定语英语

定语从句

【学习目标】

1.会正确翻译含有定语从句的复合句

2.能写出正确的含有定语从句的复合句

3.会准确使用定语从句的关系词

【知识储备】

1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。

2、引导词及引导词的选择。

3“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

4. whose引导的定语从句

5.特殊的几个先行词引导的定语从句

6、限制性与非限制性定语从句。

7、as和 which引导的非限制性从句之异同。

8、定语从句与同位语从句之区别。

9、定语从句与强调句型之区别。

10、定语从句和其他语法知识混在一起考察之辨别。

【考点诠释】

1、定语从句中的关系词之三大功能2.引导词及引导词的选择。

作用关

系

词连接

作用

替代先行词在从句中充当某一成分

关系代词

who√人主语（在口语中亦可作宾语/表语）

whom√人宾语（在口语中可用who代，但在介词后只能用此词）whose√人/ 物定语（可用of + which取代）

which√物/ 句子主语/ 宾语/ 表语

that√人/ 物主语/ 宾语/ 表语

as√人/物/句子主语/ 宾语/ 表语

关系副词when√时间名词时间状语（可用“介词+which”取代）where√地点名词地点状语（可用“介词+which”取代）why√the reason原因状语（可用“for + which”取代）

1.I still remember the days ____we spent in the countryside ten years ago.

A. when

B. on which

C. that

D. for which

2.Have you asked her for the reason ____may explain for her absence?

A. why

B. that

C. x

D. for which

3.The days are gone forever ____we didn’t have enough to eat.

A. since

B. that

C. where

D. when

*只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

(c)先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。

(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。

(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．

(g) 为了避免重复：当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

．举例：

Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Who that break the window should be punished．

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the their handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

3.［定语从句］介词+关系代词

例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club？

He did not give me the reason for which he was late for school.

He did not give me the reason why he was late for school.

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when why和where 互换。

4)介词的选择：从句的固定词组或根据整个从句意思完整的需要

注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1) This is th e watch which/that I am looking for. (T＝正确)

(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F＝错误)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用