Public Speaking指导

Logical flow
A logical flow of words and ideas: -words: completed sentences -Sentences: connected with linking words and phrases -ideas: deduction(General to Specific)/induction (Specific to General) Transitions (therefore, on the other hand, similarly firstly…) Signposting (I’ve talked about… and now I will tell you about…)
A clear structure
Introduction
-what you are going to speak about -how you are going to tackle the topic -short and interesting Body
Conclusion -emphasize main arguments -concisely repeat the main points -relate them back to the introduction
Adequate development of ideas
Make any description vivid by using appropriate adjectives and adverbs and word pictures. E.g. “Have you ever seen a tree that is growing plastic bags” Keep any story very short and try to make them relevant to your audience. It is boring and inappropriate to give advice to the audience. E.g. “try your best”
A good speech will have:

A clear message and purpose Interest to the audience Adequate development of ideas A clear structure Logical flow-transitions and signposting An entertainment element-humor and/or word pictures(生 动的口头描述) The use of quotations and idioms Appropriate language
Adequate development of ideas
Many potentially good ideas die for lack of development. Less is more! E.g. “Children living in remote rural areas can be taught online.” Explore the topic(What does this mean? What are the implications? What might other people in other societies think? How can I challenge this idea?) is better than “What do I think about this?” Give clear reasons and examples or acceptable statistics for anything that you state.
Guidelines for Public Speaking
演讲的基本原则
Prepared speech
A prepared speech should be written before it is delivered. This allows speakers to ensure that they are making relevant and sensible comments in a logical order and using appropriate language. Practice and rehearsal
An entertainment element
Well received speeches are usually the ones that make people laugh as well as think. However, serious subjects should be treated seriously and not made light of.
“how” & ”what”
Speaking competitions are sometimes judged under 3 headings: Manner(delivery), Matter(content), and Method(language). When giving a speech or presentation, the “how” is as important as the “what”. It has been found that 70% of communication is visual rather than verbal.
What are you going to say?
Brainstorm, think and discuss with friends, colleagues and teachers Read and research your subject Gather information and ideas Make notes
A clear message and purpose
Few ideas or Many ideas?
Interest to the audience
There is no value in stating the obvious E.g. “I love my parents” vs. “I don’t love my parents” Don’t underestimate the intelligence of your audience. E.g. “The Internet” “When I was young, I learnt to walk and talk.”
Reducing the script to note form entails:
• Writing out the main headings for each main pointuse font that is large enough to be seen at a glance • Highlighting words or phrases to be emphasized • Shortening the detail by using single words instead of sentences • Copying the notes onto small cards that will be less obtrusive than sheets of paper and which can be hidden in the hand or behind the microphone • Numbering the cards
Appropriate language
Use an English-English dictionary Beware of using jargon Ungrammatical language
Preparing the full script entails:
• Double spacing the lines of type • Separating the main points by using numbers, bullet points, bold and color • Highlighting words you want to emphasize • Marking where you are going to pause • Writing out the phonetics or separating the syllables of difficult words in very large type so that they are easy to see at a glance • Numbering the pages
The use of quotations and idioms
Hale Waihona Puke Relevant to the topic Must be correctly used Should not be changed Should be complete Should not be overused Use less well-known idioms
How to write a speech
Why are you giving the speech, what do you want to achieve, what is your message? How long should you speak for? Where will you deliver your speech? What are you going to say?
What are you going to say?
Be brave to disagree: -few issues are black and white -look at the negative aspects -always give your reasons -discussing the negative may strengthen the positive(e.g. eye glasses) -challenge normally accepted ideas(e.g. the Internet is addictive?)
Interest to the audience
In English, moralistic platitudes(陈词滥调) are selfevident and therefore not interesting E.g. “working hard for tomorrow”, “striving to do one’s best”, “hoping for a bright future” E.g. “You should work hard and you will realize your dreams.”
Getting started
What is the topic of your speech? If it has been given to you, then what does it mean? Before starting to prepare a speech, think about who will be in your audience, what do they already know, what do they want to know, what will interest them?