注意限制性定语从句的用法(一)

注意限制性定语从句的用法（一）

1. 关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的数须与先行词的数保持一致。例如：

I met the girl who was said to have written two books. 我见到了那位据说写过两本书的女孩。（was与girl保持一致）

Do you know the girls who are standing by the door? 你认识那些站在门边的女孩吗? （are与girls保持一致）

2. 含“one of ＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构的句子，该结构的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；若one前面有the，the only，the first，the last 或the right 等限定词修饰，one 是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词须用单数。试比较：

He is one of the boys who know English. 他是其中一个懂英语的男孩。（know 与boys 保持一致）

He is the only one of the boys who knows English. 他是那些男孩中唯一懂英语的男孩。（knows 与one 保持一致）

Tom is one of the students who have read the book. 汤姆是其中一个看过这本书的学生。

Tom is the first one of the students who has read the book. 汤姆是学生中最先看过这本书的人。

3. who与that在定语从句中可作主语或动词宾语，有时还可作介词宾语。作介词宾语时，who和that均不能放在介词之后；如果将介词提前（注意：某些固定短语的介词不能提前）放在定语从句的前面，

则不能用who或that，而要用whom或which。例如：

The man who wrote this book is a friend of mine. 写这本书的人是我的朋友。（作主语）

The man (that / who / whom) you are looking for is in the reading-room. 你正在寻找的那个人在阅览室里。（作介词for的宾语）

This is the house that / which he lives in. →This is the house in which he lives. 这就是他居住的房子。（不能说in that）

The old man whom / that / who he looks after is his father. 他照顾的那个老人是他的父亲。（look after为固定短语，不可将after提前放在定语从句的前面）

4. 由“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，其中的介词与定语从句修饰的名词的搭配、定语从句中的动词或形容词与介词的搭配有关。例如：I first met him the day when (= on which) I arrived here. 我到达这里的那一天初次见到他。（day指时间，常与on连用）

That is the factory where (= in / at which) my father works. 那是我父亲工作的工厂。（factory指地点，常与介词at或in连用）

The man from whom I borrowed this book is Mr John. →The man (whom / that) I borrowed this book from is Mr John. 我借这本书的那位男子是约翰先生。（borrow 与from 连用）

Is this the book (which / that) you are interested in? →Is this the book in which you are interested? 这就是你感兴趣的那本书吗？（由be interested in 而来）