英语四六级翻译常用词汇历史文化经济社会教育及20142015翻译真题答案

英语四六级段落翻译常用词汇

（1）中国历史与文化

京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kungfu 太极Tai Chi

口技ventriloquism 旗袍cheongsam 中山装Chinese tunic suit

唐装Tang suit木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay

折子戏opera highlights

杂技acrobatics 相声witty dialogue comedy

刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery

泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting

水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot

中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China

火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass

青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china

唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

景泰蓝cloisonne秋千swing武术martial arts儒家思想Confucianism

儒家文化Confucian culture道教Taoism墨家Mohism法家Legalism

佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu

庄子Chuang Tzu墨子Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu象形文字pictographic characters

文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and inkstone) 历史文著：《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius

《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kingdoms

《西游爷》Journey to the West《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions

《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals

《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs

《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites

《三字经》Three-character Scriptures八股文eight-part essay

五言绝句five-character quatrain

（2）中国经济

总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply

企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture

企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image

跨国公司cross-national corporation

创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise

猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital

航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry

电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry

娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry

知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry

国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification

市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision

购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market

城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment

业主home owner个人购房贷款individual housing loan

经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ)

经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff

纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy

货币投放量the size of money supply

流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热overheated economy

通货膨胀inflation 抑制通货膨胀curb inflation 注入流动性to inject liquidity 贴现率discount rate存款准备金率reserve requirement ratio (RRR)

公开市场业务open market operation (OMO)

逆回购reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo

引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level

稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy

微调货币政策to fine-tune monetary policy

硬着陆hard landing 软着陆soft landing 二十国集团Group of Twenty (G2O) 财政部长Finance Minister

全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year

经济活力economic vitality

大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package

结构改革structural reform硬资产hard assets 软资产soft assets

有形资产tangible assets 经济走廊economic corridor

整顿市场秩序to rectify the market order 反垄断antitrust; anti-monopoly

定价浮动price fluctuations 谋求利益最大化to maximize profit

债务审计audit of debt地方性政府债务local government debt/liability

公共财政体制改革an overhaul of the public finance system

债务管理debt management 信用支持credit support

（3）中国社会

多元文化论cultural pluralism 文化适应acculturation

社会保障social security 班车shuttle bus

相定迁户a relocated unit or household

大龄青年single youth above the normal matrimonial age

独生子女the only child in a family 单亲single parent

福利彩票welfare lotteries 家政服务household management service

民工migrant laborers 名人celebrity

农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor/laborers

青春期puberty全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign

全国人口普查nationwide census 社会保险social insurance

暂住证temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency

性骚扰sexual harassment 走私smuggling

*性另歧视gender/sexual discrimination

年龄歧视age discrimination 工作歧视job discrimination

享乐主义hedonism 文盲illiteracy

贫富分化disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版pirated/illegal copies

一国两制One Country, Two Systems 三个代表the Three Represents Theory

两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)

南南合作South-South Cooperation南北对话North-South Dialog

人大常委会People’s Congress Standing Committee法制观念awareness of law 法制国家a country with an adequate legal system

改革开放reform and opening-up公务员civil servants

官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存harmonious coexistence 计划生育family planning

计划生育基本国策the basic state policy of family planning

青年文明建设the construction of spiritual civilization

居委会neighborhood committee

科教兴国national rejuvenation through science and education

可持续发展sustainable development 廉洁高效honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系cross-straits relations 两岸谈判cross-straits negotiations

领土完整territorial integrity 民族精神national spirit

普选制general election system

求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences

人大代表NPC member

物质文明和精神文明material and spiritual civilization

小康社会a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard

一个中国原则the one-China principle与时俱进keep pace with the times

综合国力overall national strength共同愿望common desire

“走出去”（战略）going global不结盟non-alignment

单边主义unilateralism多边政策multilateralism

多极世界multipolar world人口老龄化aging of population

人口出生率birth rate社区月服务community service

道德法庭court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement

（4）中国教育

成人夜校night school for adults在职进修班on-job training courses

政治思想教育political and ideological education

毕业生分酉己graduate placement; assignment of graduate

充电update one’s knowledge初等教育elementary education

大学城college town大学社区college community

高等教育higher education

高等教育“211 工程”the “211 Project”for higher education

高等学府institution of higher education综合性大学comprehensive university 文科院校colleges of (liberal) arts

理工科大学college / university of science and engineering

师范学院teachers’college; normal college

高分低能high scores and low abilities

高考(university/college) entrance examination

高校扩招the college expansion plan

教育界education circle教育投入input in education

九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education

考研take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools

课外活动extracurricular activities必修课required/compulsory course

选修课elective/optional course 基础课basic courses 专业课specialized courses

课程表school schedule 教学大纲teaching program; syllabus

学习年限period of schooling 学历record of formal schooling 学分credit 启发式教学heuristic teaching 人才交流talent exchange

人才战competition for talented people

商务英语证书Business English Certificate (BEC)

适龄儿重入学率enrollment rate for children of school age

升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate

跨文化交流cross-cultura communication 春联spring couplet

神话传说mythology and legend 文化遗产cultural heritage

（五）段落翻译真题

Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的

历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年

的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家

环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸

最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠

外国友人的礼物。

Paper cutting is one of China's most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱

赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（theTang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals. InChinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient

people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, whichcould drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history ofmore than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was alreadyintroduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the liondance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom wherepeople could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.

2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。

Chinawill develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world,which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reformand opening up, Chi nese enterprises have been cooperating with overseasenterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored greatachievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises withtheir growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government willcontinue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the furthercooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.

3、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。

The phenomenon of holiday economy showsthat Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from thebasic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt tosocial development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfypeople’s demand for an improved quality of life.

4、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

The Duanwu Festival, also called the DragonBoat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was aloyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to thestate but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. Forthousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings anddragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are manyrivers and lakes.

5、2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(theTiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。

On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousandschool children and their teachers across China watched a science lessontaught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is

aboard theTiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessonswere a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations,she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment onEarth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledgeand interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.

6 、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。

Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome ofmodern China.Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architecturalstyles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become aworld-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city revealsmany glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of theoriginal Shanghai.They keep on showing how Shanghai has beendeveloping fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in thelate 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.

7、近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。

In modern times, Asiaexperienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, thepeople of Asia have been forging ahead in anindomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia'sdevelopment achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of theindustrious and talented Asian people. The people of Asiaare fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of developmentthat is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that arein line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have openedup bright prospects for economic and social development.

8、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。

Smoking does great harm to human and itsgravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air, damages health, andincreases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness about theprevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induceddiseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking isimpossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feeltortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes

that smokingis harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse toothers as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptationof tobacco. To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists,he’ll be rewarded.

9、越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。

An increasing number of English-educatedChinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while Englishlearning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kidshave a good command of Chinese. China’srise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefitfrom their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitivenessin the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity withthe two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardlychanged their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared thatthey knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kidslearning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China,where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its richcultural heritage.

10、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，对此我们不能视而不见。// 相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。// 在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里，不再有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。// 因此，我们彼此之间无须冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作，平等互补的关系。我们应该相互理解，相互学习，和睦共处。

I share the same view with many East Asianscholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing ,stubborn Western ills. We should not turn a blind eye to the fact thatindividual freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extremeindividualism, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of violence.// By contrast,self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Asiacan offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has shrunkas a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and theWest any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore,we do not necessarily have to come into clash with each other. Our relationshipis one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore,we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.//

11、国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。// 就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。// 美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中国，

大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。// 我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。//

Equality and mutual benefit is thefundamental principle of international trade. Therefore, it is normal thatcountries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictionsand disputes. The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cooland wise manner.// As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win tradeand economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in Chinastands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have theirbusiness in China, and most of them are making handsome profit. At the sametime, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers.Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates hassurpassed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between China and the United Stateswill become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade andeconomic cooperation. The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperationis, however, irreversible. There are two factors contribute to this trend.Firstly, the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vastfields. Secondly, Chinahas an outstanding labor cost advantage.//

12、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。// 我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。// 为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，// 根据我们的发展战略，我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。//

The China International Publishing Group isthe largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing anddistribution establishment, its predecessor being the International PressBureau of the Central People's Government Press and Publication Administration.//Adhering to the publishing phi losophy of “assisting China's march to the worldand facilitating world's understanding of China”, the Group commits itselfentirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancingcultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to build upa strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technicallydemanding business, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected andsent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas,for further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy,we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the worldcirculation market, aiming at the international readership. Our initial effortshave been very rewarding.//

13、改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化，中国文化

也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。

As China is rising as a political andeconomic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, moreand more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to aConfucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learningChinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, thelearners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilizationis so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities tolearn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and cateringculture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerablecivilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the lifeand world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentumand is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and moreAmerican learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in kongfu films,fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng,gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinesecultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school ofthought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//

14、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。//

Shanghai cuisine , usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among themajor regional cuisines in China,with a history of more than 400 years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines,Benbang cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential qualityelements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use ofseasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and originalflavors. Shanghaicuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplingsand a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang SteamedMeat Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, filledinside with ground pork and rich tasty soup. Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish isyellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, allcovered with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Shaped MandarinFish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is moreappropriate to plus “appearance” as the fourth element.

15、美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。//在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主旋律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。//美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以

儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐。//现在，中美联系比以往更加紧密，中国人学英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，《泰坦尼克》驶进中国，《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。//

American people emphasize efficiency,competition and originality while Chinese people give priority to carefulplanning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among teammembers.//In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chineseteachers like to lecture in class,and a lot of them are obsessed withexaminations. They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and arehappy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//Central to Americanpolitical, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moralautonomy. Traditional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism,which sings high praises for communal harmony.//Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever. Chineselearn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese, exerciseKung Fu, like Peking Duck. And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion hasbeen performed on Broadway.//

16、武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。// 为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。//武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。//老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。//

Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can betraced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture. As weall know, the fine culture of a nation doesn’ t belong to the nation alone andit will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// TheChinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have beenworking very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closerto the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and internationalstandard dance as an Olympic demonstration event.// The booming of wushu isattributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrantChinese wushu masters over the years.// Martial artists of the older generationshave sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Weshu, which can be used as selfdefense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soom became popular on newlands. Today sperb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateursare on the increase with each passing day.

17、香港中文大学，简称“中大”，成立于1963年。中大是一所研究型综合大学，以“结合传统与现代，融汇中国与西方”为创校使命。//40多年来，中大一直致力于弘扬中华传统文化，坚持双语教育，并推行独特的书院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校园占地134 公顷，是世界上最美丽的校园之一。//中大的师生来自世界各地。有教职员工5200多人，近万名本科生、约2000多名研究生，其中约2500多人来自45个不同的国家和地区。//中大实行灵活的学分制，不仅有助于培养有专有博的人才，而且还赋予学生更大的学习自主权。中大的多元教育有助于充分发挥每一个学生的潜能。//

The ChineseUniversity of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963. It is aresearch-oriented comprehensive university with a mission to combine traditionwith modernity and bring together China and the West.//For more than40 years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue ofour rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique collegesystem. 134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.//CUHK’ s faculty and students come fromall corners of the world. It has more than 5200 staff members,approximately10,000 undergraduates, and 2000 postgraduate students. Of these students, some2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong.//The flexible creditunit system allows a balance between depth with breadth, and a high degree offree choice of students in designing their own learning. The multi-facetededucation at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student.//

18、过去10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。// 环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界40%以上的人口，即20 多亿人，面临缺水问题。据预测，未来25 年全球人口将有60 亿增长到80 亿，环境保护面临更大的压力。// 中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策。// 众所周知，对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有6000 多种左右，高等植物3 万多种。//

Sea level rose and forest were destroyed atan unprecedented rate during the last decade. A series of environmental problems such s the deterioration of ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed a serious threat to human living conditions.// Environmental crisis leads to one of the serious problems, namely, water shortage. Presently, more than 40% of the world’s population, more than 2 billion p eople, now face water shortage. Itis predicted hat with the global population expected to increase from sixbillion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmental protection stress is expected.// As a developing country, china is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment. Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, in the process of promoting its overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of itsbasic state policies.// It is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protectionwork. Chinais rich in wildlife species. There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000species of higher plants.//

19、为了切实保护儿童权益，中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制，以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。// 中国政府动员社会采取多种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长，大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神，倡导团结、友爱、互助的道德风尚。// 中国民族素有“携幼”，“爱幼”的传统美德，中国古语“有无有以及人之幼”了流传至今。// 我们要在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童办实事”的公民意识，并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。//

To effectivel y protect children’s rightsand interests, china’s legislation, judicial and government departments concerned as well as non-governmental organizations have set up

correspondingmechanisms to supervise, facilitate and promote the healthy development of thework on protecting children.// The Chinese government has done a great deal tomobilize various circles in society to care for, in various manners , thedevelopment of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit of unceasingself-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate thevalued social virtues of unity, friendship and mutual aid.// The Chinese nationhas long cultivated the traditional virtues of “bring up the young” and caringfor the young”. An old Chinese saying that “love our children and love others’children in the same manner” is still very popular.// We should urge thesociety at large to raise the awareness of importance of “protecting andeducating children, and setting a good example and doing practical thing forchildren”. We will spare no efforts to create favorable social conditions forthe progress of child development programs.//

20、泰山的每个季节都有独特的魅力。春天，绿茵茵的山坡上，争奇斗妍的花朵到处可见。夏天泰山的雷暴雨堪称奇观。秋天，枫树叶漫山遍野，蔚蓝色的河水川流不息。冬天，雪盖群峰松披霜，景观素雅悲壮，别有一番情趣。喜逢艳阳日，极目远眺，重峦叠嶂，尽收眼帘。//但遇天阴时，环顾四周，苍茫大地，尽入云海。泰山的日出与日落，闻名遐尔。壮观的自然风景以及不可计数的历史名胜，激发了古代文人墨客，为之舞文弄墨，创作了无数经典佳作。泰山历来是画家骚客所钟情的聚集地。//

Each season here hasits beauty: bright flowers in full bloom covering the green slopes in spring,spectacular summer thunderstorms which are rarely seen elsewhere, blue riversrunning across the mountains overlaid with red maple leaves in fall, andsnow-capped mountains and frosted pine trees in winter that stage a quietsolemn spectacle of particular interest. On a clear day one can see the peaks risingone after another. // When the sky is overcast, the horizon disappears into asea of clouds. Mount Tai is most famous forits spectacular sunrise and sunset. Its landscape and numerous historical siteshave inspired many great classics of ancient writers, scholars andcalligraphers. Mount Tai has long been thepreferred gathering place of artists and poets.//

21、中国是舞龙舞狮的起源地。自问世以来，舞龙、舞狮运动一直受到各个民族人民的喜爱，代代相传，长久不衰，并因此形成了灿烂的舞龙舞狮文化。长期以来，很多青年朋友都以为龙舞、狮舞就是春节、庙会、庆典时的喜庆表演，殊不知它历经了几千年的传承流变，积淀了深厚的历史文化，是祖先留给我们的极其宝贵的文化遗产。

舞龙：the Dragon Dance 舞狮：Lion Dance 春节：Spring Festival 庙会：Spring Festival fairs Dragon Dance originated from China. In the long history，，，

22、旗袍，是中国女性的传统服装，源于中国满族女性的传统服装。因为满族人被称为“旗人”，所以满族人的长袍被称为“旗袍”。到了20世纪20年代，受西方服饰的影响，经过改进之后的旗袍逐渐在广大妇女中流行起来。在中国，很多女性都喜欢穿旗袍。结婚的时候，新娘不仅要订做一件中式旗袍作为结婚礼服，还要穿着漂亮的旗袍照一套婚纱照，作为永久的纪念。对于中国的女明星们而言，旗袍也成为她们参加各种重要活动的首选礼服。

核心词提示：旗袍：Cheongsam 满族：Manchu 旗人：bannerman

Cheongsam, Chinese women's traditional costume, originated from the Chinese traditional costume of Manchu women. Because of the Manchu people known as the "Eight Banners", so they are called "cheongsam gown". In China, many women like to wear the cheongsam.，，, as a permanent memorial. For Chinese actresses, cheongsam has become the first choice when attending various important ceremonies.