医学英语

骨科orthopedics

上肢骨折fracture of upper extremities

骨折fracture

手外伤hand trauma

概论introduction

脊柱及骨盆骨fracture of vertebral column and pelvis

关节脱位articular dislocation

运动系统慢性损伤chronic strain of movement system

腰腿痛和颈肩痛lumbago and shoulder pains

骨与关节化脓感染osteoarticular purulent infection

骨与关节结核osteoarticular tuberculosis

骨肿瘤bone tumor

诊断学diagnostics

物理诊断physical disgnosis

诊断diagnosis

病情nosography

症状symptom

体征sign

体格检查physical examination

问诊inquiry

初步诊断primary diagnosis

实验室检查laboratory examination 发热fever

体温调节中枢themotaxic center

感染性致热原infective fever

中枢性发热center fever

产热heat production

散热heat loss

寒战rigor

钝痛dull pain

刺痛twinge pain

压痛tendemess pain

搏动性痛throbbing pain

放射性痛radiating pain

水肿edema

梗阻obstructive

皮肤粘膜出血mucocutaneous hemorrhage 呼吸困难dyspnea

紫绀cyanosis

先天性的congenital

中枢性的central

周围性的peripheral

混合性的mixed

恶性nausea

呕吐vomiting

呕血hematemesis

腹泻diarrhea

慢性chronic

炎性inflammatory

吸收不良malabsorption

功能性的functional

器质性的organic

意识障碍disturbance of consciousness 昏迷coma

血尿hematuria

尿失禁incontinence of urine

尿潴留retention of urine

问诊inquire

一般项目general data

主诉chief complaint

现病史present illness

既往史past history

系统回顾system review

个人史personal history

家族史family history

体格检查physical examination

视诊inspection

触诊palpation

叩诊percussion

听诊auscultation

全身状态检查examination of body state

一般检查general examination

生命体征vital sign

体温temperature

脉搏pulse

呼吸respirature

血压blood pressure

营养状态nutriture

表情expression

体位position

自主体位active position

被动体位positive position

强迫体位forced standing

步态gait

间歇性跛行intermittent claudication 苍白pallor

皮肤弹性elasticity

瘀斑ecchymosis

血肿hematoma

水肿edema

瘢痕scar

全身或局部淋巴结肿大generaral or local enlargment

头颅skull

脊柱与四肢spine and four limbs

脊柱后凸kyphosis

脊柱前凸lordosis

驼背gibbus

脊柱侧凸scoliosis

姿势性侧凸posture scoliosis

脊柱器质性侧凸organic scoliosis

关节articulus

膝内翻genua varum

膝外翻genua valgum

肌萎缩muscle atrophy

爪形手claw hand

浮髌现象floating patella phenomenon 截瘫paraplegia

肌力myodynamia

肌张力muscular tone

痉挛性spasticity

强直性rigidity

痛觉analgia

温度觉thalposis

触觉thigmesthesia

关节觉arthresthesia

反射reflex

腹壁反射abdomenal wall reflex

提睾反射cremasteric reflex

柘反射plantar reflex

肱二头肌反射biceps reflex

肱三头肌反射triceps reflex

桡骨膜反射radioperiosteal reflex

膝反射knee jerk 跟腱反射achilles jerk

髌阵挛patela clonus

拉塞克征lasegue/s sign

骨关节系统osteoarticular system

科德曼三角codman、s triangle

施莫尔结节schmorl、s nodule

沈通氏线shenton、s line

骨岛bone island

骨密度compacta

关节造影arthrography

骨内膜增生endosteal proliferation

骨骺epiphysis

大片骨溶解massive osteolysis

骨化ossification

椎弓峡部pars interarticularis

骨膜反应periosteal reaction

骨疏松spongiosa

动脉造影arteriography

静脉造影venography

血管造影angiography

脊髓造影myelography

病理性骨折pathological fracture

疲劳性骨折fatigue fracture

开放性骨折open fracture

闭合性骨折close fracture

粉碎性骨折comminuted fracture

压缩性骨折compressed fracture

休克shock

畸形deformity

压痛tendemess

肿胀swelling

瘀斑ecchytmosis

功能障碍obstacle

骨筋膜室综合征bonefascial compartment syndrome

感染infection

脊髓损伤spinal cord injury

周围神经surrounding nerve

脂肪栓塞fat embolism

褥疮bedsore

关节僵直arthroclisis

缺血性坏死ischemic necrosis

缺血性挛缩ischemic contraction

创伤性关节炎traumatic arthritis