现在分词短语作状语要点总结

现在分词短语作状语要点总结
现在分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步或补充说明等不同含义。

Coming into the room, he found the books. 他一进屋就找到了书。

（时间）
Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting. 因为病了，他没有参加会议。

（原因）
Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你努力就会成功。

（条件）
The girls went out of the room, laughing and talking, 姑娘们又说又笑地走出房间。

（伴随）He came here running. 他跑着来到这里。

（方式）
At he age of three, his mother died, leaving him an orphan. 他三岁时丧母，成了孤儿。

（结果）She went away, walking south. 她离开了，向南方走去。

（补充说明）
由以上例句可以看出，分词短语作状语时，若表示时间、条件或原因，通常要放在句首；表示伴随（也可放在句首）、方式、结果或补充说明的分词短语，通常要放在句尾。

现在分词作状语时要注意以下六个要点：
1. 现在分词可以与when, while, if ,though等连词一起使用，使状语意义更加明确。

如：
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路要当心。

If falling ill, I’ll stay home taking a good rest. 如果生了病，我要在家好好休息。

Though not understanding French, they had a very good time in Paris this summer. 虽然他们不懂法语，但是，今年夏天他们在巴黎过得很愉快。

2. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常应与句子主语保持一致，也就是说句子的主语应是现在分词动作的执行者。

Feeling very tired, I went to bed early. 感到非常累，我很早就睡了。

（I 是分词的逻辑主语）While watching television, _____.
A. the doorbell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
分析：此题要求选出分词的逻辑主语。

能充当watching television逻辑主语只有we，又因感官动词后的宾语补足语不能用动词第三人称单数形式，所以选C。

3. 现在分词的时态和语态
(1) 时态：当分词的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生时，用现代分词的一般式（doing）；当分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前时，用现在分词的完成式(having done)。

They sat there watching television. 他们坐在那里看电视。

Having lived in Beijing for many years, he knew the city well. 在北京生活了很多年，他对这个城市很熟悉。

(2) 语态：当分词逻辑上的主语是该分词所表示的动作的承受者时，分词要用被动形式
(being done, having been done)。

Being stared at by the stranger, the boy felt very nervous. 被陌生人盯着看，这男孩感到很紧张。

Having been separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has
many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.与其它大陆分开了数百万年之后,澳大利亚有许多其他国家没有的动植物。

4. 现在分词的否定式是在分词前加not。

Not knowing what to do, I telephoned the police. 不知道如何是好，我给警察打了电话。

5. 分词短语表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时，可改为相应的状语从句，但表示结果或伴随动作时，一般不能转换为状语从句，只能转换为并列句或并列谓语。

如：Looking tired(Since they looked tired), they seemed to have worked for a long time. 他们神色疲倦，似乎工作了很长时间。

Her husband died, leaving nothing but debt.（Her husband died and left nothing but debt.）她丈夫死了，留下了一身债。

6.分词或分词短语generally speaking(一般而言), speaking of(就……来说), including(包括),
beginning with(从……开始),judging by/from(根据……来判断) 作插入语，与句子主语之间没有关系。

Generally speaking, the more expensive the car, the better its quality. 一般而言，车越贵质量越高。

Judging by/from his facial expressions and body language, he’s lying.根据他的面部表情和身体语言来判断，他在说谎。

练习：
1._____ this information, Alice sat down again to wait.
A. On giving
B. After having to give
C. Having been given
D. After given
2._____, they began to make the experiment.
A. Got everything ready
B. Having everything got ready
C. Getting everything ready
D. Having got everything ready
3.Having taken the examination, _____.
A. I gave a passing grade
B. I was given a passing grade by the teacher
C. the teacher gave me a passing grade
D. the teacher was given a passing grade
4._____ his mother, the baby cried loudly.
A. No t seeing
B. Don’t see
C. Not seen
D. Not seen
5.He worked hard all day _____the house.
A. to clean
B. cleaned
C. having cleaned
D. cleaning
6.He looked at the pretty girl carefully, ______ who she could be.
A. wondering
B. to wonder
C. wondered
D. having wondered
7._____the airport, I found my flight had taken off.
A. Arrived at
B. Arriving at
C. Having arrived at
D. To arrive at
8._____that the car was waiting outside, he went downstairs quickly.
A. Having told
B. Having been told
C. Telling
D. To tell
答案：1—5 CDBAD 6—9ABB。