in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context79.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside80. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related81.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD.etymologically82.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically83.In the sentence ‘He is fond of pen ’, pen is a ______ motivatedword.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically84.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically85.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content wordshave both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning86.___is unstable, varying considerably according to culture,historical period, and the experience of the individual.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocativemeaning D. Affective meaning87.Affective meaning indicates the speaker ’s _______towards theperson or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudesD. understanding88.___ are affective words as they are expressions of emotionssuch as oh, dear me, alas .A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD.Explanations89.It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affectivemeanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meaningsare revealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning90.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. differentwords91.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specificcountryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.92.In modern English one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and themeanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.94._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by theconceptual meaning of a word.95.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______.In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of theword.96.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptualmeaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B97. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear98.Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny99. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender100. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss101. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic102. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)103. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail104. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home105. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug106. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.107. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )38. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )41. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )108. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )IV. Define the following terms .42. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45.affective meaningV. Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.43. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VI. Analyze and comment on the following.48. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.49. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:57. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B2.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CI. 16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaning II. 21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIII. 31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation7. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation12. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning41. Affective meaning 38. pejorative51. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VII. 49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1) Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptualmeaning, traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother ,denoting a ‘f emale parent ’, is often associated with ‘l ove ’,‘c are ’, etc..(2) Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features,which make them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have thesame conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3) Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker ’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example,famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotationsimplying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4) Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In otherwords, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don ’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there issome overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field ( 练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.109.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages110.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional111._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection112. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its firstsense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense thatis finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation113.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage114.________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms115. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy116._________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/;bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms117. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms118.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms119.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms121.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms122.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning123.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.。

英语词汇学及答案

英语词汇学第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms（10％）21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The ‘pen' is mightier than the ‘sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.英语词汇学第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D 10. B11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或 pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I 22. C 23. F 24. B 25. E26. D 27. J 28. G 29. H 30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点： Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖 iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分 )2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.。

英语词汇学自考真题及答案

英语词汇学自考真题及答案第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第节(共10小题:每小题13分。

共15分)阅读下面短文，草握其大意，从母题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项徐黑。

Recenly,1ok atupP lome by rain.!got a seat oppesite a middk-aged man with shap ers,who kept_L ayoung woman inawindow s wibh a litle boy on her lap The woman's ee fll on the man's foce,and she inmedazelooked down and 1 her searf.A the night wore en,people bega to close their es,but tbe scas ware 0 uncomforuble hual oay a very heaysleper could managto gat amy_3 The woma loked ouer a the ma.He was sill staning a hber.She lokod backa him with fire in her gcs.I的bgpiningogt_4 10.Tho traiu movod m Tho liule boy店，awake on his motbar's lep,but te wom dopped ol to socep.momstlaer,bhe bega o_6 the blfopoa window o leg went over it.The ma jumped up and 2 the。

”child just before he fell out.Th__woke up the woman She smedlobe in_9 and thea ralilydasned(品观:Your child hasbcan loking for am pprumity to climb out of the window,"the man said遇he gane the child buck 0o har.So Ihave bocawarching the whole time"The womms_10__and s0 was L1.A guidingB.boiheringC.waichingD.maitoring2.A.adjustedB.chagedC.pasledD.waned3.A.airB.jovc.spaceD.rest4.A.noervoun.B.embarasedC.amngryD.dsppointed5.A.almostB.silC.hadlyD.wanB.climbC.knockD.push7.A.yrabbedB.rockedC.toucbedD.picked.8.A.alrmB.qurdlC.riskD.noise9.A.soowB.rclefC.panieD.pain10.A.atonishedB.confusdcemedD.inspied第二节(其10小题:每小题15分。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。

7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。

8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。

9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。

10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。

三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。

13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。

15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。

参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。

12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。

例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。

2024年自考-自考专业(英语)-英语词汇学考试历年真题常考点试题带答案集锦

2024年自考-自考专业(英语)-英语词汇学考试历年真题常考点试题带答案（图片大小可任意调节）第1卷一.单选题(共25题)1.We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A. datedB.datingingD.kept2.To write up his novel, John is looking for an environment free ________ outside distraction.A. onB.withC.fromD.in3.Happiness doesn ’t alway s _______ money.A.go throughB.go in forC.go withD.go over4.Modern economics ________ the country ’s agricultural policies.A.undergoesB.understandsC.underliesD.undertakes5.Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary ’ , 3rd Edition (1980), is among the best-known British ______ dictionaries.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.bilingual6.The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______ .A.EuropeB.the Far EastC.IndiaD.the Near East7.From the viewpoint of word formation, the word “ smog” is a ______.poundB.conversionC.clippingD.blending8.“ Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc. ” make up the ______ of “ fruit ”.A.synonymsB.homonymsC.superordinate termD.semantic field9.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features ofwords.B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.C.Affective meaning indicates the listener ’ s attitude towards the person or thing in questionD.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.10.Perseverance is a kind of quality and that is _______ it takes to do anything well.A. whatB.thatC.whichD.why11.You should help them ________ when your friends quarrel with each other.e into sighte to termse into play12.A good worker in a key spot could, so _______ as he kept up production, take all the coffee breaks he wanted.A.longB.shortC.muchD.little13.The professor worked for 7 hours at a ________.A.stretchB.extendC.expandD.prolong14.In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______in which it occurs.A.structureB.sentenceC.phraseD.clause15.Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A. looking upB.looking throughC.looking intoD.looking on16.Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?A.DefinitionB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy.17.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has some unique features such as definition, extra column and ______.A. pronunciationB.grammar codesage examplesnguage codes18.If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get ________.B.confusedC.confirmedD.convinced19.Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A.pushB.provideC.turnD.set20.The word “minister” originally meant“a servant”, but now has changed to“a head ofa ministry ”. This process of meaning change is called ______ .A.extensionB.elevationC.degradationD.specialization21.We cannot leave this tough job to a person ________.A.who nobody has confidenceB.in whom nobody has confidenceC.for whom nobody has confidenceD.who everyone has confidence of22.Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?A.NorthwardB.WidenC.HappyD.Worker.23.How many monomorphemic words are there in the following words? cats boss work improper triedA.1B.2C.3D.424.Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?A.Cultural reason.B.Historical reasonC.Class reasonD.Psychological reason25.When a reader comes across the word “ home” in his reading, the word may remind him of his “ family, friends, warmth, safety, etc. ” In this sense, the word “ home” conveys ______.A.connotative meaningB.stylistic meaningC.affective meaningD.collocative meaning第2卷一.单选题(共25题)1.There is an ambiguity in the sentence “ He is a hard businessman ” due to ______.A.polysemyB.homonymyC.synonymyD.antonymy2.He ________ his poor judgment ________ Jet Lag.A.blamed ... forB.blamed ... toC.blamed ... onD.blamed ... at3.______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.A.DegradationB.ElevationC.ExtensionD.Specilization4.It took a few seconds for her eyes to ________ to the darkness.A.allocateB.adoptC.applyD.adjust5.One can figure out the meaning of “ airmail ” to be “ mail by air ” by its ______.A.onomatopoeic motivationB.morphological motivationC.semantic motivationD.etymological motivation6.Parents, teachers in schools and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of ________ our potential interests.A.raisingB.risingC.arousingD.arising7.It has been years ________ I returned home.A.afterB.thatC.sinceD.when8.We are interested in the weather because it _______ us so directly—what we wear, what we do and even how we feel.A.benefitsB.affectsC.guidesD.effects9.Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______.A. spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionD.syntactical rules10.Lexical manipulation is one aspect of the rhetorical features of idioms. The following EXCEPT ______ belong to lexical manipulation.A.alliterationB.reiterationC.repetitionD.juxtaposition11.Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called ______.A.perfect homonymsB.homographsD.homonyms12.Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each and function as a noun in sentences.A.verbB.adjectiveC.prepositionD.noun13.Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese?A.BazaarB.KowtowC.RajahD.Blitzkrieg14.—David has made great progress recently. — _______，and _______.A.So he has；so you haveB.So he has；so have youC.So he has；so do youD.So has he；so you have15.The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______ .A.fireB.hotC.photoscanningD.sister16.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?A.The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.B.The constituents of idioms can eplaced. ’ t be rC.The word order in an idiom can ’ t be changed.D.An idiom functions as one word.17.Among the following words, “ ______ ” contains a negative prefix.A.amoralB.de-composeC.antiwarD.foretell18.A mong the following words, “ ______ ” does NOT have inflectional affixes.A. likedB.children’sC.happierD.it’s19.Which of the following is partially converted?A. A whiteB.A drunkC.The poorD.Finals20.Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary?A.The rapid development of modern science and technology.B.Social, economic and political changesC.The invasion of foreign countries.D.The influence of other cultures and languages.21.He insured his car ________ he had an accident.A. unlessB.ifC.sinceD.in case22.“Woman” becomes “ Frau” in German, “femme” in French and “f ùnǔ” in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______ .A. soundsB.formsC.unitiesD.meanings23.The differences between synonyms exist in the following areas EXCEPT ______.A.denotationB.connotationC.referenceD.application24.Washing the food down with water as a substitute ________ chewing is not a good habitA.ofB.forC.to25.What he told us was more of a(n) ________ than a reality.A.illusionB.demonstrationC.illustrationD.reputation第1卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： B本题解析：本句中含有 be+of+n. 这个结构。

英语词汇学第九单元测试题2附答案

C9 Test-2I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.1. The fixity of idioms depe nds on _______ .A. idiomaticityB. structureC. grammaticalityD. style2. Idioms are gen erally felt to be ______ .A. formalB. i nformalC. casualD. in timate3. In the idiom move heaven and earth , ________ is used.A. simileB. metonymyC. pers on ificati onD. juxtapositi on4. A large proporti on of idioms were first created by ______ .A. li nguistsB. poetsC. work ing peopleD. ruli ng class5. Forms and functions of idioms are ______ .A. differe ntB. ide nticalC. not n ecessarily ide nticalD. not ide ntical at all6. Slang expressi ons are ofte n peculiar to _ and _______ varieties.A. stylistic, affectiveB. social, regi onalC. professi on al, culturalD. cultural, social7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the ____ relationship between the literal meaning of eachword and the meaning of the idiom.A. illogicalB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. logical8. Idioms nominal in n ature fun cti on as ______ .A. adverbsB. modifiersC. nounsD. adjectives9. In “ Fire and water are good serva nts, but bad masters speech isfigure ofA. simileB. pers oni ficati onC. metonymyD. euphemism10. The tone implied by “ a big cheese . ” isA. positiveB. in terest ingC. n eutralD. derogatory11. Decide whether the following are true or false.( )1. Idioms are gen erally felt to be in formal; therefore they are usually in appropriate for formal setti ngs. ( )2. The stylistic features of idioms are fixed and unchangeable.( )3. Idioms are peculiar to native culture and Ianguage.( )4. The fixity of idioms is absolute.( )5. The idiomaticity is gradable and may best be thought in terms of a scale.( )6. Idioms are fixed in structure and so can never be changed.( )7. Idioms are usually difficult to understand because the meanings of idioms are not in many cases the total of in dividual words.( )8. All idioms are used in their figurative senses.( )9. Since each idiom is a semantic whole, each can be replaced by a single word.( )10.Sema ntic un ity and structural stability are gen eral features of idioms, but there are many excepti ons.III. Match the words and expressions in Column A with their rhetorical features in Column B.Column A1. by hook and crook2. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl3. play fast and loose4. like a rat in a hole5. fall into good hands6. cut the ground from under sb.7. powder one 's nose8. from cradle to grave9. push and shove10. year in year out11. The pot calls the kettle black.12. a flood of tearsIV. Identify the types of idiomatic variationsin the following expressions.1. talk thirteen to the dozen2. It 's an ill wind.3. fortune 's wheel4. “The leopard! But he did change them, Dinny. ”“He did not, Auntie: he had no spots to change.” 5. Thank one 's starsV.Define the following terms. 1.semi-idioms 2.true idioms 3.regular combinations 4.sentence idioms 5. phrase idiomsVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.1. What is the difference between phraseological fusions and phraselogical unities?2. How to understand “ structural staboiliftyidioms? ”3. How are idioms classified according to grammatical functions?VII. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Conway would have preferred to talk in Chinese, but so far he had not let it be known that he spoke anyEastern tongue; he felt it might be a useful card up his sleeve.Pick out the idiom (or its variation) in the sentence and make comments on it.2. The sudden death of his only child was a bolt from the blue to the old woman.Pick out the idiom in the sentence. Explain its meaning, effect, grammatical structure and functions, and rhetorical features.Column B A. reiteration B. synecdoche C. rhyme D. personification E. hyperbole F. alliteration G. juxtaposition H. repetition I. euphemism J. metaphor K. simile L. metonymy答案：I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A2.B3.D4.C5.C6. B7.A8.C9.B 10.DII. Decide whether the following are true or false.1.T2. F3.T4.F5.T6. F7.T8.F9.F 10.TIII. Match the words and expression in Column A with their rhetorical features in Column B.1. C2. F3.G4. K5. B6. J7.I 8. L 9. A 10. H 11. D 12.EIV. Identify the variation types about idioms involved in the following words and expressions.1. replacement2. shortening3. position-shifting4. dismembering5. deletionV. Define the following terms.1. semi-idiomsSemi-idioms are the idioms whose meanings are in a way related to the meanings of the constituents but are not themselves explicit.2. true idiomsTrue idioms are those whose meaning cannot be deduced from their individual constituents.3. regular combinationsRegular combinations are idioms whose meanings are understood from the literal meanings of the constituents.4. sentence idiomsSentence idioms are mainly proverbs and sayings, including colloquialisms and catchphrases. Each functions as a sentence.5. phrase idiomsPhrase idioms are lexemic idioms, each of which is identical with a part of speechas noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc. and functions as such.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.1. What is the difference between phraseological fusions and phraselogical unities?Phraseological unities refer to idioms, whose meanings are not the sum of meanings of their components but based on them, and thus may be understood from the components.Phraseological fusions are idioms, the meanings of which can never be deduced from the meanings of their constituents.2. What is meant by“structural stability”of idioms?The structure of an idiom is to a large extent invariable, unlike free phrases. First, the constituents of idioms cannot be replaced. Secondly, the word order cannot be inverted or changed. Thirdly, the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to, not even an article. Finally, many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.3. How are idioms classified according to grammatical functions?According to grammatical functions, idioms may be classified into five groups: idioms nominal in nature, idioms adjectival in nature, idioms verbal in nature, idioms adverbial in nature, and sentence idioms.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Conway would have preferred to talk in Chinese, but so far he had not let it be known that he spoke any Eastern tongue; he felt it might be a useful card up his sleeve.Pick out the idiom (or its variation) in the sentence and make comments on it.“be a useful card up his sleev”e is a personal variant of“have a card up one's sleeve”. The variation belongs to the type of dismembering. It is well used here to indicate that Conway is a person of wisdom, knowing how to take the advantage of the situation and manipulate people.2. The sudden death of his only child was a bolt from the blue to the old woman.Pick out the idiom in the sentence. Explain its meaning, effect, grammatical structure and functions, and rhetorical features.(1) The idiom is“a bolt from the blue.”(2) The idiom means a sudden unexpected incident, esp. a catastrophic one.(3) Its effect is to make the sentence concise and forcible.(4) Its grammatical structure is“n + prep + n”, and it is nominal in nature and serves as the predicative.(5) It is a metaphor.。

英语词汇学试题汇编

英语词汇学试题汇编Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Words and Vocabulary 1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C. Loan words are all unrecognizable as being foreign in origin.D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing. 2. The term "vocabulary "is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that_____.A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. itcan stand for words in a given dialect or field 3. A word is a symbolthat________.A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD. shows different ideas in different sounds 4. Some words in thebasic word stock are said to be stable because they A. are complex words.B. are technical wordC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.5. The basic word stock forms the common____of the language.6. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or____. 7,Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but havelimited_____________概念,jargonChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary1. __is considered to be a highly-inflected language.A Old English B. Middle EnglishC. Early Modem EnglishD. Late Modem English2. The introduction of______ at the end of the'-6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. printing, B Christianity C. French words D. all the above 3. Though still at work today, ___can hardly compare with what it was inthe past.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. derivationD. conversion 4. Early Modern English refers to the language spokenA. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 1800 5. Old English has a vocabulary of about_______words. A. 30,000 to 40,000 B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,000 appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenlysmooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and asclose as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening26. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of___ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin概念,Germanic,Old English简答,Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?Chapter 3 Word Formation I1. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be----- .A. affixationalB. derivationalC. freeD. bound 2. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as____A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes 3. ______are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. Affixes D, Compounds 4. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and____ 5. Almost all affixes are_____________ morphemes because few can be used as independent words.概念,morphs,allomorph,morpheme简答,1。

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英语词汇学试题In troduct ion and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary （练习 1）1. Each of the stateme nts below is followed by four alter native an swers. Choose the one that would best complete the stateme nt.1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _______________ con struct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2. ______ is traditi on ally used for the study of the orig ins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. Sema nticsB. Lin guisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics 3. Moder n En glish is derived from the Ian guage of early ____ tribes.A. GreekB. Roma nC. Italia nD. Germa nic 4. Sema ntics is the study of meaning of differe nt ________ l evels: lexis, syn tax, uttera nee, discourse, etc.A. li nguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. sema ntic 5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user ' choices of lin guistic eleme nts in a particular ________ for special effectsA. situati onB. con textC. timeD. place 6. Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form meaning, origins and usages differe nee.and academic areas.8. _______________ r efers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, scie nces, trades, and professi ons com muni cate among themselves.A. Sla ngB. Jarg onC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot 9 . ________ belongs to the sub-standard Ianguage, a category thatseems to sta nd betwee n the sta ndard gen eral words in clud ing in formal ones available to every one and in-group words.A. Jarg onB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Sla ng 10. Argot gen erally refers to the jarg on of ______ .Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly un dersta nd it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policema n11. ______ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in questio n.A. ArgotB. Sla ngC. Jarg onD. Dialectal wordsof words, but they have a _____________ A . spell ing B. sema ntic 7. Terminology consists of _________ C. pronun ciati on D. pragmatic terms used in particular disciplines A. tech ni cal B. artistic C. differe nt D. academic12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in ________ use butare now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. com monB. littleC. slightD. great 13. Neologisms are n ewly-created words or expressi ons, or words that have take n on ____ meanin gs.A. newB. oldC. badD. good 14. Content words denote clear no ti ons and thus are known as ______ words. They in clude nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and nu merals. A. fun cti onal B. no ti onal C. empty D. formal 15. Fun cti onal words do not have no ti ons of their own. Therefore, they are also called _________words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles bel ong to this category.A. contentB. no ti onalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the followi ng stateme nts with proper words or expressi ons accord ing to the course book.16. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and of words. 17. English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______________ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relatio ns, ___ developme nt, formatio n and _____ . 18. English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, _____ ,etymology, stylistics, _______ . 19. There are gen erally two approaches to the study of words , n amely synchronic and ______ .20. Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar andIII. Match the words or expressi onsin Column A with those in Column B accord ing to 1) basic wordstock and non basic vocabulary 2) content words and fun ctio nal words 3) n ative words and borrowed words 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A21 . Stability ( )22. Collocbility( ) 23. Jargo n( ) 24. Argot ()25. Notio nal words( ) 26. Neologisms ( )27. Alie ns ()28. Sema ntic-loa ns( ) 29. Archaisms ( ) 30. Empty words ( ) IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.BA. E-mailB. aughtC.porD. uponE. hypoF. at heartG. manH. dipI. freshJ. emir31. dog cheap () 32 a cha nge of heart (VI. An swer the follow ing Questi ons46.I llustrate the relati on ship betwee n sound and meaning, sound and form with examples. 47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your poi nts with examples. 48. Give the types of non basic vocabulary with examples. VII. An alyze and comme nt on the follow ing.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pion eer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:I.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B6.D7 A8.B9.D10.B II. D12.A13.A14.B15.CI.16.mea nin gs17.morphological,historical,usageslexicography19.diachr onic20. vocabularyII. 21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.D III.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability 33. the basic word stock; argot 34. non basic word stock; sla ng 35. non basic word stock; jarg on 36. non basic word stock ;term ino logy 37. non basic word stock; dialectal words 38. non basic word stock ,n eologisms 39. non basic word stock; archaisms 40. the basic word stock; polysemy V ——VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Alie ns: bazaar, kowtowTran slati on-loa ns: lama, masterpiece Sema ntic-loa ns:dream, pion eer33. can-ope ner ( ) 34.Roger 35. bottom line ( ) 36.pe nicillin 37. auld ( ) 38. futurology 39.brethre n()40. takeV. Define the following terms.41. word 42. D enizens i 43. Aliens( ) ( ) ( ) ()44. Tran slati on-loa ns 45. Sema ntic-loans18.sema ntics,Chapter 2 The Developme nt of the En glish Vocabulary and Chapter 3Word Formation 1( 练习2)I. Each of the stateme nts below is followed by four alter native an swers. Choose the one that would best completethe stateme nt.1. It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)la nguages, which can be grouped into thebasis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A.500B. 4000C.300D.20002. The prehistoric In do-Europea n pare nt Ian guage is thought to be a highly ____ Ian guage.A. in flectedB. derivedC. developedD. an alyzed3. After the ________ , the Germa nic tribes called An gles ,Sax ons, and Jutes came in great nu mbers.A. GreeksB. In dia nsC. Roma nsD. French4. The in troduct ion of _______ h ad a great impact on the En glish vocabulary.A. Hin duismB. Christia nityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5. In the 9 th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders,many _________ w ords came into the En glish Ian guage.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scan di navia n6. It is estimated that at least _____ words of Scandin avia n orig in have survived in moder n En glish.A. 500B.800C.1000 .D.9007. The Norma ns in vaded En gla nd from France in 1066. The Norma n Conq uest started a con ti nual flowof ______ words into En glish.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8. By the end of the ______ cen tury , En glish gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgover nment and rega ined social status.A. 12 thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9. As a result , Celtic made only a _______ con tributi on to the En glish vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern Ianguages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech,Bulgaria n, Slovenian and ______ .A. GreekB. RomanC. I ndia nD. Russia n11. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead Ianguage.A. Sa nskritB. Lat inC. RomanD. Greek12. Greek is the moder n Ian guage derived from _____ .A. Lat inB. Helle nicC. I ndia n D . Germa nic13. The five Roamance Ianguages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belongto the Italic through an in termediate Ian guage called _____ .A. San skritB. Lat inC. CelticD. An glo-Sax on14. The ________ family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic,Danish and Swedish, which are gen erally known as Scandin avia n Ian guages.A. Germa nicB. I ndo-Europea nC. Alba nianD. Helle nic15. By the end of the ______ cen tury , virtually all of the people who held political or social power andmany of those in powerful Church positi ons were of Norma n French origi n.IV.I. II.A. 10thB.11 thC.12 thD. 13 thII. Complete the followi ng stateme nts with proper words or expressi ons accord ing to the course16. Now people gen erally refer to An glo-Sax on as _____ .17. . If we say that Old En glish was a Ian guage of full endings , Middle En glish was one of ____ .18. It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic Ianguage (Old English) to the present Ianguage.19. The survivi ng Ian guages accord in gly fall into eight prin cipal groups , which can be grouped into anEastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic,20. It is necessary to subdivide Moder n En glish into Early (1500-1700)a nd _______ M oder n English.III. Match the words or expressi ons in Column A with those in Column B accord ing to 1) origi n ofthe words 2)history off En glish developme nt 3) Ian guage family.A B21. Celtic ( ) A.politics22. religious ( ) B.moon23.Sca ndin avia n ( ) C. Persian24. French ( ) D.London25. Old En glish ( ) E. abbot26.Dutch ( ) F. skirt27.MiddIe En glish ( ) G.sunu28. Modern En glish ( ) H. lernen29. Germa nic family ( ) I. freight30.Sa nskrit ( ) J.Norwegia nStudy the follow ing words or expressi ons and ide ntify types of morphemes un derlined.31. earth ( ) 32.co ntradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. an tecede nt ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stemVI. An swer the follow ing questi ons. Your an swers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old En glish .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle En glish.48. Describe the characteristics of Moder n En glish.VII. An swer the follow ing questi ons withexamples.49. What are the three main sources of new words50. How does the moder n En glish vocabularydevelopKey to exercises:present )book.45.affixes1.C2.A3.C4.B5.D6.D7.A8.B9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.B16.OId En glish 17. Leveled endings 18. an alytic 19. Germa nic te(1700-up to the21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. C31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. in fleet ional affix35. prefix 36. In fleet ional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root40. bo und rootV. -VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are : (1) The rapid developme nt of moder n seie nee and tech no logy ,e.g. astrobiology, gree n revoluti on ; (2) Social , econo mic and political eha nges; e.g.Watergate, soy milk;(3)The in flue nee of other cultures and Ian guage; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Moder n En glish vocabulary develops through three cha nn els: (1) creati on, e.g. con siderati on, carefu In ess; (2) sema ntic cha nge, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borr owing ;e.g. tofu, gon gful.III. IV.C. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size 7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________ .A. n ames of booksB. n ames of placesC. n ames of peopleD. trade names8. Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from_____________ .A. n ames of booksB. n ames of placesC. n ames of peopleD. trade names9. Ex -stude nt, fore tell and post -elect ion contain ________ . A. n egative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes 10. Mack in tosh, bloomers and cherub are from ______A. n ames of booksB. n ames of placesC. n ames of peopleD. trade names 11. The prefixes in words n ew -Nazi, autobiography andpan -Europea n are _______ .A. n egative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscella neous prefixes 12. The prefixes in wordsanti -government , pro student and contra flow are _______ -.A. prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orie ntati on and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscella neous prefixes13. Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from _______ .A. n ames of booksB. n ames of placesC. n ames of peopleD. trade names14. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ____ .A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en , symbol ize are ________ . A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the followi ng stateme nts with proper words or expressi ons accord ing to the course book.16. Affixatio n is gen erally defi ned as the formatio n of words by addi ng word-formi ng or derivati onalaffixes to stem. This process is also known as ____ .17. Compo unding , also called _____ , is the formatio n of new words by joi ning two or more stems .1. A.2.3.4.5.A.（练习3）Chapter 3 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II I . Each of the stateme nts below is followed by four alter native an swers. Choose the one that would best complete the stateme nt. The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called ___________ .reversative prefixes B. n egative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixesin the following words are called ____________ : pseudo -friend, mal practice,The prefixes containedmis trust.A. reversative prefixedThe prefixed contained in A. reversative prefixedD. locative prefixesB. n egative prefixesC. pejorative prefixes un wrap, de -compose and dis allow areB. n egative prefixesC. pejorative prefixes arch bishop areC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixesD. locative prefixesThe prefixes in words extra -stro ng, overweight and A . n egative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeThe prefixes in words bi lingual , uni form and hemis phere are _________ .A. nu mber prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6. _______ are contained in words tran s -world, in tra-party andfore head.Prefixes of orie ntati on and attitude B. Prefixes of time and orderWords formed in this way are called _________ .18. ________ is the formatio n of new words by converting words of one class to ano ther class. 19. ________ is the formatio n of new words by combi ning parts of two words or a word plus a part ofano ther word . Words formed in this way are called ble nds or ______ words.20 A com mon way of making a word is to shorte n a Ion ger word by cutt ing a part off the origi nal and using what rema ins in stead. This is called _____ .III. Match the words or expressi ons in Column A with those in Column B accord ing to types of suffixati on.21. Con crete denominal noun suffixes 22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes41. acronymy VI. An swer the follow ing questi ons with examples. 46. What are the characteristics of compo unds ? 47. What are the main types of ble ndings ? 48. What are the main types of compo unds ? VII. An alyze and comme nt on the follow ing:49. Use the follow ing examples to expla in the types of back-formati on. (1) don ate ----don atio n emote----emoti on (2) loaf — loafer beg ---- beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropp ingbabysit---babysitter (4) drowse — drowsylaze---lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I'm very grateful for your help.(2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argume nt contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed. (5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We dow ned a few beers.Key to exercises : 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6.C7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C11.D 12.B 13.A14.C15.BII. 16. derivati on positi on, compo unds 18. Conversion19. Blendin g(porma nteau) 20.clipp ing III. 21.C22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F26.E27.A 28.G29.B30.DIV. 31. Front clipp ing, earthquakeA. pricelessB. dow nward 23. Deverbal noun suffixes(de no ti ng people.)24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( deno ti ng acti on,25. De-adjective noun suffixes26. Noun and adjective suffixes C. engin eeretc)(D. darke nE violi nistF. happ in essG. arguable 28. Deverbal adjective suffixes 29. Adverb suffixes H.depe nde^ I. adulthood IV.V.30. Verb suffixes( Study the following words or expressions acronymy and write the full terms. 31.quake ( )32. stereo ()33. flu ( 36. V-day ()37. TB () 38. disco (Define the followi ng terms .)and J. survivalide ntify 34.pub ()39.copter () 1) types of)35. c/o ( 40.perm (clipping 2) types of42. back-formati on43. in itialisms 44. prefixati on45. suffixati on32. Back clipp ing, stereoph onic33. Fr ont and back clipp ing, in flue nza34. Phrase clipp ing, public house35. In itialisms, care of36. Acrony ms, Victory Day37. In itialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipp ing, discotheque39. Front clipp ing, helicopter40. Phrase clipp ing, perma nent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are main ly four types of back-formatio n.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From huma n nouns (3) From compo und nouns and others (4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscella neous con vers ion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscella neous con vers ion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习 4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. A word is the combination of form and ________ . A. spelling B. writing C. meaning D. denoting 2. ______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. ContextSense denotes the relationships ______ the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. ___________________________________ Most English words can be said to be _____________________________ .A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related 5. _________________ Trumpet is a(n) motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically Hopeless is a _____ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically In the sentence He is fond of pen ', pen is a ________ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologicallyWalkman is a ____ motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically 9. Functional words possess strong ________ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10. __ i s unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning11. Affective meaning indicates the speaker ' ____________ t owards the person or thing in question. A. feeling .B. liking C. attitudes D. understanding 12. __ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas . A. Prepositions B. Interjections C. Exclamations D. Explanations3. 6. 7. 8.13. It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affectivemeanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings arerevealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning14」n the same language, the same concept can be expressed inA. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. different words15. _________________________________________________ Reference is the relationship between language and the _________________ .A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specificcountryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressionsaccording to the course book.16. In modern English one may find some words whose soundssuggest their _____17. Compounds and derived words are _____________ words and themeanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.18. ______ refers to the mental associations suggested by theconceptual meaning of a word.19. The meanings of many words often relate directly to their _____ .In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. 20. Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptualmeaning and .III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types ofmotivati on 2) types of meaning.A B21. Ono motopooeic motivati on ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivati on ( ) C. sle nder24. Conno tative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Sema ntic motivati on ( ) E. lac onic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heave nly body)27. Etymological motivati on ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Con ceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative mea ning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. n eigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. readi ng-lamp ( ) 34. tan talus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )37. dear me ( )38. pigheaded (39. han dsome boy ( )40. dilige nee (IV. V. VI.I. II. III.VII.Define the following terms .41. motivati on 42. grammatical meanings 43. con eeptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45.affective meaningAn swer the follow ing questi ons . Your an swers should be clear and short.46. What is refere nee ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?An alyze and comme nt on the followi ng.49. Study the followi ng words and explain to which type of motivati on they belong.50. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:I. C 2.BII. C 12.B16. meanings21. D 22.A3.D 44 5.C 6A 7.C 8.D 9A 10.B13.D 14.D 15.C17.multi-morphemic 18.Sema ntic motivati on 19.orig ins23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.C31. Ono matopoeic motivation33. Morphological motivation35. Conno tative meaning37. Affective meaning39. collocative meaning V-VI. See the course book.32. Sema ntic motivation34. Etymological motivation36.Stylistic meaning38. pejorative40. appreciative20.associative meaning49. (1) Roar and buzz bel ong to ono matopoeic motivatio n.(2) M iniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the n eck of a bottle bel ong to sema ntic motivati on.(4) Tita nic and panic bel ong to etymological motivati on.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1) Conno tative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associati ons suggested by the con ceptualmeaning, traditi on ally known as conno tati ons. It is not an esse ntial part of the word-mea ning, but associati ons that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the Ian guage. For example, mother , deno ti ng a female pare nt 'is ofte n associated with l6ve ' ‘are 'etc..(2) Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, which make themappropriate for differe nt con texts. These dist in ctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, preg nant, expect ing, kn ock in gup, in the club, etc., all can have thesame con ceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3) Affective meanin g. It in dicates the speaker 's attitude towards the pers on or thing in questio n.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determ ined are words of positive overton es; no torious, pigheaded are of n egative conno tati ons impl yingdisapproval, con tempt or criticism.(4) Collocative meanin g. It con sists of the associati ons a word acquires in its collocati on. In other words, it is that partof the word-mea ning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussi on.For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garde n; we don 'tsay pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap betwee n the collocati ons of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field （练习 5）I. Each of the stateme nts below is followed by four alter native an swers. Choose the one that would best complete the stateme nt. Polysemy is a com mon feature peculiar to _______ . A. En glish only B. Chin ese only C. all n atural la nguagesD. some n atural la nguagesFrom the _____ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and developme nt of the sema ntic structure of one and same word . A. li nguisticB. diachro nicC. synchronicD. traditi onal______ i s a sema ntic process in which the primary meaning sta nds at the cen ter and the sec on dary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes. A Radiati on B. Con cate nati onC. Derivati onD. I nflectio n4. ________ i s the sema ntic process in which the mea ning of a word moves gradually away from its firstsense by successive shifts un til, i n many cases, there is not a sig n of connection betwee n the sense that is fin ally developed and that which the term had at the begi nning. A. Derivati onB. Radiati onC. In flect ionD. Con cate nati on 5.0ne importa nt criteri on todiffere ntiate homonyms from polysema nts is to see their _A. spell ingB. pronun ciati onC. etymologyD. usagebow /beu/.A. homographsB. homoph onesC. absolute homonyms From the diachronic point of view, when the word was meaning . The first meaning is called _ . A. primary meaning B. derived meaningC. cen tral meaningSyn chro ni cally, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-mea ning called ____ . A. primary meaning B. derived meaning C. cen tral meaningD. sec on dary meaningII. Complete the followi ng stateme nts with proper words or expressi ons accord ing to the course book.1.2.3.10.11.12.13.14.15.6. refer to one of two or more words in the English Ianguage which have the same or very n early the same esse ntial meaning. A. Polysema ntsB. SynonymsC. Antonyms7. The sense relati on betwee n the two words tulip B. synonymy C. polysemywords identical only in spelling A. hyponymy 8.areand but D. Hyponymsflower is _____D. antonymydiffere nt in sound and meaning, e.g. bow /bau/; A. Homopho nes9. The antony ms: A. con tradictory terms The antonyms big A. con tradictory terms B. Homographs C. Perfect homonyms maleand female are .B. con trary termsC. relative terms andsmall are .B. con trary termsC. relative termsThe antonyms husba nd and wife are A. con tradictory termsCompositi on and A. absolute synonymsD. AntonymsD. conn ected termsD. conn ected termsD. conn ected terms B. con trary terms C. relative terms compounding in lexicology are wordsof _B. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. con trary antonyms ,theyare ofte n employed in aAs homonyms are ide ntical in sound or spelli ng, particularlycon versati on to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule. D. antonyms created, it was endowed with only oneD. basic mea ning。

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