2018专八语法知识点后置定语精讲
专八语法知识点
专八语法知识点嘿,朋友们!一提到专八语法知识点,是不是感觉有点头大?就像走进了一个错综复杂的迷宫,找不到出口。
咱先来说说虚拟语气,这可是个让人又爱又恨的家伙。
你想想,如果时间能倒流,你会怎么做?这就是虚拟语气的一种常见表达。
比如说,“If I were you, I would do it differently.” 这里用“were”而不是“was”,是不是有点特别?就像一件独特的宝贝,得小心呵护着。
再说说非谓语动词,那可真是个调皮的小鬼。
像“Running in the park, he felt very happy.” 这里的“running”就是非谓语动词,它没有主语,却能表达出丰富的意思。
这不就像一个没有家长管着,却能自己玩得很开心的孩子嘛!还有定语从句,它就像一个贴心的助手,能把句子修饰得更加完美。
“The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.” 这个“which I bought yesterday”是不是让你一下子就清楚了是哪本书?语法中的时态也很重要哦!过去时、现在时、将来时,还有完成时,它们就像是四季的更替,各有各的特点。
过去时像是回忆中的旧时光,现在时就是当下的精彩瞬间,将来时是充满期待的未来之旅,完成时则像是对过去经历的总结。
主谓一致也不能忽略呀!就像一双鞋子,得左右脚尺码合适才能走得稳。
“Neither the students nor the teacher is here.” 这里用“is”而不是“are”,可别弄错啦。
专八语法知识点多如繁星,咱们得一个个去认识它们,了解它们的脾气。
可别像个没头的苍蝇乱撞,得有条有理地去学习。
学习语法可不是一蹴而就的事儿,得有耐心,有恒心。
别觉得难就退缩,想想那些攻克难题后的成就感,多带劲!只要咱们用心去学,专八语法这点事儿,还能难倒咱?所以啊,朋友们,加油吧!让我们把专八语法的知识点统统拿下!。
英语中形容词作后置定语的十种情况
英语中形容词作后置定语的十种情况1、当形容词修饰由some-,no-,any和every-,-thing,-body和-one构成的不定代词,如something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, everybody, anybody, nobody, someone, everyone, anyone等时,该形容词要后置。
例如:Every minute there is something exciting going on here.这里每一分钟都有使人兴奋的事情发生。
Everything useful in the house was taken away by him by force.房子里每件有用的东西都被他用武力夺去了。
Have you ever met anyone famous?你曾经见过有名的人物吗?I met someone quite talkative at the party.在聚会上我遇到了一位十分健谈的人。
Is there anything important in her article?她的文章里有什么重要之处吗?Mary certainly talks a lot and she's never interested in what anyone else has to say.玛丽当然说的太多了,她从来对别人需要说的话不感兴趣。
The doctors have tried everything humanly possible to save his life.医生使用了可能的人道的方法去拯救他的性命。
There is nothing difficult in the world.世上无难事。
There is something wrong with my body. I am not feeling quite myself today.我的身体出问题了,今天我感觉不太好。
英语后置定语的详细用法通用课件
Application in news reporting
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The logical relationship between post attributive and modified noun
Noun modification
Logical connection
Precautions when using post attributives
Grammar accuracy
Sentences • A comparison between post attributive
and other grammatical structures
contents
目 录
• Special Usage and Precautions of Post Attributive
• Practical Application Scenarios of Post Attributive
功能 语法结构 例子
Prepositional phrases as postpositional attributives
功能 语法结构 例子
The verb ing form serves as a postposition attribute
功能
动词-ing形式用作后置定语,可以进一步描述名词或代词的行为 或状态。
The Types and Usage of Post Attributive
Adjective phrases used as post attributive
01
02
03
功能
语法结构
例子
Adverbial phrases used as post attributive
英语后置定语的详细用法 1 ppt课件
(3)表示修饰关系 动词不定式对其修饰的成分起一种描绘阐述作用。
He had no chance to go school in those years
我的句子:他是第一个登顶的人。 家长们应该给青少年们自己做决定的机会。
2.英语中有些以a为词首的形容词做定语时,均放在被修饰语后 面。如:alone, alike, afraid, , ashamed, awake 等 The girl asleep is my younger sister. He is the greatest writer alive. He looked at the street full of cars(形容词短语)
I don’t have a house to live in .
I don’t have a pen to write with.
I don’t have a piece of paper to write on
我的句子:我没有同伴练习英语。
(2)表示主谓关系 被修饰的名词表示逻辑主语 修饰它的动词不定式结构表示逻辑谓语。 例如: He’s always the first to come.
3.动词不定式做后置定语:
与被修饰成分之间表示不同的语义关系:
(1)表示动宾关系(2)表示主谓关系 (3)表示修饰关系 (4)表示同位关系 (1)表示动宾关系 被修饰的名词为动词不定式to do的直接宾语。 I have a lot of work to do today.
He had a big family to support.
英语后置定语的详细用法课件
1.现在分词短语作后置定语(表示主动意义) 1.There is a lady asking to see you. 2.The girl sitting by my side is my sister. 3.Here is a map showing you how to get to the station 4.They built a highway leading into the mountains. 5.We met a group of students returning from school.
我的句子:这儿的食物很美味。(副词)
我没有剩余的钱了。(过去分词)
后置定语: 放在被修饰词后面用来修饰这个名1. 定语从句
介词短语
2. 短语: 不定式短语
非谓语动词短语
3.单个词
现在分词短语V-ing 过去分词短语V-ed
介词短语做后置修饰语在意义上表示时间、地点、范围、类别、来源等语 义关系。
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou. People in the world play basketball. His love for his country is very great. The city of New York is very large.
named (name) Lucy. I know the girl _____ written (write) by MoYan is popular around the The book ______ world
我的句子:那个被Tom打的男孩是杨清。(beat)
后置定语用法总结,理解英语句子的关键
后置定语用法总结,理解英语句子的关键定语用来修饰、限定、说明或补充名词或代词的品质与特征。
定语不仅仅是形容词,名词、介词短语、非谓语动词(动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词动名词)和从句都可以做定语。
定语对我们准确表达起很关键作用。
在英语考试中听力和阅读理解有些题会直接考我们对定语的理解,即答案就是定语。
英语写作要是连非谓语动词做定语,定语从句都没有,一般拿不到高分。
一般说来,定语放在所修饰名词的前面。
单个的形容词、名词、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词作定语,都是放在所修饰词的前面,称为前置定语。
What are the most widely spokenlanguages?最常用的语言有哪些?It's an interestingmovie.这是一部有趣的电影。
但和汉语句型不同的是,很多时候,定语在句子中是放在被修饰词的后面,我们称为后置定语。
在结构复杂的英语句子里,如若判断不出后置定语,往往会影响我们的理解。
下面我来为大家全面简单的总结一下后置定语:01一,单词后置1,形容词英语中部分以a开头的形容词做定语要后置:alive, asleep, alone,awake等I'm the proudest father alive.我是这世上最骄傲的父亲。
Money alonecan't make you happy单靠金钱不能让你快乐。
Sorry, this is the only room available.抱歉,这是唯一可用的房间了为了修辞,句子平衡等需要,其他形容词做后置定语也很常见2,表示时间、地点、方位的副词副词一般做状语,但表示时间、地点、方位的副词有时做定语。
The weather hereis damp and hot in May.五月这里的天气又湿又热。
On the way back, we were caught up in the rain.在回来的路上,我们被雨淋了。
2018年高考英语语法知识最全概括(2021年整理)
2018年高考英语语法知识最全概括(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(2018年高考英语语法知识最全概括(word版可编辑修改))的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为2018年高考英语语法知识最全概括(word版可编辑修改)的全部内容。
高考英语语法易考知识点最全概括第一讲座:名词—--基础篇一、名词的复数:1。
名词变复数的规则形式:1)。
一般情况下直接加s: book--——-—books cup—--—-cups2). 以辅音字母+y结尾的,先变y为i再加es:city——-----cities family----—families3)。
以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es:bus———-—buses wish-———--wishes watch-—---—watches4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es:tomato--—--tomatoes potato—---—-potatoes hero-—--—heroes Negroes5). 以f、fe 结尾的,先把f、fe变v 再加es:leaf--——leaves self——-selves shelf—-—-shelves life—--—lives thief-——thieves2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的:man-—--men woman--—women child——--children foot-————feet tooth-——-teeth mouse—--mice3. 单数和复数形式相同:deer—--deer fish-—-—fish sheep---—sheep Chinese ————Chinese Japanese——-Japanese4. 某国人的复数:1). 中、日不变:Chinese--—-Chinese Japanese———Japanese2)。
2018年考研英语:定语后置解析
2018年考研英语:定语后置解析在现代汉语中,定语是修饰和限制名词的,一般放在中心词之前,以“……的”结束。
但是在英语中,定语后置的现象非常普遍,也是长难句的一种基本构成形式。
2018考研的小伙伴们,在面对英语中的定语后置时,需要在翻译上将语序进行调整,以满足汉语的语言习惯。
以下是几种常见的定语后置的种类,一起来学习一下吧!1、形容词做疑问词的后置定语饰疑问词what、which、who、whose、whom、when、where、why、how时,修饰语要后置。
如:What important would you like to talk about?你要谈论什么重要的事?Who else will go with us?还有谁和我们一起去?2、形容词做复合不定代词的后置定语当被修饰词为复合不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything;somebody,anybody,everybody;someone,anyone,everyone,no one时,修饰语常位于被修饰语的不定代词之后。
例如:Someone important will give the students a lecture on the current international situation this afternoon.今天下午,一位重要的人物将给学生们做一场有关当前国际形势的报告。
3、部分介词做后置定语above(上方的)、below(下方的),on(在上面的),out(外面的),back(后面的),away(离开的)等修饰名词时位于被修饰词之后。
例如:From the hill top we could see the plain below.从山顶上外面可以看到下面的平原。
4、介宾短语做后置定语The bird in the tree树上的那只小鸟The map on the wall墙上的地图The development of China中国的发展The standard of living生活水平The both sides of the Changjiang River长江两岸The way to the hotel去旅馆的路The life in the future未来的生活5、动词不定式做后置定语(1)在某些名词型结构中可用动词不定式或后置定语,如:I have tons of letters to answer.我有很多信要回。
英语后置定语的详细用法
• 注意: • 动词不定式有时可以代替一个定语从句做后置定语。 • 例如
• (1)Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come) we will meet again.
• 也许在未来的岁月中我们还会再见面。
• (2)She made a list of things to be taken(= which/that will be taken) on the way.
(一)形容词做后置定语
• 1.以a为词首的形容词 • 2.以后缀-able 和-ible 结尾的形容词 • 3.形容词修饰 由any-,every-, some-
等跟-body, -one,-thing构成的不定代 词
• 1. 英语中有些以a为词首的形容词做定语时,均放在被修饰语 后面。
• 如: alone, alike, afraid, aware, ashamed, awake 等
• 例:
• The girl asleep soundly is my younger sister. • 正熟睡的小女孩是我的小妹妹。 • He is the greatest writer alive.
• 他是当代最伟大的作家。
这些词在有一状语修饰时,也可以做前置定语。
例如:
熟睡的孩子们
the fast asleep children 完全醒着的病人
The weather here is very nice. 这里的天气很好
The building around are mostly of modern constructions. 这附近多数是现代化建筑。
(三)部分过去分词也可以作后置定语
• 例如: • left, gained, used, offered, discussed, ordered,
2018专八语法独立主格知识点分析
2018 专八语法独立主格知识点分析
专八语法是贯穿于英语专八考试整个试题中,2018 专八考试备考
初期建议考生们夯实基础。
小编为大家带来2018 专八语法知识点精
讲,希望专八考生们认真学习。
独立主格结构
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名
词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,所以在语法上不是句子。
但多有
名词或代词表示的逻辑主语,分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语,有时还有
其他修饰成分。
(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是
否有谓语动词。
)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等
状语或状语从句的作用,主要用于书面语。
使用动词非谓语形式的独立
主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词,非谓语动词
改为谓语动词形式,这样就成为从句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天,图书馆不开放。
(原因)改为从句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.
例如:
There being no buses,we had to take a taxi. 没有汽车了,我们只好坐出租车了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given,the bus started.信号发出后,公共汽车就启动了。
中考英语专项复习,定语后置的知识点总结
中考英语专项复习,定语后置的知识点总结中考临近,复习有序进行中。
今天我在课堂上讲到了定语后置的知识点,并进行了相关练习。
现在把基本内容发布出来,帮助大家复习巩固。
定语表示人或事物的性质特征、所属,用于限定名词或代词多数情况下,定语放在被修饰词之前,称之为前置定语,但有些词或短语充当定语时,则要放在被修饰词之后,称之为后置定语。
在英语使用和阅读过程中,由于受后置定语的影响,不能正确理解句子的意思而造成不必要的错误。
因此,在这里归纳初中阶段常见的几种定语后置现象。
1.单个单词作后置定语1)在形容词中,有一些词是表示状态的,如在句子中作定语时,须后置,此类形容词有: asleep、awake、alone、alive、afraid、alike等。
例如:Tom was the only boy awake at that time.2)修饰(如: something, anything,nothing等)复合不定代词的形容词,须后置。
例如:It's nothing serious, doctor?3)形容词修饰如 the one等之类的词语时,应放在其后。
例如:What about the one thing needful?4)形容词修饰的词是起名词作用的(如anywhere、somewhere等)时,也应后置。
例如He has been sent to somewhere particular.5)一些表示处所、方位、时间副词(如here、there、above 、below、upstairs、downstairs、outside、inside、around、today、nearby、in、out、home、abroad、before、yesterday等)作定语,常作后置定语。
例如:Beijing is a beautiful city. People there are very friendly, too.6)现在分词或过去分词作定语时,如它强调的是分词本身的动作,也应放在被修饰词之后。
专业英语刘宇红第八章后置定语的译法讲稿
专业英语刘宇红第八章后置定语的译法讲稿第一篇:专业英语刘宇红第八章后置定语的译法讲稿第八章后置定语的译法讲稿修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句,称为定语。
可作定语的有:介词短语、形容词、代词、数词、名词、非限定动词、副词、同位语和从句等。
按定语所处的位置又可将定语分为前置定语和后置定语。
所谓前置定语,即定语位于它所修饰的成分之前。
前置定语一般较短,因而较简单。
8.1 介词短语作后置定语直接将后置定语放在先行词的前面翻译1.In general, ethers are good solvents for fats, waxes and resins.醚通常是脂肪、蜡和树脂的良好溶剂。
2.The gas from coke ovens is washed with water to remove ammonia.焦炉煤气用水洗涤可除去氨。
3.The presence of a substituent group in benzene exerts a profound control over both orientation and the ease of introduction of the entering substituent.苯环上取代基的存在对引入基团的方位及难易程度具有很强的控制作用。
4.The hydrogen atom of/on the benzene ring is not easily to be substituted.苯环上的氢原子很难被取代。
8.2 形容词(或其短语)作后置定语1.Hydrocarbons that do not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.不含有最大可能氢原于数的烃叫不饱和烃。
(不含有最大氢原子数的烃可能叫不饱和烃。
英语专八语法总结
英语专八语法总结英语专业八级(TEM-8)语法知识点总结如下:1.虚拟语气:用于表达与现实情况相反的假设或不可能发生的情况。
2.动词时态和语态:包括现在时、过去时、将来时、完成时等时态,以及主动语态和被动语态。
3.非谓语动词:包括不定式、动名词和分词。
4.名词性从句:包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
5.定语从句:用于修饰名词或代词的从句。
6.状语从句:用于修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句。
7.强调句型:用于强调某个句子成分,通常为动词或形容词。
8.倒装句型:用于改变句子结构,强调某个句子成分。
9.独立主格结构:用于表达两个独立主语之间的逻辑关系。
10.比较级和最高级:用于表达两个或多个事物之间的比较关系。
11.省略句:用于省略某个句子成分,通常为动词或形容词。
12.疑问句和反问句:用于提出疑问或强调某个观点。
13.主谓一致:指谓语动词与主语保持一致。
14.名词的数和性:指名词的单数、复数、可数和不可数形式,以及名词的性别(阳性、阴性和中性)。
15.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级:用于表达两个或多个事物之间的比较关系。
16.代词的用法:包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。
17.并列句型:由两个或多个并列分句组成的句子。
18.条件句型:用于表达条件关系,通常由if引导。
19.被动语态的用法:用于表达主语是动作的承受者的情况。
20.否定句型:用于表达否定观点,通常使用否定词not 或never等。
21.让步状语从句:用于表达让步关系,通常由though、even if等引导。
22.比较级的特殊用法:比较级可以用于表示最高级的意思,例如“The book is more interesting than anything I have ever read.”意思是“这本书比我看过的任何书都更有趣。
”23.形式主语和真实主语:有些句子中,主语由从句担任,这种从句称为真实主语,而由it担任的主语称为形式主语。
最新大学英语后置定语归类 及练习上课讲义
英语后置定语练习及答案后置定语句子翻译(共25句)不论是做英语翻译还是做阅读,弄清各个部分的成分。
英语的一大特点是先陈述核心思想,然后添加具体细节。
一、形容词短语做后置定语形容词分句作后置定语,相当于一个省略了关系代词和be动词的定语从句。
The artist (who is) famous for his water color paintings is visiting China.The students (who are) willing to study hard are more likely to succeed.1那个总是对邻居很友好的女孩后来被证明是个连环杀手serial killer。
2对该起事故负责的responsible所有官员都被逮捕了。
3They are trying to find a company willing to sponsor their expedition.4 A hydrogen bomb is a weapon powerful enough to destroy a whole city.5Chewing areca nut槟榔is not a habit unique to the people in Xiangtan.二、现在分词短语做后置定语英语中现在分词做定语可以前置,也可以后置。
但现在分词短语做定语时,一定放在被修饰成分的后面,构成后置定语。
例如:They built a highway leading into the mountains.他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。
We met a group of pupils returning from school.我们碰到了一群从学校回来的孩子。
现在分词短语做后置定语,在意义上相当于一个定语从句。
但在转换时,要注意动词的主语和时态。
例如上述两句可转化为:They built a highway which led into the mountains.We met a group of pupils who returned from school.ING分词分句作后置定语,相当于一个省略了关系代词和相应动词形式的定语从句。
后置定语从句讲解
后置定语从句讲解定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
在主句中充当定语成分。
[1]被修饰的词叫先行词。
后置定语从句讲解在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
在初中阶段我们常见的几种后置定语如下:一、形容词作复合不定代词的后置定语当被修饰词为复合不定代词something, anything, nothing,everything; somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody; someone, anyone, everyone, no one时,修饰语常位于被修饰的不定代词之后。
(1) Do you have anything else to say about it?关于这件事,你还有什么要说的吗?(2) I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。
(3) Someone important will give the students a lecture on how to learn English well.今天下午,一位重要的人物将给学生们做一场有关如何学好英语的报告。
二、形容词作疑问词的后置定语修饰疑问词what, which, who, whose, whom, when,where, why, how时,修饰语要后置。
(1) What important would you like to talk about?你想谈论什么重要的事情?(2) What else would you like to eat?你还想吃什么?(3) Where new have they decided to visit?他们决定到哪些没有去过的地方参观?三、 enough作后置定语enough(a.)修饰名词时既可以在名词前,也可以在名词后。
2018专八语言知识题八大类高频考点
2018专八语言知识题八大类高频考点2018专八语言知识题主要考查:1.语法是否扎实;2.词汇掌握是否丰富,词汇的搭配与用法;3.对篇章结构(句子间逻辑关系)是否敏感。
短语搭配错误 (大部分为介词错误)carry/get with things –> carry/get on with thingsto let alone –> let alonein return to –> in return forthe need of –> the need forsubstitute A with B –> substitute A for Baccount 70% --> account for 70%under the grounds of/that –> on the grounds of/thatattitude on life –> attitude towards/to lifein a quick speed –> at a quick speedwith many respects –> in many respectsat the face of –> in the face(s) ofconsiderations to…–> considerations for…become victims of … --> become victims to …ride in a train –> ride on a trainthe problems with the government –> the problems for the governmentresistive against –> resistive toresistance of –> resistance toembark sth –> embark on sthwith the belief that –> in the belief thatat advance of sth –> in advance of sthinterpret… to –> interpret… asin line to –> in line withto varing degrees –> in varing degreestake pride of –> take pride in leap out to me –> leap out at meinject them lethal strains –> inject them with lethal strainscharge him with the same price –> charge him the same priceimbalance of A and B –> imbalance between A and Bshortage of protein with them –> shartage of protein among themfortify sb for sth –> fortify sb against sth (加强…以抵御…)shed light to sth –> shed light on sthin proportion with –> in proportion topay for it with dollars –> pay for it in dollarsbe in liberty to –> be at liberty tobegin at doing –> begin with doingbe contrasted to –> be contrasted withcommit an offence to –> commit an offence againstmodern time –> modern timesability of (doing) sth –> ability in (doing) sthdefend sth against –> defend sth fromat the first place –> in the first placepay money in doing –> pay money for doingtake to do –> take to doing (“求助于,开始”,to 为介词)yearn to –> yearn forat average –> on averageidentify oneself to –> identify oneself withbe successful on doing –> be successful at/in doingget one’s teeth on –> get one’s teeth into(埋头做,认真做)the action of formation –> the action offorming (of后应接动名词而非名词)approach to do …–> approach to doing …one contributor of –> one contributor toconsumers demand of luxury goods –> consumers demand for luxury goods on one’s 30s –> in one’s 30sbalk to –> balk at (回避,绕过)differ A from B –> distinguish A from B suit to sb/sth –> suit for sb/sthvary by – vary withemphasis of – emphasis on易混词错误(1)形近异义词imaginative – imaginaryadapt – adoptconfirm – conformformer – formaldiary – dairypersonal – personnelbeside – besidesprincipal – principleintelligent – intelligibleconscious – conscientiousstationary – stationeryconsiderate – considerableaffect(影响) – effect(致使、达成)contact – contractmoral – moraleindustrious – industrialdesert – dessertrequire – acquire – inquirepresence – presentationsensible – sensitivetransformation – transmissionvalue – evaluatetense – tensionanything – somethingcooker – cookcomplexity(复杂性) – complex(合成体)insurance – assuranceprovide(提供) – provided/providing(假设,如果) perceive – conceiveeffective(有效的) – affective(受…影响的,由…引起的) (2)形近(形异)近义词latter – laterlate(迟的,已故的) – latest(最晚的,最新的)farther(距离更远) – further(程度更进一步)healthy(健康的) – healthful(有益健康的)effective – efficientcontinual(连续的) – continuous(持续不断的) respectable – respectfulhistoric – historicalrise – arise – raise – arousesure – insure – ensure – assurein return to – in response toopposite – oppositionproducing – productivelonely – aloneacross – crossimpressed -- impressivepermit(n.通行证) – permissionrelating – relatedmemorizing – memorablenormal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平) – norm(规范,行为标准)favorite – favorableacceptability – acceptanceeconomical – economicfew – littlea few – fewlittle – a littleinvent – discoverbefore – agoanother – otheragent(代理人) – agency(代理机构)reward(回馈) – award(奖赏)special – specific(3)兼有两种形式的副词firstly – first (firstly用于列举条目或者表示顺序,first表示时间上“第一次、首次”) hardly(几乎不) – hard(努力地)sure – surelylate – latelyclear(完全地、径直地) – clearly(显然、清楚地)high(高度高地) – highly(程度高地、非常)close(接近地、紧密地) – closely(紧密地、严密地)most(最) – most(大部分)(4)反义词with – withoutpossible – impossiblesubjective – objectiveimport – exportbetter – worseemployee – employeremployment – unemploymentmodifiable – unmodifiablenatural – unnaturaldiscernable – indiscernablelent – borrowedexclusive – inclusiveindependency – dependencywilling – unwillingnothing more than – nothing less thanagree – disagreerarely – frequently / oftenspecific – generalless – more (still more– still less)most – leastknown – unknownrespective – irrespective (irrespective of表示“不管…”) majority – minorityresult in – result fromfortunately -- unfortunatelypowerful – powerlesseasiness – uneasinessprofessional – amateuraware – unawareinclude – exclude(5) 名词单复数异义moral – morals(作名词时用复数形式,表示“道德、伦理”)collection(不可数名词表示“各种因素集合体”) – collections(可数名词表示“收藏品”) manner(方法,方式) – manners(礼仪,礼节)saving – savings(复数表示“存款”)specie(硬币) – species(种类)(species只有单数)mean(n.平均值) – means(方法)(6) 易混短语live with(同…一起生活,忍受) – live by(靠…过活)go about (doing) sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传,经常从事于) – go around(四处走动,绕道走) tend to – intend toin next week(以当下时间为基准点) – in the next week(以过去的时间为基准点)spend… in doing sth – spend… on sthdie of(内部) – die from(外部)rather than – other thanhave sb do sth – have sth donetake on(从事,开始对付,呈现) – go on(继续)take place – take the place ofconsist in(在于) – consist of(包括)in all(总共) – after all(毕竟)in return(作为报答) – in turn(反过来,轮流)one reason for +短语– one reason why +句子bring out(使显露,使显现) – bring up(教育,培养,提出,(船)抵达目的地)be worth doing – be worthwhile to doreact to(对…作出反应) – react with(以…作出反应)apply… to(将…应用于) – apply for(请求,申请)逻辑关系错误(连词使用错误)therefore – nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然)and – but / whileor – andbut – becausemoreover – howeverafter – beforesince – althoughthere is no…– there is also…that – iffrom now on – from then onall – nonebesides – yetif – unlessbesides – excepttherefore – becauseso – becauseso does he…– neither/nor does he…that’s why +结果– that’s because +原因as if – even ifwhether – if代词错误(一致错误)their – itsthat – those (需要特别注意)which – that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)which – whatit – itself (主宾相同,宾语用反身代词)that/this – it (只有it可作形式主语)his – one’s (泛指时用one)you – yourselfit – theythis – suchXX is less sophisticated than what they are today – XX is less sophisticated than they are today 冠词错误(1)定冠词多余on the either side –> on either sidein the Europe –> inEuropein the winter –> in winter (季节前不加定冠词)Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book – Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系,不必使用冠词)take the issue –> take issue(对…持异议,不同意)(2)定冠词缺漏among most –> among the mostone of first –> one of the firstatmosphere –> the atmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)(另外还有如:the Equator, the Outerspace)between us and rest –> between us and the restin minority –> in the minorityaround floor –> around the floorpiano –> the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)English language –> the English languageat heart of –> at the heart ofworld –> the world(表示“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)in long run –> in the long run(3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用illustrate the further difference –> illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及)注意以下短语的区别in church – in the churchat college – at the collegein court – in the courtin hospital – in the hospitalin office – in the officein prison – in the prisonat sea – at the seain school – in the schoolat table – at the table形容词与副词使用错误have been currently –> currentbe well equipped as –> be as well equipped asheavy industrialized –> heavily-industrializedspread colossal –> spread colossallysimilar strong –> similarly strongkeep the number constantly at X a year –> keep number constant at X a yearfeel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwartedcomparative high proportion –> comparatively high proportion(quakes) start deeply in the earth –> start deep in the earthin the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 yearsculture embedded attitudes –> culturally embedded attitudesas much as –> as often asfrom one meter afar –> from one meter awayincreasing –> increasinglysimple –> simplypure –> purelymuch –> manymany –> morelarge –> largerearly –> earlier成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)a world which I could get…–> a world in which I could get…shows –> that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语,关系代词不可省略)take for granted that –> take it for grated that1980 –1980sone of the most glaring form –> one of the mist glaring formstheir jobs engage in their interest –> their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表示“占用(某人时间),吸引(某人注意力)”)complain about sth –> complain sthwork sth –> work out sthbelieve in –believe (believe单独使用表示一般的“相信”,believe in表示“信任某人,信仰…”)point sth –> point out sth20 percents –> 20 percenteyes contact –> eye contactseven – sevenththe process which it function –> the process by which it functioncommunication service –> communications service (通信服务、通讯服务)average incomes –> average income (income为不可数名词)the like of –> the likes of(诸如此类的)be referred to XX –> be referred to as XXbe viewed as work of are –> be viewed as a work of art(work作为“作品”讲时,为可数名词)时态或语态错误went – goagreeing – agreedconsisted – consistingbored – boringfavoring – favoredif she was –> if she were(非真实条件句)involves – involvingwill – would (虚拟语气中)delaying – delayed (已完成概念或者被动概念)the promise of improving quality of life –> the promise of improved quality of life (已完成概念或者被动概念)assure – assures (第三人称单数)have – has (要看清句子真正的主语)developing – developedconfronting – confrontedthe least understanding –> the least understoodwhat the have told – what they have been toldif circumstances become favorable – if circumstances should become favorable。
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2018 专八语法知识点后置定语精讲
后置定语是英语和汉语中不可或缺的重要语法内容之一,而英语后
置定语在构成上比汉语后置定语要更加多样化,下面是小编整理的2018
专八语法知识点后置定语精讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
一.介词短语作后置定语,如the bird in the tree(树上的小鸟),the standard of living(生活水平),the way to the hotel(去旅馆的路),the life in the future(未来的生活)。
二.不定式短语作后置定语,用来修饰限定其前的名词或名词性
短语。
分为以下三类:
1. 在某些名词结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。
I have a lot of homework to do.
He is the first to finish the task.
There are a lot of things to do.
2. 在某些抽象名词后可用动词不定式作后置定语,具体说明抽
象名词的内容。
常见名词有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish 等。
例句:
He has the ability to do the work.
I dont have the courage to tell you the secret.
3. 动词不定式有时可替代一个定语从句,与其前修饰的名词是
主动关系,在时态上含有将来的含义。
例如:
Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.
In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.。