考博英语翻译笔记
武汉大学考博英语翻译技巧

单词分译
将原文中的一个 单词分译成一个
句子
短语分译
将原文中一个短 语分译成一个句
子
句子分译
简单句的切分灵活 处理
复合句在从句连接 处切分
2.分译法
People everywhere brag and whimper about the woes of their early years, but nothing can compare with the Irish version: the poverty; the shiftless loquacious father; the pious defeated mother moaning by the fire; pompous priests, bullying schoolmasters; the English and all the terrible thing they did to us for 800 long years. (whi无mp论er身:在啜何泣地;的l人oq们u总ac喜io欢u抽s:泣喋着喋夸不谈休他们的早) 年受过的苦难,但是没
1. 长句处理,拆分重组
① Either party could terminate the contract (双方 中)任何一方可以终止合同
② if the other party fails to fulfill or perform any of the
博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇 (1)

百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我!分类词汇homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous(<> heterogeneous)^ homo***ual, hetero***ual mainstream 主流主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物)~ bar, = barricadediscrimination 区别,歧视 racial/***ual discrimination? discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 岛国性质 (? insular, ^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot 爱国者 (<>traitor)à patriotic, patriotismnotoriety 恶名 (? notorious)counterpart 对应人,对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture, counterbalancepeer 同等的人凝视,窥视(~ peep)subordinate 下级下级的<> superiortactics 战术,技巧 v.s. strategy (战略,策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningcompatriot 同胞同胞的 com + patriotvernacular 本地的,本国的本地话,本国话 the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透,弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家(~ enterprise)à entrepreneurshippractitioner 开业者,从业者 praction(practice) + ercelebrity a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 轶事(à anecdotal)benchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的,守时的(à punctuality)absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeismflextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + timeharass 骚扰(à harassment)Mary said that Gary had ***ually harassed her. redundancy 冗余,冗员 network redundancydownsize 裁员 (~ lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 (<> partial)lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbing 配音录制1百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我!vogue 时尚 ^ chicbizarre 奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 (~ diet)connoisseur 行家,鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carteshortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)equilibrium 平衡,均衡questionnaire 调查表,问卷quantitative 定量的 (<> qualitative)contingency 偶然性,偶然事件incur 招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 伦理的,符合伦理的 ~ ethics, <> unethicaldubious 疑惑的,可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation 显示,证明 (? manifest)subtitle 字幕,副标题 (sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理 assistant president综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents信息化 information-based; informationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts素质教育 education for all-round development豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation 台独"independence 台湾当局 Taiwan 台湾同胞 Taiwan stateof Taiwan" authorities compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
考博英语翻译笔记

考博英语翻译笔记倒装和分割结构为了强调句子的某些部分,或是为了保持句子平衡,英语中常常使用倒装。
大体说来,倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。
主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
在翻译的时候,既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译,也可以按照字面意思翻译。
非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置,以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。
翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。
1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.分析:本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。
正常语序为:if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。
在正式文体中,可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略,并将助动词提前。
译文:例如,它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公,因此不能说明一个贫困青年,要是在比较有利的境况下长大,会有多大才干。
2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom”generation reached its child-bearing years.分析:该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。
用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。
译文:不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“生育高峰期”出生的一代人达到生育年龄,婴儿的出生数量增加了,这同样起了作用。
考博英语翻译笔记整理版(唐静主讲)综述

2010考研翻译笔记(主讲:唐静)一、考研翻译的三大基本问题(一)考研翻译的解题“奥秘”做真题,而不是看翻译做翻译=写汉字(二)考研翻译的题型、命题原则和考试内容1、题型①大的方面:主观题——汉字书写工整②小的方面:阅读题没有必要通读全文有些情况下,需要阅读划线句子的上下文划线句子有代词,需要读上下文2、命题原则①体裁偏向学术文献,比较抽象②题材偏向文科领域(1998年理科的)③划线的句子长30个字左右,为长难句3、考试内容=考点1)考察专有名词、词组和多义词的解释(1)专有名词人名、地名、国家名称、术语、组织机构名称(2)专业术语Big Bang大爆炸理论inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论(3)学科术语anthropoloist人类学家anthropological人类学的inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论SARS非典(4)词组as……as by means ofhome appliances家用电器die out灭绝(5)多义词:school 学派before以前serve起作用life 生命、生活(6)熟词生义set (成套)设备;集、集合offend 冒犯;排污超标;污染超标particle 粒子(7)生词:超纲词2)考察一般性翻译技巧,包括词序调整、词义选择A、词序调整:即改变英语单词在汉语译文中的先后顺序46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.在联系不同民族和国家方面,电视也许以前没有像在最近欧洲事件中起如此重大的作用。
清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句

清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句1.When I fetched the sketch on the stretcher I found the secretary's secret.当我拿来担架上的素描时我发现了秘书的秘密.2.The mutual spirits inspired us to reach the annual aim.相互的精神鼓舞了我们达到年度目标.3.The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat.轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘.4.My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value.我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一,也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
5.In case of necessity,necessary session can be held on the vessel.必要时,必需的开庭可在船舶上进行.6.By the navigation of microwave,the navy paved a pavement on the wavy sea.借助微波导航,海军在多浪的大海上铺了一条路。
7.The minority of us are confronted with difficulty in the frontier of the major.我们少数人在该专业尖端领域面临困难.8.From the context of the text,I find the next pretext forselling the textile.我从课文的前后关系中找到卖纺织品的下一个借口.9.The systematic items stem from the walker's talk about the chalk.这些系统的条款来源于步行者关于粉笔的谈话.10.Theoretically,their heir's theory of meteorology can explain the meteor.从理论上讲,他们的继承人的气象理论能解释这种大气现象。
中央音乐学院考博英语必备翻译知识点及其例句

中央音乐学院考博英语必备翻译知识点及其例句01.The attendants attend the meeting and pretend to be attentive.侍从们出席会议并装出专注的样子。
02.The tenderer surrendered her tremendously slender tender fingers.投标者交出了她异常纤细娇嫩的手指.03.The tension tends to extend to a more extensive extent.紧张倾向于向更广泛的程度扩展。
04.I spend money on expensive things endlessly;so the expenditure trends up.我无休止地花钱买昂贵的东西,所以开支趋向上升。
05.I send him the blend calendar and the splendid bent lens he lent to me.我把他借给我的混合日历和绝妙的弯曲透镜送给他.06.The goodness of the wooden goods gives me good mood.木制商品的精华给我一个好心情.需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一,也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
07.The teenagers in the canteen are keen to see the queen sitting between the green screens in the greenhouse.食堂里的少年们巴望见到坐在温室里的绿色屏风间的女王。
08.From the tiny tin pin,the spinner pinched off an inch.纺纱工从小锡别针上掐掉一英寸。
09.In my opinion,only the onion can grow in the iron environment.据我看,只有洋葱能在铁质环境中生长。
考博英语(翻译和写作常用短语)

一、政治类:把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导 take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一,反对分裂,增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解,化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进open up new ways forward科教兴国rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步make an important step热爱和平love peace深化改革deepen the reform审时度势size up the situation实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立realize national independence实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召respond to the call修改法律amend the laws宣布…召开announce the opening of徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国govern the country according to law引起全国的关注arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程look into the great journey展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部revive the west振兴中华民族rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇seize the opportunity转变政府职能transform (shift) the government functions追求进步pursue progress追求真理seek the truth走进新时代march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法adopt various methods采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures承担风险bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求spur domestic demand刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验management expertise促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation促进改革promote reform促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场take back lost market发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境improve the environment for investment赶超先进surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响bring a more pos itive impact on…根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作further cooperation with和…有合作关系have cooperative ties with活跃市场enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development。
首都经济贸易大学考博英语必备翻译知识点及其例句

首都经济贸易大学考博英语必备翻译知识点及其例句01.The tall man installed a small wallet on the wall.高个男子把一小钱包安放到墙上.02.Except dishonest ones,anyone who is honest can get honey, everyone thinks so.除了不诚实的人外,任何诚实的人都能得到蜂蜜,人人都这么想。
03.The exhausted man and the trustful guy thrust a knife into the rusty crust.精疲力竭的男子和深信不疑的家伙将一把刀子刺向生锈的外壳。
04.I finally find that the financial findings are binding.我终于发现财经调查结果具有约束力。
05.At the windy window,the widow finds a blind snake winding.在当风的窗口,寡妇发现有条瞎眼蛇在游动。
06.I refuse to accuse Fuse of diffusing confusion.我拒绝控告导火索散播混乱。
需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一,也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
07.He had an amusing excuse for executing the executive.对于处决决策人,他有一个可笑的理由.08.At the dawn on the lawn the yawning drowned man began to frown.拂晓时在草坪上,打呵欠的溺水者开始皱眉头.09.Mr Brown owns the brown towels in the downtown tower.布朗先生拥有闹市区塔里的棕色毛巾。
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考博英语翻译笔记倒装和分割结构为了强调句子的某些部分,或是为了保持句子平衡,英语中常常使用倒装。
大体说来,倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。
主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
在翻译的时候,既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译,也可以按照字面意思翻译。
非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置,以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。
翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。
1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.分析:本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。
正常语序为:if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。
在正式文体中,可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略,并将助动词提前。
译文:例如,它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公,因此不能说明一个贫困青年,要是在比较有利的境况下长大,会有多大才干。
2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom”generation reached its child-bearing years.分析:该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。
用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。
译文:不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“生育高峰期”出生的一代人达到生育年龄,婴儿的出生数量增加了,这同样起了作用。
3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.分析:该句的Much as I have traveled 是一个由as 引导的让步状语从句。
相当于though I have traveled much ,但语气要比后者强。
这种结构要求部分倒装。
译文:我虽然见多识广,但还从未见过比她细心的人,不管什么职业4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly.分析:相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。
Only 后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。
但是要注意的是,如果only 修饰的不是状语,则不用倒装。
译文:只有很好地掌握了语法知识,写出来的东西才会正确。
5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West .分析:当句首是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时,一般要部分倒装。
译文:1980 年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。
6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.分析:hardly…when 的结构表示“刚…就…”。
含有这种结构的句子常将hardly 置于句首,而采用部分倒装的语序。
此外,hardly 分句中一般采用过去完成时,而when (或before )分句中使用过去时。
还有,与hardly…when…结构类似的用法还有barely (scarcely)…when…译文:他刚开始讲,听众就打断了他的话。
7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.分析:such…that 结构可将such 或含有such 的词组放在句首,使全句采用部分倒装。
与此用法类似的还有so…that 结构。
译文:她在排演中搞得太过分,以致两名男演员退出不干了。
8. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water.分析:本句为表语前置,表示强调。
正常语序应为:It is certain that…。
译文:植物发育生长的全部基本过程当然是在水中发生的。
9. We rally should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.分析:这两句话是为了使上下文紧密衔接,从而将第二个并列分句的表语前置。
译文:我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。
我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
10. Then, down the crowed thoroughfare comes the University of Cambridge ’s most distinctive vehicle, bearing its most distinguished citizen.分析:正常语序应为:The vehicle came down the thoroughfare 。
为使语言生动形象,文学作品中常用这类倒装。
在翻译时要尽量翻译出原句的语言效果。
这里bear=carry 。
译文:从拥挤的街道上驶来了一辆剑桥大学最有特色的车,车上坐着学校最著名的人物。
语法关系密切的两个句子成分被其他句子成分分隔的现象称为分割结构。
英语中,分割结构的类型是多种多样的。
例如,英语句子的主语和谓语一般都紧密相联,它们之间很少插入介词等比较长的结构。
但是,在有些情况下,或是为了保持句子的平衡,避免头重脚轻;或是为了语义严密,结构紧凑,在主语和谓语之间有时也会插入其他成分。
此外,还有定语(或定语从句)与其中心词被分隔;某些词语与其所要求的介词被分隔;动词与其宾语被分隔;介词与其宾语被分隔等等。
总之,英语的分割应遵循尾重原则(应把长而复杂的成分放在句末,使结构匀称)和句尾信息焦点原则(把新信息,即语意重点放在句末)。
同时,在阅读时要注意找出原来属于一个整体部分的意义。
1. Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fe ll under Turner’s spell.分析:本句的主干结构是:Most novelists and historians…fell under Turner’s spell. Turner 是美国历史学家。
under a spell :被迷住,着迷。
writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all 修饰主语,起分割主谓的作用。
而其中的状语从句when they considered women at all 是定语从句who considered women in the West 中的状语成分。
译文:从本世纪初到本世纪中叶从事写作的小说家和历史学家只要描写妇女,就会描述西部妇女,而且都被特纳迷住。
2. Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position.分析:the claim 和其同位语that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position 被the claim 的定语从句that Americans often made 分割。
同位语从句在翻译时可按照顺序翻译,将其翻译为分句。
译文:美国人常认为,在他们国家,一个人的地位可以从社会最底层上升到社会最上层,亚伯拉罕•林肯就是极好的例子。
3. In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination—indeed, some call it unprecedented determination—to succeed.分析:本句的主干结构是:…there were negotiations and…threats of failure 。
“overcome by…”是过去分词短语,修饰threats of failure 。
stubborn determination 和其定语动词不定式“to succeed”被“indeed, some call it unprecedented determination”分割。
译文:在最后的八年里,进行了艰苦卓绝的、几乎是不间断的谈判,其间屡经失败之虞,但最终通过创造性的协调和要取得成功的顽强决心——确实有人称之为前所未有的决心——而渡过难关,取得了胜利。
4. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark.分析:in trying to solve 插在the problem 和定语从句which…之间,起到承上启下的作用。