(H完整)现在完成时的结构用法及例句

现在完成时

一．基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（done）

A、肯定句: 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语

例句：I have worked. / He has worked.

B、否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语

例句：I have not (haven't ) worked. / He has not (hasn't )worked .

C、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语

例句：Have you worked ? 回答Yes，I have./No , I haven't .

Has he worked ? 回答 Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't.

D、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）

例句：Where have they been to twice ？回答：They have been to + 地点.

How many times have they been to UK?回答I have been to UK three times.

(提示：特殊疑问句不能用简单的YES/NO回答）

二．功能及意义

1.表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰： ever曾经， never从不， already已经， yet还（未），（yet 只用在否定句和疑问句中）， just刚刚， recently，lately近来， so far 迄今为止= until now, up to now， before 以前

例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?(一般疑）你曾经去过长城吗？

I have never heard of such a man.我从没有听说过那个人。

We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭

I have already returned your money.我已经把钱还给你了。

I haven't found my book yet. （否定句）我还没有找到笔记本

Have you done your homework yet?（一般疑）你做作业了吗？

Have you heard from him recently ?（一般疑）你最近收到他的来信了吗？ So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今为止还没有人犯错误

I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过

2 表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用：

→for + 一段时间

I have learned English for 8 years

→since + 过去的一个时间点

I have learned English since 2001

→since + 一段时间+ ago

I have learned English since 8 years ago

→since + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句

I have learned English since I was 5 years old

→ in the past/last +时间段

We have had two English exams in the past two months.

近两个月来我们进行了2次英语考试。

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.

近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

三延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法

现在完成时中，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。

我离开这所学校已经八年了。

误： I have left this school for eight years（×）

他借用我的词典已经两天了

误： He has borrowed my dictionary for two days（×）

非延续动词与一段时间连用时，可做相应转化

因此中例句正确形式分别为

我离开这所学校已经八年了。

正： I have been away from this school for eight years（√）

他借用我的词典已经两天了

正： He has kept my dictionary for two days（√）

其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形

buy→have borrow→ keep,

fall asleep →be asleep leave →be away

begin →be on die →be dead,

join→ be in或be a member of return→ be back

come/arrive→ be in get up →be up,

marry →be married catch a cold→ have a cold

在否定句中短暂性动词可与段时间连用

I haven't gone to see him for several months.

（我已经好几个月没有去看他了）

I haven't bought anything for two months

四区分

have been to +地点; 表示去过某个地方（已经回来），常与ever, never ,几次，等连用

have gone to +地点: 表示到地方去了（还没回来）

have been in+地点：表示到了某个地方（多久了），常与 for + 段时间连用

比较：He has been to China twice(曾经去过,现在不在中国）

He has gone to China 他到中国去了.（他可能已在去中国的路上，或已到中国，总之，现在不在这里）

He has been in China for two years(他到中国已经两年了）

五对完成时的提问用 how long.....? 不能用 when... ?

六现在完成时常用句型

1、 It is the first/second time....that....结构中的从句部分用现在完成时